1595

1595 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1595; MDXCV
Ab urbe condita	2348
Armenian calendar	1044; ԹՎ ՌԽԴ
Assyrian calendar	6345
Balinese saka calendar	1516–1517
Bengali calendar	1002
Berber calendar	2545
English Regnal year	37 Eliz. 1 – 38 Eliz. 1
Buddhist calendar	2139
Burmese calendar	957
Byzantine calendar	7103–7104
Chinese calendar	甲午年 (Wood Horse); 4291 or 4231; — to —; 乙未年 (Wood Goat); 4292 or 4232
Coptic calendar	1311–1312
Discordian calendar	2761
Ethiopian calendar	1587–1588
Hebrew calendar	5355–5356
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1651–1652
- Shaka Samvat	1516–1517
- Kali Yuga	4695–4696
Holocene calendar	11595
Igbo calendar	595–596
Iranian calendar	973–974
Islamic calendar	1003–1004
Japanese calendar	Bunroku 4; (文禄４年)
Javanese calendar	1515–1516
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 10 days
Korean calendar	3928
Minguo calendar	317 before ROC ; 民前317年
Nanakshahi calendar	127
Thai solar calendar	2137–2138
Tibetan calendar	阳木马年; (male Wood-Horse); 1721 or 1340 or 568; — to —; 阴木羊年; (female Wood-Goat); 1722 or 1341 or 569

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	15th century ; 16th century ; 17th century ;
Decades:	1570s ; 1580s ; 1590s ; 1600s ; 1610s ;
Years:	1592 ; 1593 ; 1594 ; 1595 ; 1596 ; 1597 ; 1598 ;

Last updated November 07, 2019

1595 ( MDXCV ) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. As of the start of 1595, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar.

Roman numerals Numbers in the Roman numeral system

Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet. Modern usage employs seven symbols, each with a fixed integer value:

A common year starting on Sunday is any non-leap year that begins on Sunday, 1 January, and ends on Sunday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is A. The most recent year of such kind was 2017 and the next one will be 2023 in the Gregorian calendar, or, likewise, 2018 and 2029 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see below for more. Any common year that starts on Sunday, Monday or Tuesday has two Friday the 13ths. This common year contains two Friday the 13ths in January and October.

The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most of the world. It is named after Pope Gregory XIII, who introduced it in October 1582.

Events

January–June

January – Mehmed III succeeds Murad III, as sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
January 17 – During the French Wars of Religion, Henry IV of France declares war on Spain.
April 8 (March 29 O.S.) – Combined Taungoo–Lan Na armies break the rebel Thado Dhamma Yaza's siege of Taungoo, in modern-day Myanmar.
May 18 – The Treaty of Teusina brings to an end the Russo-Swedish War (1590–95).
May 24 – The Nomenclator of Leiden University Library appears, the first printed catalog of an institutional library.
June 9 – Battle of Fontaine-Française: Henry IV of France defeats the Spanish, but is nearly killed due to his rashness.

January is the first month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars and the first of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The first day of the month is known as New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the Northern Hemisphere and the warmest month of the year within most of the Southern Hemisphere. In the Southern hemisphere, January is the seasonal equivalent of July in the Northern hemisphere and vice versa.

Mehmed III was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1595 until his death in 1603.

Murad III was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1574 until his death in 1595.

July–December

July 21 – A Spanish expedition led by navigator and explorer Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira makes the first European landing in Polynesia, on the Marquesas Islands.
July 23 – The Spanish raid Cornwall, England.^[1]
August 23 – Battle of Calugareni: The Wallachians, led by Michael the Brave, accomplish a great tactical victory against the vast army of the Turks, numbering over 150,000 men, led by Sinan Pasha.
August 28 – Sir Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins depart from England, on their final voyage to the Spanish Main, which ends in both of their deaths.^[2]
September 2 – Battle of the Lippe (Eighty Years' War): Spanish cavalry, led by Cristóbal de Mondragón (aged over 80), defeat combined forces of the Dutch Republic and England led by Philip of Nassau (who dies of wounds received), on the banks of the river Lippe in Germany.
October 26 – Battle of Giurgiu: Michael the Brave, led by Transylvanian Prince Sigismund Báthory, again defeats the Turkish army led by Sinan Pasha, pushing them on the east side of the Danube.
December 9 – Probable first performance of William Shakespeare's Richard II in London.
December 14 – Sultan Murad, 4th son of Emperor Akbar of the Mughal Empire invades Ahmednagar Sultanate which is defended by Chand Bibi.

July 21 is the 202nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. 163 days remain until the end of the year.

A navigator is the person on board a ship or aircraft responsible for its navigation. The navigator's primary responsibility is to be aware of ship or aircraft position at all times. Responsibilities include planning the journey, advising the ship's captain or aircraft commander of estimated timing to destinations while en route, and ensuring hazards are avoided. The navigator is in charge of maintaining the aircraft or ship's nautical charts, nautical publications, and navigational equipment, and he/she generally has responsibility for meteorological equipment and communications. With the advent of GPS, the effort required to accurately determine one's position has decreased by orders of magnitude, so the entire field has experienced a revolutionary transition since the 1990s with traditional navigation tasks being used less frequently.

Exploration is the act of searching for the purpose of discovery of information or resources. Exploration occurs in all non-sessile animal species, including humans. In human history, its most dramatic rise was during the Age of Discovery when European explorers sailed and charted much of the rest of the world for a variety of reasons. Since then, major explorations after the Age of Discovery have occurred for reasons mostly aimed at information discovery.

Date unknown

The Austrians incite a rebellion against the Ottomans in Bulgaria.
The Riksdag of the Estates at Söderköping in Sweden elects the Lutheran Duke Charles as the country's regent, in place of Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland and Sweden.
Sir Walter Raleigh travels up the Orinoco River, in search of the fabled city of El Dorado .^[2]
Probable first performance of William Shakespeare's plays Romeo and Juliet and A Midsummer Night's Dream in London.^[1]
Many sugar plantations in São Tomé are destroyed by a large slave uprising^[3]

Austria, officially the Republic of Austria, is a land-locked country in Central Europe composed of nine federated states (Bundesländer), one of which is Vienna, Austria's capital and its largest city. Austria occupies an area of 83,879 km² (32,386 sq mi) and has a population of nearly 9 million people. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. While German is the country's official language, many Austrians communicate informally in a variety of Bavarian dialects.

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. The capital and largest city is Sofia; other major cities are Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas. With a territory of 110,994 square kilometres (42,855 sq mi), Bulgaria is Europe's 16th-largest country.

Riksdag of the Estates was the name used for the Estates of Sweden when they were assembled. Until its dissolution in 1866, the institution was the highest authority in Sweden next to the King. It was a Diet made up of the Four Estates, which historically were the lines of division in Swedish society: