1588

1588 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1588; MDLXXXVIII
Ab urbe condita	2341
Armenian calendar	1037; ԹՎ ՌԼԷ
Assyrian calendar	6338
Balinese saka calendar	1509–1510
Bengali calendar	995
Berber calendar	2538
English Regnal year	30 Eliz. 1 – 31 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar	2132
Burmese calendar	950
Byzantine calendar	7096–7097
Chinese calendar	丁亥年 (Fire Pig); 4284 or 4224; — to —; 戊子年 (Earth Rat); 4285 or 4225
Coptic calendar	1304–1305
Discordian calendar	2754
Ethiopian calendar	1580–1581
Hebrew calendar	5348–5349
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1644–1645
- Shaka Samvat	1509–1510
- Kali Yuga	4688–4689
Holocene calendar	11588
Igbo calendar	588–589
Iranian calendar	966–967
Islamic calendar	996–997
Japanese calendar	Tenshō 16; (天正１６年)
Javanese calendar	1507–1509
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	3921
Minguo calendar	324 before ROC ; 民前324年
Nanakshahi calendar	120
Thai solar calendar	2130–2131
Tibetan calendar	阴火猪年; (female Fire-Pig); 1714 or 1333 or 561; — to —; 阳土鼠年; (male Earth-Rat); 1715 or 1334 or 562

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	15th century ; 16th century ; 17th century ;
Decades:	1560s ; 1570s ; 1580s ; 1590s ; 1600s ;
Years:	1585 ; 1586 ; 1587 ; 1588 ; 1589 ; 1590 ; 1591 ;

Last updated March 02, 2019

1588 ( MDLXXXVIII ) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar , the 1588th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 588th year of the 2nd millennium , the 88th year of the 16th century , and the 9th year of the 1580s decade. As of the start of 1588, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Roman numerals Numbers in the Roman numeral system

The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet. Roman numerals, as used today, employ seven symbols, each with a fixed integer value, as follows:

A leap year is a calendar year containing one additional day added to keep the calendar year synchronized with the astronomical or seasonal year. Because seasons and astronomical events do not repeat in a whole number of days, calendars that have the same number of days in each year drift over time with respect to the event that the year is supposed to track. By inserting an additional day or month into the year, the drift can be corrected. A year that is not a leap year is called a common year.

A leap year starting on Friday is any year with 366 days that begins on Friday 1 January and ends on Saturday 31 December. Its dominical letters hence are CB, such as the years 1808, 1836, 1864, 1892, 1904, 1932, 1960, 1988, 2016, 2044, 2072, and 2112 in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 2000 and 2028 in the obsolete Julian calendar. Any leap year that starts on Tuesday, Friday or Saturday has only one Friday the 13th; The only Friday the 13th in this leap year occurs in May. Common years starting on Saturday share this characteristic.

Events

January–June

February – The Sinhalese abandon the siege of Colombo, capital of Portuguese Ceylon.
February 9 – The sudden death of Álvaro de Bazán, 1st Marquis of Santa Cruz, in the midst of preparations for the Spanish Armada, forces King Philip II of Spain to re-allocate the command of the fleet.
April 14 (April 4 Old Style) – Christian IV becomes king of Denmark–Norway, upon the death of his father, Frederick II.
May 12 – Day of the Barricades in Paris: Henry I, Duke of Guise seizes the city, forcing King Henry III to flee.
May 28 – The Spanish Armada, with 130 ships and 30,000 men, begins to set sail from the Tagus estuary, heading for the English Channel (it will take until May 30 for all of the ships to leave port).

February is the second and shortest month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendar with 28 days in common years and 29 days in leap years, with the quadrennial 29th day being called the leap day. It is the first of five months to have a length of fewer than 31 days, and the only month to have a length of fewer than 30 days, with the other seven months having 31 days. In 2019, February has 28 days.

The Sinhalese are an Indo-Aryan-speaking ethnic group native to the island of Sri Lanka. They constitute about 75% of the Sri Lankan population and number greater than 16.2 million. The Sinhalese identity is based on language, historical heritage and religion. The Sinhalese people speak the Sinhalese language, an Indo-Aryan language, and are predominantly Theravada Buddhists, although a small percentage of Sinhalese follow branches of Christianity. The Sinhalese are mostly found in North Central, Central, South, and West Sri Lanka. According to the 5th century epic poem Mahavamsa, and the Dipavamsa, a 3rd–5th century treatise written in Pali by Buddhist monks of the Anuradhapura Maha Viharaya in Sri Lanka, the Sinhalese are descendants of settlers who came to the island in 543 BCE from Sinhapura, in India, led by Prince Vijaya.

Colombo is the commercial capital and largest city of Sri Lanka. According to the Brookings Institution, Colombo metropolitan area has a population of 5.6 million, and 752,993 in the city proper. It is the financial centre of the island and a popular tourist destination. It is located on the west coast of the island and adjacent to the Greater Colombo area which includes Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte, the legislative capital of Sri Lanka and Dehiwala-Mount Lavinia. Colombo is often referred to as the capital since Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte is within the urban area of, and a suburb of, Colombo. It is also the administrative capital of the Western Province and the district capital of Colombo District. Colombo is a busy and vibrant place with a mixture of modern life and colonial buildings and ruins. It was the legislative capital of Sri Lanka until 1982.

July–December

July – King Henry III of France capitulates to the Duke of Guise, and returns to Paris.
July 31 – The first engagement between the English and Spanish fleets (off of Plymouth) results in a victory for the English, under command of Lord Howard of Effingham and Sir Francis Drake.
August 2 – The English fleet defeats the Spanish fleet, off the Isle of Portland.
August 6 (July 29 Old Style) – Battle of Gravelines: The Spanish Armada is defeated by the English naval force off the coast of Gravelines, in the Spanish Netherlands (modern France).
August 7 – The English fleet defeats the Spanish fleet off the coast of Flanders.
August 8 – 9 – The Spanish are unable to reach the coast of Flanders, to meet up with the army of the Duke of Parma. The Duke of Medina Sidonia decides to return to Spain.
August 12 – The fleeing Spanish fleet sails past the Firth of Forth, and the English call off their pursuit. Much of the Spanish fleet is destroyed by storms, as it sails for home around Scotland and Ireland.
October 7 – The first biography of Nicolaus Copernicus (d.1543) is completed by Bernardino Baldi.
December 5 – The Order of Augustinian Recollects is formally recognised as a separate province from the Order of Saint Augustine, an event later known as the Día de la Recolección or Day of Recollection.
December 23 – Henry III of France strikes his ultra-Catholic enemies, having the Duke of Guise and his brother, Louis II, Cardinal of Guise, killed, and holding the Cardinal de Bourbon a prisoner. As a result, large parts of France reject Henry III as their king, forcing him to side with Henry of Navarre.

July is the seventh month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars and the fourth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. It was named by the Roman Senate in honour of Roman general Julius Caesar, it being the month of his birth. Prior to that, it was called Quintilis, being the fifth month of the 10-month calendar.

July 31 is the 212th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 153 days remaining until the end of the year.

Plymouth is a port city situated on the south coast of Devon, England, approximately 37 miles (60 km) south-west of Exeter and 190 miles (310 km) west-south-west of London. Enclosing the city are the mouths of the river Plym and river Tamar, which are naturally incorporated into Plymouth Sound to form a boundary with Cornwall.

Date unknown

William Morgan's Welsh translation of the Bible is published.^[1]
The Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I of England is created, to celebrate the English defeat of the Spanish Armada, and to assert the strength of Elizabeth herself.

William Morgan (Bible translator) Bishop of Llandaff and of St Asaph, and translator of the Bible into Welsh

William Morgan was Bishop of Llandaff and of St Asaph, and the translator of the first version of the whole Bible into Welsh from Greek and Hebrew.

The Bible has been translated into many languages from the biblical languages of Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek. As of October 2017 the full Bible has been translated into 670 languages, the New Testament has been translated into 1,521 languages and Bible portions or stories into 1,121 other languages. Thus at least some portion of the Bible has been translated into 3,312 languages.

The Armada Portrait of Elizabeth I of England is the name of any of three surviving versions of an allegorical panel painting depicting the Tudor queen surrounded by symbols of imperial majesty against a backdrop representing the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588.