Related Research Articles
Progestogens, also sometimes written progestagens or gestagens, are a class of natural or synthetic steroid hormones that bind to and activate the progesterone receptors (PR). Progesterone is the major and most important progestogen in the body. The progestogens are named for their function in maintaining pregnancy, although they are also present at other phases of the estrous and menstrual cycles.
Cytochrome P450 17A1 is an enzyme of the hydroxylase type that in humans is encoded by the CYP17A1 gene on chromosome 10. It is ubiquitously expressed in many tissues and cell types, including the zona reticularis and zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex as well as gonadal tissues. It has both 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase activities, and is a key enzyme in the steroidogenic pathway that produces progestins, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. More specifically, the enzyme acts upon pregnenolone and progesterone to add a hydroxyl (-OH) group at carbon 17 position (C17) of the steroid D ring, or acts upon 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and 17α-hydroxypregnenolone to split the side-chain off the steroid nucleus.
In enzymology, a 17α-hydroxyprogesterone aldolase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme 2-hydroxyisoflavanone dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.105) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme 2-methylcitrate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.79) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme 2-methylisocitrate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.99) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme cyanide hydratase (EC 4.2.1.66) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme cyclohexyl-isocyanide hydratase (EC 4.2.1.103) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme gluconate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.39) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme maleate hydratase (EC 4.2.1.31) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme mannonate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.8) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme(R)-2-methylmalate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.35) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme (S)-2-methylmalate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.34) catalyzes the chemical reaction:
The enzyme scytalone dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.94) catalyzes the chemical reaction
The enzyme (S)-norcoclaurine synthase (EC 4.2.1.78) catalyzes the chemical reaction
Algestone (INN), also known as alphasone or alfasone, as well as dihydroxyprogesterone, is a progestin which was never marketed. Another progestin, algestone acetophenide, in contrast, has been marketed as a hormonal contraceptive.
Phyllocladan-16α-ol synthase (EC 4.2.3.45, PaDC1) is an enzyme with systematic name (+)-copalyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (phyllocladan-16α-ol-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Hydro-lyases are a type of enzyme. As lyases, hydro-lyases cleave various chemical bonds by means other than hydrolysis and oxidation. Examples of specific hydro-lyases include carbonic anhydrase and fumarase.
16α-Hydroxyprogesterone (16α-OHP), also known as 16α-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, is a minor endogenous progestogen steroid hormone and a metabolite of progesterone that is formed in lower amounts than 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP). It occurs in micromolar concentrations and its physiological relevance hence is questionable. However, it may accumulate in target tissues and could have a physiological role in the reproductive system and mammary gland development as well as the cardiovascular and central nervous systems.
References
- Glass TL, Lamppa RS (1985). "Purification and properties of 16 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone dehydroxylase from Eubacterium sp. strain 144". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 837 (2): 103–10. doi:10.1016/0005-2760(85)90232-2. PMID 4052439.
