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奥羽越列藩同盟 | |
| Standard-bearer at the 2006 Aizu Parade bearing the flag of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei | |
| Formation | Spring 1868 |
|---|---|
| Type | Military and political alliance |
| Headquarters | Shiroishi, Sendai Domain, Japan |
| Membership | 31 domains of Northern Japan |
Official language | Japanese |
Meishu (Alliance Head) | Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa |
Sotoku (Governor-General) | Date Yoshikuni, Uesugi Narinori |
The Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei (奥羽越列藩同盟, lit. 'Alliance of the domains of Mutsu, Dewa, and Echigo ') was a Japanese military-political coalition established and disestablished over the course of several months in early to mid-1868 during the Boshin War. Its flag was either a white interwoven five-pointed star on a black field, or a black interwoven five-pointed star on a white field. It is also known as the Northern Alliance (北部同盟, Hokubu Dōmei).
The Alliance centered on the Sendai, Yonezawa, and Nihonmatsu domains, and drew together nearly all domains from the provinces of Mutsu and Dewa, several domains of northern Echigo Province, and even the Matsumae Domain of Ezo (modern-day Hokkaidō). Headquartered at Shiroishi Castle, the alliance's nominal head was Prince Kitashirakawa Yoshihisa, the onetime abbot of Kan'eiji Temple in Edo who fled north following the Satsuma–Chōshū takeover of the city, who declared himself "Emperor Tobu" (東武天皇), with Date Yoshikuni of Sendai and Uesugi Narinori of Yonezawa as the head of the Alliance. Although heteroclite in nature, the Alliance formed of a combination of modern and traditional forces, and mobilized a total of about 50,000 soldiers. Though the alliance did its best to support the Aizu Domain (会津藩), Aizu was not formally part of the alliance "Kaishō Alliance" (会庄同盟); neither was Shōnai (庄内藩).
In addition, though it technically no longer existed as a domain, the forces of the Hayashi clan of Jōzai Domain also fought on behalf of the Alliance.
While the alliance was a bold, innovative step that combined the military forces of several dozen domains, it was unable to fully act as a single, cohesive unit, and with the fall of Sendai and Aizu, it effectively collapsed.
| Domain | Ruling Family | Province |
|---|---|---|
| Matsumae | Matsumae | Ezo |
| Morioka | Nanbu | Mutsu |
| Nihonmatsu | Niwa | Mutsu |
| Hirosaki | Tsugaru | Mutsu |
| Tanagura | Abe | Mutsu |
| Sōma | Sōma | Mutsu |
| Sendai | Date | Mutsu |
| Ichinoseki | Tamura | Mutsu |
| Miharu | Akita | Mutsu |
| Iwakitaira | Andō | Mutsu |
| Fukushima | Itakura | Mutsu |
| Moriyama | Matsudaira | Mutsu |
| Izumi | Honda | Mutsu |
| Hachinohe | Nanbu | Mutsu |
| Yunagaya | Naitō | Mutsu |
| Miike | Tachibana | Fukuoka |
| Akita | Satake | Dewa |
| Yonezawa | Uesugi | Dewa |
| Shinjō | Tozawa | Dewa |
| Yamagata | Mizuno | Dewa |
| Kaminoyama | Matsudaira | Dewa |
| Honjō | Rokugō | Dewa |
| Kameda | Iwaki | Dewa |
| Tendō | Oda | Dewa |
| Yashima | Ikoma | Dewa |
| Shibata | Mizoguchi | Echigo |
| Nagaoka | Makino | Echigo |
| Murakami | Naitō | Echigo |
| Muramatsu | Hori | Echigo |
| Mineyama | Kyōgoku | Tango |
| Kurokawa | Yanagisawa | Echigo |
Dewa Province was a province of Japan comprising modern-day Yamagata Prefecture and Akita Prefecture, except for the city of Kazuno and the town of Kosaka. Dewa bordered on Mutsu and Echigō Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was Ushū (羽州).
Tsuruga Castle, also known as Aizuwakamatsu Castle is a Japanese castle in northern Japan, at the center of the city of Aizuwakamatsu, in Fukushima Prefecture.
The Satake clan was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Minamoto clan. Its first power base was in Hitachi Province. The clan was subdued by Minamoto no Yoritomo in the late 12th century, but later entered Yoritomo's service as vassals. In the Muromachi period, the Satake served as Governor (shugo) of Hitachi Province, under the aegis of the Ashikaga shogunate. The clan sided with the Western Army during the Battle of Sekigahara, and was punished by Tokugawa Ieyasu, who moved it to a smaller territory in northern Dewa Province at the start of the Edo period. The Satake survived as lords (daimyō) of the Kubota Domain. Over the course of the Edo period, two major branches of the Satake clan were established, one ruled the fief of Iwasaki, the other one the fief of Kubota-Shinden.
The Sōma clan was a Japanese samurai clan that ruled the northern Hamadōri region of southern Mutsu Province in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan for over 700 years, from the Kamakura period through the Meiji Restoration of 1868. The Sōma claimed descent from the Taira clan via the Chiba clan and took their name from the Chiba clan territories in Sōma District of northern Shimōsa Province. The clan moved its seat from Shimōsa to Mutsu Province in the early Kamakura period, and were confirmed as daimyō of Sōma Nakamura Domain under the Edo-period Tokugawa shogunate.
Date Yoshikuni was a late-Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 13th daimyō of Sendai Domain in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan, the 29th hereditary chieftain of the Date clan. He is known primarily for his role as commander-in-chief of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei during the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration.
Shōnai Domain was a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, located in Dewa Province, Japan. It was centered on Tsuruoka Castle in what is now the city of Tsuruoka in Yamagata Prefecture, and was thus also known as the Tsuruoka Domain. It was governed for the whole of its history by the Sakai clan, which resulted in an unusually stable and prosperous domain. During their rule over Shōnai, the Sakai clan was ranked as a province-holding daimyō family, and as such, had the privilege of shogunal audiences in the Great Hall (Ohiroma) of Edo Castle. In the Boshin War of 1868–69, the domain joined the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei, the alliance of northern domains supporting the Tokugawa shogunate, but then later defected to the imperial side. As with all other domains, it was disbanded in 1871.
Yamagata Domain was a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, located in Dewa Province, Japan. It was centered on Yamagata Castle in what is now the city of Yamagata. Unlike some han whose control was relatively stable throughout the Edo period (1603–1867), Yamagata changed hands a great number of times during its history.
Aizu Domain was a domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1601 to 1871.
Viscount Niwa Nagakuni was an Edo period Japanese samurai, and the 10th daimyō of Nihonmatsu Domain in the Tōhoku region of Japan. He was the 11th hereditary chieftain of the Niwa clan. His courtesy title was Saikyō-no-daifu, and his Court rank was Junior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade.
The Sendai Domain, also known as the Date Domain, was a domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1600 to 1871.
Yonezawa Domain was a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, located in Dewa Province, Japan. It was centered at Yonezawa castle in what is now the city of Yonezawa, and its territory extended over the Okitama District of Dewa Province, in what is today southeastern Yamagata Prefecture. It was ruled throughout its history by the Uesugi clan, as tozama daimyō, with an initial income of 300,000 koku, which later fell to 150,000–180,000. The Uesugi were ranked as a province-holding daimyō and as such, had the privilege of shogunal audiences in the Great Hall (Ōhiroma) of Edo Castle.
Nihonmatsu Domain was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in southern Mutsu Province. It was centered on Nihonmatsu Castle in what is now the city of Nihonmatsu, Fukushima, and its territory included all of Nihonmatsu, Motomiya, Ōtama and most of the present-day city of Kōriyama. For most of its history it was ruled by the Niwa clan. The Nihonmatsu Domain was also the scene of a major battle of the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration.
Kaminoyama Domain a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, located in Dewa Province, Japan. It was centered on Kaminoyama Castle in what is now the city of Kaminoyama, Yamagata.
The Niwa clan was a Japanese samurai clan of northern Honshū that claimed descent from Emperor Kanmu via Prince Yoshimine no Yasuo (785-80) and Kodama Koreyuki (d.1069).
Tanagura Domain was a fudai feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It is located in southern Mutsu Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Tanagura Castle, located in what is now part of the town of Tanagura in Fukushima Prefecture.
Nagaoka Domain was a fudai feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan. It is located in Echigo Province, Honshū. The domain was centered at Nagaoka Castle, located in what is now part of the city of Nagaoka in Niigata Prefecture. It was often referred to as Echigo-Nagaoka Domain to disambiguate itself from the smaller Yamashiro-Nagaoka Domain in what is now Nagaokakyo, Kyoto. The domain was ruled by the Makino clan for most of its history. During the summer of 1868, it was the center of some of the fiercest fighting during the Boshin War. Admiral Yamamoto Isoroku was the son of a Nagaoka samurai.
Kameda Domain was a feudal domain in Edo period Japan, located in Dewa Province, Japan. It was centered on Kameda Castle in what is now the city of Yurihonjō, Akita.
Uesugi Narinori was the 12th daimyō of Yonezawa Domain in Dewa Province, Japan, under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate of Japan.
The Battle of Noheji was a minor battle of the Boshin War of the Meiji Restoration in Japan on November 7, 1868. It is considered a part of the larger Aizu campaign. The site of the battlefield was designated an Aomori Prefectural Historic Site in 1976.
Mizoguchi Naomasa was the 12th daimyō of Shibata Domain in Echigo Province, Japan. His courtesy title was Hōki-no-kami, and his Court rank was Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade.