1256 Normannia

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1256 Normannia
001256-asteroid shape model (1256) Normannia.png
Shape model of Normannia from its lightcurve
Discovery [1]
Discovered by K. Reinmuth
Discovery site Heidelberg Obs.
Discovery date8 August 1932
Designations
(1256) Normannia
Pronunciation ⫽nɔːrˈmæniə⫽ [2]
Named after
 Normans/Normandy [3]
(people/region in France)
1932 PD ·1930 KO
main-belt  ·(outer) [1]
Hilda [4] [5] [6]  · background [7]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc 87.43 yr (31,933 days)
Aphelion 4.1995 AU
Perihelion 3.5903 AU
3.8949 AU
Eccentricity 0.0782
7.69 yr (2,808 days)
5.5363°
0° 7m 41.52s / day
Inclination 4.1732°
236.94°
101.06°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions68.253±0.436 km [8]
69.02 km (derived) [5]
69.22±2.8 km [9]
73.26±2.34 km [10]
6.4±0.1 h (poor) [lower-alpha 1]
6.8 h (poor) [11]
18.13±0.02 h [6]
18.8(poor) h [12]
488.063±7.4017 h [13]
0.0364 (derived) [5]
0.046±0.003 [10]
0.05±0.01 [8]
0.0504±0.004 [9]
0.052±0.010 [8]
Tholen = D [1] [5]  · D [8] [14]
B–V = 0.737 [1]
U–B = 0.239 [1]
9.475±0.002(R) [13]  ·9.66 [1] [9] [10]  ·9.74 [11]  ·9.94±0.71 [5] [14]  ·10.02 [12]

    1256 Normannia (prov. designation: 1932 PD) is a dark Hilda asteroid and slow rotator from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 69 kilometers (40 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 8 August 1932, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in Germany. [4] The asteroid was likely named after the Normans who gave their name to the region of Normandy in France. [3]

    Contents

    Orbit and classification

    Normannia is a member of the Hilda group of asteroids, which are in 3:2 orbital resonance with the gas-giant Jupiter. [5] [6] When applying the Hierarchical Clustering Method to its proper orbital elements, Normannia is a background asteroid that does not belong to neither the Hilda family ( 001 ) nor the Schubart family ( 002 ), [7] the only two asteroid families known within the Hilda group. [15] : 23 

    It orbits the Sun in the outermost asteroid belt at a distance of 3.6–4.2  AU once every 7 years and 8 months (2,808 days; semi-major axis of 3.89 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.08 and an inclination of 4° with respect to the ecliptic. [1] The body's observation arc begins with its first identification as 1930 KO at Lowell Observatory in May 1930, more than two years prior to its official discovery observation at Heidelberg. [4]

    Naming

    This minor planet was probably named after the Normans ("Norseman"), mainly Danish and Norwegian Vikings who settled in the historical region of Normandy in northwestern France. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 ( H 115 ). [3]

    Physical characteristics

    In the Tholen classification, Normannia is a dark D-type asteroid. [1] [5] Observations by Pan-STARRS and by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) also characterized the asteroid as a D-type. [8] [14]

    Rotation period

    In September 2010, a rotational lightcurve of Normannia was obtained from photometric observations by astronomers at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 488.063 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.39 magnitude ( U=2 ). [13] This makes it one of the Top-100 slow rotators known to exist. Other observations gave several poor lightcurves with a much shorter period between 6.4 and 18.8 hours ( U=1/1/1/n.a. ). [6] [11] [12] [lower-alpha 1]

    Diameter and albedo

    According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Normannia measures between 68.253 and 73.26 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.046 and 0.052. [8] [9] [10]

    The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0364 and a diameter of 69.02 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.02. [5]

    Notes

    1. 1 2 Aznar (2014) web: Observation from 24 March 2014: rotation period 6.4±0.1 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.09±0.01 mag. Summary figures at the LCDB

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    References

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    2. ↑ "Normannic" . Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press.(Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
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    13. 1 2 3 Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv: 1504.04041 . Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. S2CID   8342929.
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