Šefik Bešlagić | |
|---|---|
 Portrait of Šefik Bešlagić working on stećak | |
| Born | 6 April 1908 |
| Died | 19 November 1990 (aged 82) |
| Nationality | Austro-Hungarian, Yugoslav |
| Occupation | medievalist |
| Known for | studying and description of Stećci |
Šefik Bešlagić (6 April 1908 – 19 November 1990) was a cultural historian from Bosnia and Herzegovina, former Yugoslav republic.
Šefik Bešlagić was born in the town of Gornja Tuzla in 1908. [1] He was born in Bosniak family, and his mother Devleta (née Mulalić) was a housewife, while his father Agan was a teacher.
Šefik Bešlagić was educated in Tuzla, Doboj and Sarajevo, before teaching in Derventa and Gračanica. [2]
From 1953 to 1967 Šefik Bešlagić was the director of the republic's Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina. He explored the medieval necropolis of monumental tombstones or Stećci . He was a historian of material culture, especially of megaliths, stećaks, nišans, čatrnja s, stolicas (judge stone seat or stone chair), and other monuments.
Nada Miletić and Alojz Benac dated first significant appearance of the phenomenon of the stećak to the thirteenth century, but this dating has been debated, in particular by Bešlagić and Dubravko Lovrenović, who date the tombstones to the mid-twelfth century. [3]
The culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina encompasses the country's ancient heritage, architecture, science, literature, visual arts, music, cinema, sports and cuisine.
Stolac is an ancient city located in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the region of Herzegovina. Stolac is one of the oldest cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the World.
Posušje is a town and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the West Herzegovina Canton, a federal unit of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
On 25 May 1995, the Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) launched an artillery attack against the town of Tuzla, which left 71 dead and 240 wounded. The event is also known as the Tuzla massacre.
Stećak is the name for monumental medieval tombstones, that lie scattered across Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the border parts of Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia. An estimated 60,000 are found within the borders of modern Bosnia and Herzegovina and the rest of 10,000 are found in what are today Croatia (4,400), Montenegro (3,500), and Serbia (2,100), at more than 3,300 odd sites with over 90% in poor condition. They are cut in a variety of recognizable stećak forms, with certain percentage being richly decorated and some individual stećci also containing inscriptions in form of epitaphs.
Blatačko Lake is a natural lake 21 kilometers to the north-east of Konjic, in Konjic municipality, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The lake is a central feature of the naturally, culturally and historically significant landscape designated as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Marian Barbara Wenzel was a British artist and art historian. She dedicated most of her active career to research of Bosnian-Herzegovinian art and cultural history.
Alojz Benac was a Bosnian and Yugoslav archaeologist and historian.
Batalo Šantić, who is simply known as Batalo, in some research also Batal, was a medieval Bosnian nobleman from Lašva. He was the holder of the medieval Bosnian title of "tepčija". In Medieval Bosnia the title of tepčija appeared some time during 13th century and was in use until second half of the 14th century. The function of a tepčija was to oversee the country's feudal estates.
Dubravko Lovrenović was Bosnian and Herzegovinian medievalist, author and essayist, who worked at the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Sarajevo, Department of History, in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Batić Mirković was a prominent 15th century Bosnian nobleman and magnate. His father was Bosnian knez, Mirko Radojević, the Radojević-Mirković noble family senior, who had a brother Radič Radojević. Batić succeeded as a head of the family and Bosnian knez after his father death, while he also succeeded Radoje Radosalić-Pribinić of his grandfather, as Grand Knez of Bosnia. He was married to Vukava.
Medieval literary heritage of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as part of a Bosnia and Herzegovina literature, is based on local language traditions and literacy and can be assessed starting with the High Middle Ages. The oldest preserved Bosnian inscriptions is considered to be the Humac tablet, inscribed into stone tablet between the 10th and 12th century, which means that probably predates Charter of Ban Kulin written on 29 August 1189.
Nada Miletić was a Bosnian medievalist, art historian and archaeologist, who was a scientific expert at the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina and founded the study of the Migration Period in Bosnian archaeology.
The Stećak Necropolis Ričine is the medieval necropolis with stećak tombstones on the right bank of the Ričina stream, located in the village of Čitluk, on the main road from Posušje towards Tomislavgrad, municipality of Posušje, in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The necropolis is also designated a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the Commission to preserve national monuments in 2019. The necropolis was first registered in 1988 as an archaeological site in the Archaeological Lexicon of Bosnia and Herzegovina, namely as a prehistoric tumulus on which there is a necropolis of stećaks, and between the stećaks, the remains of the walls of a building that is supposed to be a medieval church can be seen. Part of the stećak was destroyed during the construction of the road and the construction of the bridge.
The Borak necropolis with stećaks is located in Bosnia and Herzegovina on the hill of Borak, next to the village of Burati, at an altitude of 140m. To the right of the main road Sokolac-Rogatica. The national monument is located in the location that includes Kramer village, Rogatica municipality. 212 visible stećaks were recorded at the necropolis, of which the greater number are oriented in the east–west direction, and the smaller number are in the north–south direction.
Zgošća Stećak is a stećak discovered in a gorge of the Zgošća river, near Donja Zgošća village, not far from Kakanj in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is one of the most representative examples of stećak found in terms of its size, artistic processing and ornamentation. Along the Zgošća Stećak researchers found a stećak in the form of a column, colloquially known as Zgošća Column. Both column and gable stećak dates back to the 15th century. The stećak was relocated from its original location to a botanical garden in the atrium of the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo, where it is kept and displayed for public view.
Stećak forms, that is, shapes and dimensions of the megalithic tombstone known as stećak, is what make stećaks extremely attractive. Stećaks are mostly of large dimension and in rare cases smaller ones were cut. However, the very basic division of stećak is between lying or horizontal and standing or vertical ones, which was introduced by Dimitrije Sergejevski in 1952. The first group includes stećci in the form of a slab, a chest, a chest with a pedestal, a gable and a gable with a pedestal, while the second group includes stećci with two forms - columns and crosses. In addition to these basic forms, which have several subtypes and variants, there are also amorphous stećci, which are simplest ones and usually without any elaborate finishing decorations or inscriptions.
Dolovi–Poljice stećak necropolises, are located in the immediate vicinity of the summer katun of Poljice, on the Visočica mountain, 25 km from Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the middle of the 11th century, the area of Mount Visočica, in Župa Neretva, was annexed to the Bosnian state. From then until Ban Tvrtko I came to power in 1353, it had a special status. At the beginning of the 15th century, there was a division into the King's demesne and the feudal area of Hum under Stjepan Kosača. The border between two zemljas was roughly the river Neretva.
The stećak to nišan transition is a period in Bosnia and Herzegovina history marked by the end of the stećak tombstones usage and the transition to first nišan tombstones. It is a cultural phenomenon on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina temporally framed by the period between the second half of the 15th and the first half of the 16th century, few decades before and several decades after Ottoman occupation ending a period of the medieval Bosnian state.
Grčka Glavica necropolis, in Biskupi hamlet of the Glavatičevo village, Municipality of Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina, is inscribed on the list of 28 medieval stećak necropolises that were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2016. The list includes 20 necropolises in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 3 in Serbia, 3 in Montenegro, and 2 in Croatia.
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