Ōoku: The Inner Chambers

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Ōoku: The Inner Chambers
Ooku - The Inner Chambers (cover art).jpg
First English edition of Ōoku: The Inner Chambers, as published by Viz Media
大奥
(Ōoku)
Genre
August 18, 2009 [11] 1-4215-2747-2
  • Chapter One
  • Chapter Two
  • Chapter Three
  • Chapter Four
  • End Notes
A young samurai, Mizuno Yūnoshin, who was born as the son of a poor Bannerwoman resolves to give his sister a dowry by joining the Ōoku of a seven-year-old girl Shogun, leaving his childhood sweetheart behind to hopefully she find a husband. He adjusts to the life of the Ōoku with the assistance of Sugishita, including the advances of his superiors there. The Shogun dies and a new Shogun who is thrifty but who does not know the customs, Yoshimune takes power. Mizuno rises in the ranks to be in the Personal Attendants  [ ja ] from whom Yoshimune can take a Concubine. She approves of his simple attire and chooses him to be her first Concubine, a position that customarily ensures his death. The morning after, he is taken to a garden to be executed but is spared by Yoshimune, who gives him a new name and some money and tells him where his still-unmarried childhood sweetheart is. Yoshimune meets a Dutch ambassador by dressing in men's clothes and hiding behind a screen. She violates protocol by speaking within his hearing. Later, she discusses with her entourage about the customs of naming. Yoshimune later dismisses all the beautiful young men of the Ōoku, telling them to marry, and arranges for Sugishita to be a Personal Attendant. Yoshimune seeks out the oldest man of the Ōoku, who she suspects may know more about the strange customs, and he gives her logbooks called the Chronicle of the Dying Day.
2 December 4, 2006 [12] 4-59-214302-7 December 15, 2009 [13] 1-4215-2748-0
  • Chapter Five
  • Chapter Six
  • Chapter Seven
  • Chapter Eight
  • Chapter Nine
  • End Notes
3 December 25, 2007 [14] 978-4-592-14303-1 April 20, 2010 [15] 1-4215-2749-9
  • Chapter Ten
  • Chapter Eleven
  • Chapter Twelve
  • Chapter Thirteen
  • Chapter Fourteen
  • End Notes
4 December 24, 2008 [16] 978-4-592-14304-8 August 17, 2010 [17] 1-4215-3169-0
  • Chapter Fifteen
  • Chapter Sixteen
  • Chapter Seventeen
  • Chapter Eighteen
  • End Notes
5 October 5, 2009 [18] 978-4-592-14305-5 December 21, 2010 [19] 1-4215-3669-2
  • Chapter Nineteen
  • Chapter Twenty
  • Chapter Twenty-One
  • Chapter Twenty-Two
  • End Notes
6 August 28, 2010 [20] 978-4-592-14306-2 July 19, 2011 [21] 1-4215-3961-6
  • Chapter Twenty-Three
  • Chapter Twenty-Four
  • Chapter Twenty-Five
  • Chapter Twenty-Six
  • End Notes
7 June 28, 2011 [22] 978-4-592-14307-9 July 17, 2012 [23] 978-1-4215-4220-1
  • Chapter Twenty-Seven
  • Chapter Twenty-Eight
  • Chapter Twenty-Nine
  • Chapter Thirty
  • End Notes
8 September 28, 2012 [24] 978-4-592-14308-6 September 17, 2013 [25] 978-1-4215-5482-2
  • Chapter Thirty-One
  • Chapter Thirty-Two
  • Chapter Thirty-Three
  • Chapter Thirty-Four
  • Chapter Thirty-Five
  • End Notes
9 December 3, 2012 [26] 978-4-592-14309-3 January 21, 2014 [27] 1-4215-5877-7
10 October 28, 2013 [28] 978-4-592-14310-9 November 18, 2014 [29] 1-4215-7242-7
11 August 28, 2014 [30] 978-4-592-14545-5 November 17, 2015 [31] 978-1-4215-7979-5
12 June 26, 2015 [32] 978-4-592-14546-2 November 15, 2016 [33] 978-1-4215-8643-4
13 April 28, 2016 [34] 978-4-592-14547-9 November 21, 2017 [35] 978-1-4215-9215-2
14 February 28, 2017 [36] 978-4-592-14548-6 November 20, 2018 [37] 978-1-4215-9775-1
15 December 28, 2017 [38] 978-4-592-14549-3 May 21, 2019 [39] 978-1-9747-0316-6
16 October 29, 2018 [40] 978-4-592-16276-6 December 17, 2019 [41] 978-1-9747-0840-6
17 August 28, 2019 [42] 978-4-592-16277-3 August 18, 2020 [43] 978-1-9747-1488-9
18 June 26, 2020 [44] 978-4-592-16278-0 June 15, 2021 [45] 978-1-9747-2223-5
19 February 26, 2021 [7] 978-4-592-16279-7 March 15, 2022 [46] 978-1-9747-2654-7

Live-action film

Fuminori Kaneko  [ ja ] directed a live-action adaptation of the manga entitled Ooku Danjo Gyakuten (one English translation of the title being Lady Shogun and her Men), specifically covering the Yoshimune and Mizuno arc of the story. [47] Filming began in the spring of 2010, [48] and the film opened on October 1, 2010. [49] Kazunari Ninomiya played the role of Yuunoshin Mizuno, a new addition to the Shogun's harem, and Ko Shibasaki played Shogun Yoshimune. [50]

Live-action series

A ten episode drama, Ōoku – Tanjō: Arikoto and Iemitsu  [ ja ] aired on TBS between October 12, 2012 and December 14, 2012, starring Masato Sakai and Mikako Tabe. [51] The screenwriter was Yumiko Kamiyama  [ ja ]. [52] It achieved an audience share of between 7.0% and 11.6% during its first airing. [53] Masato Sakai won a prize in the Galaxy Award for his part in this drama and another work of his. [54]

Another television drama series was announced in August 2022 and aired between January 10, 2023 and March 14, 2023 in NHK's "Drama 10  [ ja ]" slot, [55] [56] starring Sota Fukushi, Mayu Hotta, and Yuki Saito. [57] It is directed by Taku Ohara  [ ja ], Akihiro Tajima, and Hideaki Kawano, with a screenplay by Yoshiko Morishita  [ ja ], and music by Kohta Yamamoto. [58] Lilas Ikuta performed the series' theme song "Tanpopo" (蒲公英). [58]

Anime

An original net animation adaptation was announced at AnimeJapan on March 25, 2023. It was produced by Studio Deen and directed by Noriyuki Abe, with scripts written by Rika Takasugi and music composed by Kenji Kawai. [59] [60] It premiered worldwide on Netflix on June 29, 2023. [61]

No.Title
1"Episode 1"
The "redface pox" has devastated the male population in Japan and women have taken on most of the male roles, primarily relegating men to the role of reproduction and turning combat skills into a male hobby. A young samurai, Mizuno Yūnoshin, from a bannerman family resolves to provide a dowry for his sister by joining the Ōoku of the seven-year-old girl Shogun. He leaves his childhood sweetheart behind and adjusts to the life in the Ooku with the assistance of the older Sugishita. The young Shogun dies and the mature woman Yoshimune is appointed as the new Shogun. She shuns the existing conventions and rules, and begins cutting some of the extravagant expenses of the Ooku. Mizuno rises in the ranks of attendants and Yoshimune chooses him to be the "Groom of the Bedchamber", a position that customarily ensures his subsequent death. However, when he is about to be executed, Yoshimune spares him, gives him a new name and money so he can marry his sweetheart. Yoshimune dismisses most of the beautiful young men of the Ooku telling them to marry, and takes on Sugishita as her Groom of the Bedchamber. She continues to challenge existing protocols and question the custom of women of power adopting men's names. Yoshimune then seeks out the Chief Scribe, the oldest man of the Ooku, and seeks information on the past in which she believes men were more numerous. In reply he gives her a book entitled "Chronicle of the Dying Day". Feature length episode.
2"Episode 2"
Some time in the past, the Shogun dies from "redface pox" and the young and handsome Arikoto, the new Abbot of Keiko-in, visits Edo to pay his respects to the new Shogun Iemitsu. He catches the eye of Lady Kasuga, head of the Ooku, and is pressured to stay in Edo and become a page to Iemitsu. When he refuses to recant his monastic vows and have sex with a woman, Lady Kasuga orders one of his companions killed and one of the women who was sent to tempt him as well. Arikoto is then forced to decide between maintaining his vows or saving the lives of his remaining companion Gyokuei and the other two women. However, the women are secretly killed later to ensure their silence.
3"Episode 3"
As more men outside Edo succumb to the pox, and women are forced to take on their duties, Gyokuei joins Arikoto in the all male Ooku where they begin their new life. Lady Kasuga presents Arikoto the Shogun where he is stunned to find she is a young woman instead of a man. She then beats him when he refuses to accept a woman's name, O-man, in place of his own. The retainer, Inaba Masakatsu, explains to Arikoto that he provides the mature male voice of the shogun and how seventeen years ago, the young Iemitsu raped a local woman who then gave birth a daughter. When Iemitsu died from the pox without an heir, Lady Kasuga kept his death a secret and made the girl the Shogun, also closing the country off to foreigners to protect the secret. Arikoto then learns that his role is to act as breeding stock for the Shogun so that the Tokugawa blood line will be continued.
4"Episode 4"
Arikoto recovers from his beating and he is introduced to the samurai in the Ooku who treat him with contempt and rape Gyokuei. They goad Arikoto into an exhausting sword exercise, but later Iemitsu visits him they both show their more gentle sides to each other. She begins to visit him regularly and they develop respect for each other as they play with the cat she gave him. One night in revenge for his abuse, Gyokuei kills the cat near the retainer Shigesato's quarters and he is blamed for the death. Arikoto intercedes to stop Iemitsu from killing Shigesato and he is allowed to commit honorable seppuku. From that day, attitudes of the men towards Arikoto shift markedly in his favor and he accepts the name O-man. However, one day Arikoto and Iemitsu argue over her cruel behavior towards others. She claims that she has had a miserable life, but Arikoto reminds her that she is not the only one who has suffered.
5"Episode 5"
In an act to humiliate Arikoto and the other "grooms", Iemitsu orders the men to dress in women's clothing to amuse her. As the men dance awkwardly, she recalls her unhappily life: how she was taken by Lady Kasuga from her mother who was killed to maintain her silence; forced to become her father's surrogate against her will; treated as a vessel to produce the next Shogun; raped in the gardens by an unsuspecting samurai; and giving birth to a daughter who soon died. When Arikoto enters the room, beautifully dressed in a kimono, she sends everyone away and they embrace each other. A year later, Arikoto and Iemitsu are still happily in love, but Lady Kasuga is concerned that Iemitsu is not pregnant.
6"Episode 6"
While dreaming, Lady Kasuga recalls entering the service of the Shogun along with her son, who is now known as Inaba Masakatsu. In an effort to produce a Tokugawa offspring to maintain peace in the country, Lady Kasuga selects a young man in town named Sutezo who resembles Arikoto to become the new Groom of the Bedchamber. She forces Arikoto into convincing Iemitsu to accept him. Although Iemitsu believes that she is barren following the difficult birth of her first child, she and Arikoto realize that she must accept the situation for them both to stay alive.
7"Episode 7"
Both Arikoto and Iemitsu grudgingly accept their destinies and shortly thereafter, Iemitsu becomes pregnant with Sutezo's child. She gives birth to a daughter, Chiyo, which pleases Lady Kasuga. However, Sutezo accidentally falls becoming paralyzed and incapable of performing his duties. Lady Kasuga allows Iemitsu to be with Arikoto again, but when after three months she does not fall pregnant, new grooms are brought in an effort to produce a male heir. Iemitsu accepts the compromise although she pledges her eternal love for Arikoto. Seeing how fulfilled Iemitsu is as a mother, Arikoto even asks Gyokuei to sleep with Iemitsu.
8"Episode 8"
The countryside is stricken by drought causing widespread famine and many people head toward Edo in search of food. Iemitsu travels outside the castle walls and sees how desperate people have become, especially due to the shortage of young men. She orders rice to be temporarily provided to those in need, not necessarily to save them, but to prevent a peasant uprising. During an annual celebration when the feudal lords pay homage to the Shogun, it is obvious that many do not have male heirs and have brought their daughters dressed as men. Masamori proposes that for the time being, women be allowed to become successors much to the horror of Lady Kasuga. However, he argues that it will prevent a reduction in the number of families which could concentrate power in a few powerful ones which may become a threat to the Tokugawa clan.
9"Episode 9"
Lady Kasuga becomes gravely ill creating a power vacuum in the Ooku. Surprisingly Arikoto steps in to care for her while Iemitsu considers the political implications. Sutezo succumbs to the red-face pox, causing severe implications for the Ooku so Arikoto quarantines the infected men in his rooms. Meanwhile, outside the castle, the pox claims the lives of four fifths of the adult male population. In a desperate bid to maintain order, Iemitsu proclaims a notice preventing the buying and selling of land and that women can become family heirs to prevent the growth of powerful landholders. Before she dies, Lady Kasuga tasks her son Murase Masasuke with recording the events in the Ooku in what she names the "Chronicle of the Dying Day" and names Arikoto as her successor. Arikoto names Masasuke as the Chief Scribe, Katsuta Yorihide as Usher of the Purse, Nishina Kiyonari as Bearer of the Key and assigns other roles to the men in the Ooku. In the greatest departure from the past, Iemitsu reveals herself publicly as the first female Shogun.
10"Episode 10"
Iemitsu oversees a new regime where women can become feudal lords and hold positions formerly reserved for men as a temporary measure to preserve the Tokugawa Shogunate. She dismisses 100 of the least skilled samurai from the Ooku to work in the Yoshiwara while retaining the most experienced fighters as her guards. She decrees that the groom of subsequent Shoguns must be selected from within the Ooku and that he then be put to death for defiling the Shogun. She appoints Arikoto as Lady Kasuga's successor to the position of Senior Chamberlain. After giving birth to a second daughter with Gyokuei, renamed O-Tama, she has two miscarriages and dies at the young age of 27 leaving Arikoto to watch over her daughter Chiyo. The percentage of men gradually increases to one quarter of the population, but their main responsibility is fathering children while women still shoulder most of the responsibility for physical labor and trade. Chiyo then becomes Ietsuna, the fourth Shogun of the Tokugawa clan.

Reception

Manga

Ōoku: The Inner Chambers was nominated for the first annual Manga Taishō in 2008. [62] It was nominated for the Tezuka Osamu Cultural Prize three years in a row from 2007 to 2009 [63] [64] [65] before it won the Grand Prize in April 2009. [66] Previously, the manga also won an Excellence Prize in the 10th Japan Media Arts Festival in 2006. [67] It won a special prize in The Japanese Association of Feminist Science Fiction and Fantasy's 5th and 21st annual Sense of Gender Awards in 2005 and 2021, respectively. [68] [69]

The manga won the 2009 James Tiptree Jr. Award, which is awarded to science fiction works which expand or explore one's understanding of gender. [70] In January 2011, the manga won the 56th Shogakukan Manga Award in the shōjo category. [71] The series was awarded the Grand Prize of the 42nd Nihon SF Taisho Award in 2021. [72] Ōoku: The Inner Chambers was nominated for the 53rd Seiun Award in the Best Comic category in 2022. [73] In January 2010, The American Library Association's Young Adult Library Services Association (YALSA) division listed Ōoku: The Inner Chambers in the 2010 Top Ten Great Graphic Novels for Teens list. [74]

Sales

By December 2020, the manga had over 6 million copies in circulation. [75] The fourth volume of Ōoku: The Inner Chambers was ranked 5th on the Tohan charts between December 23, 2008 and January 5, 2009 [76] and ranked 24th on the Tohan charts between January 6 and 12, 2009. [77] The seventh volume of the manga sold around 167,000 copies in its debut week and reached No. 1 on the Japan's Oricon weekly comic ranking for the first time in July 2011. [78]

Critical reception

In a review of the first volume, Casey Brienza of Anime News Network stated that "the manga is the perfect marriage of stylistic shortcomings to appropriate subject matter—the beautiful costumes are important players and plot points throughout the story, and the lack of character expression matches a world of intensely ritualized social interaction perfectly. Furthermore, while Yoshinaga isn't know[n] for her gorgeously rendered settings, artistic assistants provide much needed background detail and atmosphere." [79]

Holly Ellingwood describes the manga as a "fascinating study of 'what if'", and praises Viz's presentation of the manga. [80] Katherine Dacey criticised the English translation of the manga, finding it awkwardly juxtaposed faux-old-English with modern language, and enjoyed the characterisation of Yoshimune. [81] She found the second volume more engaging than the first. [82] Carlo Santos of Anime News Network enjoyed the artwork which shows the period detail in the second volume. [83] Leroy Douresseaux wrote that by the sixth volume, the focus of the series was much more on character drama and the political climate than on gender roles. [84]

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Further reading