1791

1791 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1791; MDCCXCI
Ab urbe condita	2544
Armenian calendar	1240; ԹՎ ՌՄԽ
Assyrian calendar	6541
Balinese saka calendar	1712–1713
Bengali calendar	1198
Berber calendar	2741
British Regnal year	31 Geo. 3 – 32 Geo. 3
Buddhist calendar	2335
Burmese calendar	1153
Byzantine calendar	7299–7300
Chinese calendar	庚戌年 (Metal Dog); 4487 or 4427; — to —; 辛亥年 (Metal Pig); 4488 or 4428
Coptic calendar	1507–1508
Discordian calendar	2957
Ethiopian calendar	1783–1784
Hebrew calendar	5551–5552
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1847–1848
- Shaka Samvat	1712–1713
- Kali Yuga	4891–4892
Holocene calendar	11791
Igbo calendar	791–792
Iranian calendar	1169–1170
Islamic calendar	1205–1206
Japanese calendar	Kansei 3; (寛政３年)
Javanese calendar	1717–1718
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 11 days
Korean calendar	4124
Minguo calendar	121 before ROC ; 民前121年
Nanakshahi calendar	323
Thai solar calendar	2333–2334
Tibetan calendar	阳金狗年; (male Iron-Dog); 1917 or 1536 or 764; — to —; 阴金猪年; (female Iron-Pig); 1918 or 1537 or 765

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	17th century ; 18th century ; 19th century ;
Decades:	1770s ; 1780s ; 1790s ; 1800s ; 1810s ;
Years:	1788 ; 1789 ; 1790 ; 1791 ; 1792 ; 1793 ; 1794 ;

Last updated July 27, 2019

January 2: Big Bottom massacre BigBottomMassacreIllustration.jpg — January 2: Big Bottom massacre

1791 ( MDCCXCI ) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar , the 1791st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 791st year of the 2nd millennium , the 91st year of the 18th century , and the 2nd year of the 1790s decade. As of the start of 1791, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Roman numerals Numbers in the Roman numeral system

Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet. Modern usage employs seven symbols, each with a fixed integer value:

A common year is a calendar year with 365 days, as distinguished from a leap year, which has 366. More generally, a common year is one without intercalation. The Gregorian calendar,, employs both common years and leap years to keep the calendar aligned with the tropical year, which does not contain an exact number of days.

A common year starting on Saturday is any non-leap year that begins on Saturday, 1 January, and ends on Saturday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is B. Examples include 1977, 1983, 1994, 2005, 2011 and 2022 in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 2017 and 2023 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see below for more. Any common year that starts on Wednesday, Friday or Saturday has only one Friday the 13th; The only Friday the 13th in this common year occurs in May. Leap years starting on Friday share this characteristic.

Events

January–March

January 2 – Big Bottom massacre in the Ohio Country, marking the beginning of the Northwest Indian War.
January 12 – Holy Roman troops reenter Liège, heralding the end of the Liège Revolution, and the restoration of its Prince-Bishops.
January 25 – The British Parliament passes the Constitutional Act 1791, splitting the old province of Quebec into Upper and Lower Canada.
February 8 – The Bank of the United States, based in Philadelphia, is incorporated by the federal government with a 20-year charter and started with $10,000,000 capital. ^[1]
February 21 – The United States opens diplomatic relations with Portugal.
March 2 – French Revolution:
- The abolition of guilds is enacted.
- A mechanical semaphore line for rapid long-distance communication is demonstrated by Claude Chappe in Paris.
A guild is an association of artisans or merchants who oversee the practice of their craft/trade in a particular area. The earliest types of guild formed as a confraternities of tradesmen, normally operating in a single city and covering a single trade. They were organized in a manner something between a professional association, a trade union, a cartel, and a secret society. They sometimes depended on grants of letters patent from a monarch or other ruler to enforce the flow of trade to their self-employed members, and to retain ownership of tools and the supply of materials, but were generally regulated by the city government. A lasting legacy of traditional guilds are the guildhalls constructed and used as guild meeting-places. Guild members found guilty of cheating on the public would be fined or banned from the guild.
Claude Chappe was a French inventor who in 1792 demonstrated a practical semaphore system that eventually spanned all of France. His system consisted of a series of towers, each within line of sight of others, each supporting a wooden mast with two crossarms on pivots that could be placed in various positions. The operator in a tower moved the arms to a sequence of positions, spelling out text messages in semaphore code. The operator in the next tower read the message through a telescope, then passed it on to the next tower. This was the first practical telecommunications system of the industrial age, and was used until the 1850s when electric telegraph systems replaced it.
March 4 – Vermont is admitted, as the 14th U.S. state.
March 13 – Thomas Paine's chief work Rights of Man (first part) is published in London.^[2]
March – French Revolution: In France, the National Constituent Assembly accepts the recommendation of its Commission of Weights and Measures, that the nation should adopt the metric system.

January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. 363 days remain until the end of the year.

The Big Bottom massacre occurred on January 2, 1791, near present-day Stockport now in Morgan County, Ohio, United States. It is considered part of the Northwest Indian Wars, in which aboriginal Americans in the Ohio Country confronted American settlers, regular soldiers and militia, seeking to expel them from their territory.

The Northwest Indian War (1785–1795), also known as the Ohio War, Little Turtle's War, and by other names, was a war between the United States and a confederation of numerous Native American tribes, with support from the British, for control of the Northwest Territory. It followed centuries of conflict over this territory, first among Native American tribes, and then with the added shifting alliances among the tribes and the European powers of France and Great Britain, and their colonials.

April–June

April 21 – The first of forty boundary stones, delineating the borders of the new District of Columbia in the United States, is laid at Jones Point Light, in Alexandria, Virginia.
May 3 – The Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth proclaims the Constitution of May 3, 1791, the first modern codified constitution in Europe.
June 20 – French Revolution – Flight to Varennes: The French Royal Family is captured when they try to flee in disguise.
June 21 – The Ordnance Survey is founded in Great Britain.^[3]

April 21 is the 111th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. 254 days remain until the end of the year.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States. Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country, Washington was named after George Washington, the first president of the United States and a Founding Father. As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations, Washington is an important world political capital. The city, located on the Potomac River bordering Maryland and Virginia, is one of the most visited cities in the world, with more than 20 million tourists annually.

The Jones Point Light is a small river lighthouse located on the Potomac River in Alexandria, Virginia. It was built in 1855. It is a small, one-story house with a lantern on top and served primarily as a warning light for naval ships approaching the Washington Navy Yard. The lighthouse was discontinued in 1926, replaced by a small steel skeletal tower located nearby; this smaller tower was in use for ten years before being discontinued. After being dark for more than half a century, Jones Point Light was relit by a private concern in 1995, however, it was eventually put out again after ownership switched from the Daughters of the American Revolution Foundation to the National Park Service. Certain local efforts have called for the structure to be relit, but as of 2017, the only working lighthouse on the Potomac River is the Fort Washington Point Lighthouse, located five miles downriver.

July–September

Date	Events	Photos
Wednesday, July 8	Composer Joseph Haydn is awarded an honorary doctorate of music at the University of Oxford.
Wednesday, July 11	The ashes of Voltaire are transferred to the Panthéon .
Sunday, July 14	The Priestley Riots against Dissenters break out in Birmingham, England.
Sunday, July 17	French Revolution: The Champ de Mars Massacre occurs.
Sunday, August 4	The Treaty of Sistova is signed, ending the Ottoman–Habsburg wars.
Sunday, August 6	The Brandenburg Gate in Berlin is finished.
Sunday, August 7	George Hammond is appointed as Great Britain's first minister to the United States. ^[1]
Sunday, August 21	Haitian Revolution: A slave rebellion breaks out in the French colony of Saint-Domingue.
Sunday, August 26	John Fitch is granted a patent for the steamboat in the United States.
Sunday, August 27	Declaration of Pillnitz - A proclamation by Frederick William II of Prussia and Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor Leopold II, affirms their wish to "put the King of France in a state to strengthen the bases of monarchic government."
Sunday, September 6	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's opera seria , La clemenza di Tito , premières at the Estates Theatre in Prague to mark the coronation of Leopold II as King of Bohemia.
Sunday, September 9	The capital of the United States, Washington, D.C., is named after President George Washington.
Sunday, September 13	French Revolution: Louis XVI of France accepts the final version of the completed constitution.
Sunday, September 14	French Revolution: The Papal States lose Avignon to Revolutionary France.
Sunday, September 25	Mission Santa Cruz is founded by Father Fermín Lasuén, becoming the 12th mission in the California mission chain.
Sunday, September 28	French Revolution: The law on Jewish emancipation is promulgated in France, the first such legislation in modern Europe.
Sunday, September 30	Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's singspiel opera The Magic Flute (Die Zauberflöte) premières at the Freihaus-Theater auf der Wieden in Vienna.

October–December

October – French Revolution: The Legislative Assembly (France) convenes.
October 9 – Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad is founded by Father Fermín Lasuén, becoming the 13th mission in the California mission chain.
October 28 – French Revolution: The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen is published in France.
November 4 – St. Clair's Defeat, the worst loss suffered by the United States Army in fighting against American Indians, takes place in what is now Mercer County, Ohio. Miami fighters led by Chief Mihsihkinaahkwa (Little Turtle) and by Shawnee warriors commanded by War Chief Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket) rout the forces of General Arthur St. Clair and kill 630 U.S. soldiers, along with hundreds of civilians. ^[4]
December 4 – The first issue of The Observer , the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published in London.
December 5 – Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart dies aged 35 at his home in Vienna, perhaps of acute rheumatic fever, and is buried two days later.
December 15 – Ratification by the states of the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution is completed, creating the United States Bill of Rights. Two additional amendments remain pending, and one of these is finally ratified in 1992, becoming the Twenty-seventh Amendment.
December 23 – Pale of Settlement established by ukase of Catherine the Great, specifying those areas of the Russian Empire in which Jews are permitted permanent residency.

October tenth month in the Julian and Gregorian calendars

October is the tenth month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian Calendars and the sixth of seven months to have a length of 31 days. The eighth month in the old calendar of Romulus c. 750 BC, October retained its name after January and February were inserted into the calendar that had originally been created by the Romans. In Ancient Rome, one of three Mundus patet would take place on October 5, Meditrinalia October 11, Augustalia on October 12, October Horse on October 15, and Armilustrium on October 19. These dates do not correspond to the modern Gregorian calendar. Among the Anglo-Saxons, it was known as Ƿinterfylleþ, because at this full moon (fylleþ) winter was supposed to begin.

The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies beginning in 1789. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, catalyzed violent periods of political turmoil, and finally culminated in a dictatorship under Napoleon who brought many of its principles to areas he conquered in Western Europe and beyond. Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history, triggering the global decline of absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and liberal democracies. Through the Revolutionary Wars, it unleashed a wave of global conflicts that extended from the Caribbean to the Middle East. Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history.

October 9 is the 282nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. 83 days remain until the end of the year.

Date unknown

The first American ship reaches Japan.
An ordinance is written barring the game of baseball within 80 yards of the Meeting House in Pittsfield, Massachusetts (first known reference to the game of baseball in North America).
The first serious secondary education school open to girls in Denmark, the Døtreskolen af 1791 , is founded in Copenhagen.
The School for the Indigent Blind, the oldest continuously operating specialist school of its kind in the world, is founded in Liverpool, England, by blind ex-merchant seaman, writer and abolitionist Edward Rushton.
The Casbah of Algiers Palace is completed.^[5]

Pittsfield is the largest city and the historic county seat of Berkshire County, Massachusetts, United States. It is the principal city of the Pittsfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of Berkshire County. The population was 44,737 at the 2010 census. Although the population has declined in recent decades, Pittsfield remains the third largest municipality in western Massachusetts, behind only Springfield and Chicopee.

Døtreskolen af 1791 was a girls' school active in Copenhagen, Denmark from 1791 until 1899. It is considered one of the first schools in Denmark to give secondary education to females. Several well known people were students at Døtreskolen, including the educational pioneer Annestine Beyer.

The Royal School for the Blind in Liverpool, England, is the oldest specialist school of its kind in the UK, having been founded in 1791. Only the Paris school is older, but the Royal School for the Blind is the oldest school in the world in continuous operation, and the first in the world founded by a blind person, Edward Rushton, who was also an anti-slavery campaigner. It was also the first school in the world to offer education and training to blind adults as well as children.

Births

January 15 – Franz Grillparzer, Austrian writer (d. 1872)
January 28 – Ferdinand Hérold, French composer (d. 1833)
February 12 – Peter Cooper, American industrialist, inventor and philanthropist (d. 1883)
February 21
- Carl Czerny, Austrian composer (d. 1857)
- John Mercer, English chemist, industrialist (d. 1866)
March 20 – Marie Ellenrieder, German painter (d. 1863)
March 31 – Franciszek Mirecki, Polish composer, music conductor, and music teacher (d. 1862)
April 23 – James Buchanan, 15th President of the United States (d. 1868)
April 27 – Samuel Morse, American inventor (d. 1872)
June 1 – John Nelson (lawyer), American lawyer (d. 1860)
June 30 – Félix Savart, French physicist (d. 1841)
July 26 – Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, Austrian composer, pianist (d. 1844)
September 5 – Giacomo Meyerbeer, German composer (d. 1864)
September 21 – István Széchenyi, Hungarian politician, writer (d. 1860)
September 22 – Michael Faraday, British scientist (d. 1867)
September 23
- Theodor Körner, German author, soldier (d. 1813)
- Johann Franz Encke, German astronomer (d. 1865)
September 26 – Théodore Géricault, French painter (d. 1824)
October 29 – John Elliotson, British physician (d. 1868)
November 11 – Josef Munzinger, member of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1855)
December 7 – Ferenc Novák Hungarian Slovene writer (d. 1836)
December 26 – Charles Babbage, British mathematician, inventor (d. 1871)

Date Unknown

Enriqueta Favez, Swiss physician, surgeon (d. 1856)

Deaths

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Croce-Mozart-Detail.jpg — Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

January 11 – William Williams Pantycelyn, Welsh hymnist (b. 1717)
January 23 – Johann Phillip Fabricius, German missionary (b. 1711)
March 2 – John Wesley, English founder of Methodism (b. 1703)
March 10 – William Wentworth, 2nd Earl of Strafford (1722–1791), England (b. 1722)
March 14 – Johann Salomo Semler, German historian, Bible commentator (b. 1725)
March 31 – Ralph Verney, 2nd Earl Verney of Ireland (b. 1714)
April 2 – Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, French revolutionary leader (b. 1749)
April 19 – Richard Price, Welsh philosopher (b. 1723)
April 24 – Benjamin Harrison V, signer of the American Declaration of Independence (b. 1726)
May 9 – Francis Hopkinson, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1737)
June 5 – Frederick Haldimand, Swiss-born British colonial governor (b. 1718)
June 10 – Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte, French admiral (b. 1720)
June 17 – Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, English Methodist leader (b. 1707)
June 30 – Jean-Baptiste Descamps, Flemish painter and art historian (b. 1714)
July 9 – Jacques-Nicolas Tardieu, French engraver (b. 1716)
July 17 – Martin Dobrizhoffer, Austrian Jesuit missionary (b. 1717)
July 25 – Isaac Low, American delegate to the Continental Congress (b. 1735)
August 22 – Johann David Michaelis, German biblical scholar and teacher (b. 1717)
September 25 – William Bradford, American printer (b. 1719)
October 7 – Mary Frances of the Five Wounds, Italian Franciscan saint (b. 1715)
October 12
- Anna Louisa Karsch, German poet (b. 1722)
- Peter Oliver, Massachusetts colonial judge (b. 1713)
October 16 – Grigory Potemkin, Russian military leader, statesman, nobleman and favourite of Catherine the Great (b. 1739)
November 4 – Richard Butler, American soldier (b. 1743)
November 16 – Edward Penny, British painter (b. 1714)
December 5 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer (b. 1756)
December 12
- Etteilla, French occult cartomancer (b. 1738)
- Catharina Freymann, Norwegian pietist leader (b. 1708)
December 13 – Mathieu Tillet, French botanist (b. 1714)
December 19 – Jean-François de Neufforge, Flemish architect and engraver (b. 1714)
December 27 – John Monro, British physician of Bethlem Hospital (b. 1716)
date unknown– Maria Petraccini, Italian anatomist, physician (b. 1759)

Related Research Articles

The 18th century lasted from January 1, 1701 to December 31, 1800. During the 18th century, elements of Enlightenment thinking culminated in the American, French, and Haitian revolutions. This was an age of violent slave trading, and global human trafficking. The reactions against monarchical and aristocratic power helped fuel the revolutionary responses against it throughout the century.

1788 (MDCCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1788th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 788th year of the 2nd millennium, the 88th year of the 18th century, and the 9th year of the 1780s decade. As of the start of 1788, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1787 (MDCCLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1787th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 787th year of the 2nd millennium, the 87th year of the 18th century, and the 8th year of the 1780s decade. As of the start of 1787, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1782 (MDCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1782nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 782nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 82nd year of the 18th century, and the 3rd year of the 1780s decade. As of the start of 1782, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1829 (MDCCCXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1829th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 829th year of the 2nd millennium, the 29th year of the 19th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1820s decade. As of the start of 1829, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1792 (MDCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1792nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 792nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 92nd year of the 18th century, and the 3rd year of the 1790s decade. As of the start of 1792, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1800 (MDCCC) was an exceptional common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1800th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 800th year of the 2nd millennium, the 100th and last year of the 18th century, and the 1st year of the 1800s decade. As of the start of 1800, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. As of March 1, when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 12 days until February 28, 1900.

1803 (MDCCCIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1803rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 803rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 3rd year of the 19th century, and the 4th year of the 1800s decade. As of the start of 1803, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1793 (MDCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1793rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 793rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 93rd year of the 18th century, and the 4th year of the 1790s decade. As of the start of 1793, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. The French Republic introduced the French Revolutionary Calendar starting with the year I.

1799 (MDCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1799th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 799th year of the 2nd millennium, the 99th year of the 18th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1790s decade. As of the start of 1799, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1795 (MDCCXCV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1795th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 795th year of the 2nd millennium, the 95th year of the 18th century, and the 6th year of the 1790s decade. As of the start of 1795, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1780 (MDCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1780th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 780th year of the 2nd millennium, the 80th year of the 18th century, and the 1st year of the 1780s decade. As of the start of 1780, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1734 (MDCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1734th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 734th year of the 2nd millennium, the 34th year of the 18th century, and the 5th year of the 1730s decade. As of the start of 1734, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1722 (MDCCXXII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1722nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 722nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 22nd year of the 18th century, and the 3rd year of the 1720s decade. As of the start of 1722, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1654 (MDCLIV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1654th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 654th year of the 2nd millennium, the 54th year of the 17th century, and the 5th year of the 1650s decade. As of the start of 1654, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1714 (MDCCXIV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1714th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 714th year of the 2nd millennium, the 14th year of the 18th century, and the 5th year of the 1710s decade. As of the start of 1714, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1659 (MDCLIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1659th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 659th year of the 2nd millennium, the 59th year of the 17th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1650s decade. As of the start of 1659, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1712 (MDCCXII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1712th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 712th year of the 2nd millennium, the 12th year of the 18th century, and the 3rd year of the 1710s decade. As of the start of 1712, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. In the Swedish calendar it began as a leap year starting on Monday and remained so until Thursday, February 29. By adding a second leap day Sweden reverted to the Julian calendar and the rest of the year was in sync with the Julian calendar. Sweden finally made the switch from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar in 1753. This year has 367 days.

The year 1791 in music involved some significant events.

1776 (MDCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1776th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 776th year of the 2nd millennium, the 76th year of the 18th century, and the 7th year of the 1770s decade. As of the start of 1776, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

References

1 2 Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909, ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p169
↑ The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
↑ "A short history of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain" (PDF).
↑ Robert M. Owens, Red Dreams, White Nightmares: Pan-Indian Alliances in the Anglo-American Mind, 1763–1815 (University of Oklahoma Press, 2015)
↑ "Interior of Governors Palace, Algiers, Algeria". World Digital Library . 1899. Retrieved September 25, 2013.