1830

This article is about the year 1830. For the board game, see 1830 (board game). For the computer game, see 1830: Railroads & Robber Barons.

July 27: The July Revolution starts in France and overthrows King Charles X.

May 28: U.S. government relocation of thousands of Native Americans begins with signing of the Indian Removal Act.

1830 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1830 MDCCCXXX
Ab urbe condita	2583
Armenian calendar	1279 ԹՎ ՌՄՀԹ
Assyrian calendar	6580
Balinese saka calendar	1751–1752
Bengali calendar	1236–1237
Berber calendar	2780
British Regnal year	10  Geo. 4  – 1  Will. 4
Buddhist calendar	2374
Burmese calendar	1192
Byzantine calendar	7338–7339
Chinese calendar	己丑年 (Earth  Ox) 4527 or 4320     — to — 庚寅年 (Metal  Tiger) 4528 or 4321
Coptic calendar	1546–1547
Discordian calendar	2996
Ethiopian calendar	1822–1823
Hebrew calendar	5590–5591
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1886–1887
- Shaka Samvat	1751–1752
- Kali Yuga	4930–4931
Holocene calendar	11830
Igbo calendar	830–831
Iranian calendar	1208–1209
Islamic calendar	1245–1246
Japanese calendar	Bunsei 13 / Tenpō 1 (天保元年)
Javanese calendar	1757–1758
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4163
Minguo calendar	82 before ROC 民前82年
Nanakshahi calendar	362
Thai solar calendar	2372–2373
Tibetan calendar	ས་མོ་གླང་ལོ་ (female Earth-Ox) 1956 or 1575 or 803     — to — ལྕགས་ཕོ་སྟག་ལོ་ (male Iron-Tiger) 1957 or 1576 or 804

1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar  and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1830th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 830th year of the 2nd millennium, the 30th year of the 19th century, and the 1st year of the 1830s decade. As of the start of 1830, the Gregorian calendar was 12days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy. ^{[1] [2]}

Events

January–March

• January 11 – LaGrange College (later the University of North Alabama) begins operation, becoming the first publicly chartered college in Alabama.
• January 12 – Webster–Hayne debate: In the United States Congress, Robert Y. Hayne of South Carolina debates against Daniel Webster of Massachusetts about the question of states' rights vs. federal authority. The debate lasts until –January 27.
• February 3 – The London Protocol establishes the full independence and sovereignty of Greece from the Ottoman Empire, as the result of the Greek War of Independence.
• February 5 – A fire destroys the Argyll Rooms in London, where the Philharmonic Society of London presents concerts, but firefighters are able to prevent its further spread by use of their new equipment, steam-powered fire engines. ^[3]
• March 26 – The Book of Mormon , subtitled "An Account Written by the Hand of Mormon, Upon Plates Taken from the Plates of Nephi", is first published, with E. B. Grandin printing the original edition in Palmyra, New York.
• March 28 – The Java War ends.

April–June

March 26: The Book of Mormon is first published, 11 days before the Church of Latter Day Saints is formally organized.

• April 6 – Joseph Smith and five others organize the Church of Christ (later renamed the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints), the first formally organized church of the Latter Day Saint movement, in northwestern New York.
• May 13 – Ecuador separates from Gran Colombia.
• May 15 – The Royal Swedish Yacht Club (KSSS) is founded.
• May 28 – The Indian Removal Act is signed into law by U.S. President Andrew Jackson, beginning the "Trail of Tears" with the forced relocation of more than 60,000 Indigenous Americans from the Cherokee, Muscogee (Creek), Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw nations from the southeastern United States to what is now the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The relocation is accomplished by the end of 1838. In addition to the five tribes, thousands of Indian-owned black slaves are moved as well, and the move has the effect of beginning mass destruction of bison in North America. ^[4]
• June 12 – 7.5 magnitude earthquake kills more than 7,400 people in the Chinese province of Hebei.
• June 26 – William IV succeeds his brother George IV, as King of the United Kingdom. ^[5]

July–September

• July 5 – French invasion of Algiers, leading to creation of French Algeria.
• July 13 – The General Assembly's Institution (later the Scottish Church College), one of the pioneering institutions that ushers in the Bengali Renaissance, is founded by Alexander Duff and Raja Ram Mohan Roy, in Calcutta, India.
• July 17 – Barthélemy Thimonnier is granted a French patent (#7454) for a sewing machine; it chains stitches at 200/minute.
• July 18 – Uruguay adopts its first constitution.
• July 20 – Greece grants citizenship to Romaniote Jews.
• July 26 – The July Revolution in France begins when people in Paris rebel against the July Ordinances, issued earlier in the day at Saint-Cloud by King Charles X of France.
• July 27 – "The Three Glorious Days" of the July Revolution in France begin. The Paris mob clashes with the National Guard: over the period 1,800 rioters and 300 soldiers will die.
• July 29 – "The Three Glorious Days" of the July Revolution in France end with establishment of a provisional government in Paris.
• July 31 – King Charles X of France flees to the Château de Rambouillet.
• August 2 – King Charles X abdicates the throne in favor of his grandson Henri, Count of Chambord, who never takes the throne.
• August 9 – Louis Philippe, the "Citizen King", becomes King of the French.
• August 13 – The Duc de Broglie is appointed Prime Minister of France by Louis Philippe.
• August 25 – The Belgian Revolution begins in Brussels with revolts against King William I of the Netherlands.
• August 31 – Edwin Beard Budding is granted an English patent for the invention of the lawn mower.
• September 15 – The opening of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, the world's first intercity passenger railway operated solely by steam locomotives, takes place in England, UK.
• September 26 – Belgian Revolution: The army of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands fails to retake Brussels, a National Congress is summoned to draw up a Constitution and a Provisional Government of Belgium is established under Charles Latour Rogier.

October–December

October 4: French-speaking and Flemish-speaking residents secede from the southern Netherlands to create Belgium.

• October 4 – Belgian Revolution: The Provisional Government in Brussels declares the creation of the independent state of Belgium.
• October 20 – Thomas Cochrane is granted a patent for the first airlock.
• October – The Regeneration in Switzerland begins; more liberal constitutions are adopted in most cantons.
• November 2 – Jacques Laffitte succeeds the Duc de Broglie as Prime Minister of France.
• November 8 – Ferdinand II becomes King of the Two Sicilies.
• November 22
  • The Whig Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey succeeds Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.
  • On what is now called "the Ustertag", men of the Canton of Zürich in Switzerland gather to demand a new constitution.
• November 29 – The Polish November Uprising begins in Warsaw against Russian rule.
• December 5 – Hector Berlioz's most famous work, Symphonie fantastique , has its world premiere in Paris.
• December 20 – The independence of Belgium is recognized by the Great Powers.

Date unknown

• 10,000 chests of opium are sold in China.
• Austins of Derry is established in Northern Ireland. Until closure in 2016, it is the world's oldest independent department store.
• The Entuzjastki society is founded in Poland.
• Sogo, a Japanese department store brand founded in Osaka, Japan, as predecessor part of Seven & I Retail Group. ^[6]
• In Munich, the museum Glyptothek opened.

Births

January–June

Lars Hertervig

Louise Michel

• January 7 – Albert Bierstadt, German-American painter (d. 1902)
• January 8 – Hans von Bülow, German conductor, pianist and composer (d. 1894)
• January 21 – Liu Kunyi, Chinese general (d. 1902)
• January 23 – Gaston Alexandre Auguste, Marquis de Galliffet, French general (d. 1909)
• January 31 – James G. Blaine, 28th and 31st United States Secretary of State (d. 1893)
• February 3 – Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1903)
• February 8 – Abdülaziz, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1876)
• February 16 – Lars Hertervig, Norwegian painter (d. 1902)
• March 15 – Paul Heyse, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1914)
• March 21 – Friedrich von Beck-Rzikowsky, Austrian general (d. 1920) ^[7]
• March 26 – Dewitt Clinton Senter, American politician, 18th Governor of Tennessee (d. 1898)
• May 5 – John Batterson Stetson, American hat maker (d. 1906)
• May 9 – Harriet Lane, Acting First Lady of the United States (d. 1903)
• May 10 – François-Marie Raoult, French chemist (d. 1901)
• May 14 – Antonio Annetto Caruana, Maltese archaeologist, author (d. 1905)
• May 29 – Louise Michel, French anarchist (d. 1905)
• April 9 – Eadweard Muybridge, English photographer, pioneer of photographic studies of motion (d. 1904)
• April 21 – Clémence Royer, French anthropologist (d. 1902)
• June 1 – Martha Hooper Blackler Kalopothakes, American missionary, journalist, translator (d. 1871)
• June 5 – Carmine Crocco, Italian brigand (d. 1905)
• June 22 – Theodor Leschetizky, Polish pianist, professor and composer (d. 1915)

July–December

Camille Pissarro

Christina Rossetti

Porfirio Diaz

Franz Joseph I of Austria

• July 8 – Frederick W. Seward, American politician (d. 1915)
• July 10 – Camille Pissarro, French painter (d. 1903)
• July 20 – Clements Markham, English explorer (d. 1916) ^[8]
• July 21 – John H. Lewis, American politician (d. 1929)
• July 22 – William Sooy Smith, American civil engineer and general (d. 1916)
• July 25 – John Jacob Bausch, German-American optician who co-founded Bausch & Lomb (d. 1926)
• August 18 – Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria (d. 1916)
• August 26 – Daniel Webster Jones, American Latter-day Saint pioneer (d. 1915)
• September 2 – William P. Frye, American politician (d. 1911)
• September 8 – Frédéric Mistral, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1914)
• September 12 – William Sprague IV, American politician from Rhode Island (d. 1915)
• September 15 – Porfirio Díaz, 29th President of Mexico (d. 1915)
• September 17 – Maria Theresia Bonzel, German Roman Catholic nun and saint (d. 1905)
• September 20 – Sir Edward Reed, British naval architect, author, politician, and railroad magnate (d. 1906)
• September 22 – Caroline Webster Schermerhorn Astor, prominent American socialite (d. 1908)
• October 10 – Queen Isabella II of Spain (d. 1904)
• November 7 – Emanuele Luigi Galizia, Maltese architect, civil engineer (d. 1907)
• November 8 – Oliver Otis Howard, American Civil War general (d. 1909)
• December 5 – Christina Rossetti, English poet (d. 1894)
• December 10 – Emily Dickinson, American poet (d. 1886)
• December 16 – Kálmán Tisza, 9th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1902)
• December 17 – Jules de Goncourt, French writer (d. 1870)
• December 19 – Susan Huntington Gilbert Dickinson, American writer and publisher (d. 1913)
• December 21 – Bartolomé Masó, Cuban patriot (d. 1907)

Date unknown

• Robert Abbott, Australian politician (d. 1901)
• Mary Hunt, American activist (d. 1906)
• Charles D. F. Phillips, British medical doctor (d. 1904)
• Su Sanniang, Chinese rebel (d. 1854)

Deaths

January–June

Swaminarayan

George IV

• January 7
  • Thomas Lawrence, English painter (b. 1769)
  • John Campbell, Australian public servant and politician (b. 1770)
  • Carlota Joaquina of Spain, Queen consort of Portugal (b. 1775)
• January 19 – Johann Schweighäuser, German classical scholar (b. 1742)
• January 25 – Benito de Soto, Galician pirate, executed (b. 1805)
• January 26 – Filippo Castagna, Maltese politician (b. 1765) ^[9]
• February 2 – Manoel da Costa Ataíde, Brazilian painter (b. 1762)
• February 22 – William Badger, master shipbuilder (b. 1752)
• February 23 – Jean-Pierre Norblin de La Gourdaine (Jan Piotr Norblin), French-born Polish painter (b. 1740)
• March 2 – Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring, German physician, anatomist (b. 1755)
• March 7 – Jacques Villeré, first Creole governor of Louisiana (b. 1761)
• March 16 – Sir Robert Farquhar, British merchant, colonial governor and politician (b. 1776)
• March 17 – Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr, French marshal (b. 1764)
• April 14 – Erike Kirstine Kolstad, Norwegian actress (b. 1792)
• June 1 – Swaminarayan (Sahajanand Swami), Indian yogi, central figure in Swaminarayan Hinduism (b. 1781)
• June 4 – Antonio José de Sucre, Venezuelan revolutionary leader, statesman (b. 1795)
• June 26 – King George IV of the United Kingdom (b. 1762)

July–December

William Hazlitt

• August 6 – David Walker, African-American abolitionist (b. 1796)
• August 24 – Louis Pierre Vieillot, French ornithologist (b. 1748)
• September 18 – William Hazlitt, English essayist (b. 1778)
• September 23
  • Alice Flowerdew, British teacher, poet, and hymnwriter, (b. 1759)
  • Elizabeth Monroe, First Lady of the United States (b. 1768)
• October 4 – Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg, Prussian military leader (b. 1759)
• October 5 – Dinicu Golescu, Romanian writer (b. 1777)
• October 11 – José de La Mar, military leader, President of Peru (b. 1776) ^[10]
• October 31 – Petar I Petrović-Njegoš, ruler of Montenegro (b. 1747)
• November 8 – Francis I of the Two Sicilies (b. 1777)
• November 18 – Adam Weishaupt, German philosopher (b. 1748)
• November 30 – Pope Pius VIII, Italian pontiff (b. 1761)
• December 6 – Morton Eden, 1st Baron Henley, British diplomat (b. 1752)
• December 8 – Benjamin Constant, Swiss writer (b. 1767)
• December 17 – Simón Bolívar, Venezuelan revolutionary leader, statesman (b. 1783)

Date unknown

• Temerl Bergson, Polish Jewish businesswoman, philanthropist
• Clelia Durazzo Grimaldi, Italian botanist (b. 1760)

References

1. Frederick B. Artz Reaction And Revolution 1814-1832 (1934) online
2. Church, Clive H. Europe in 1830: Revolution and political change (1983).
3. Walford, Cornelius, ed. (1876). "Fires, Great". The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance. C. and E. Layton. p. 72.
4. "Timeline of American Bison". U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Archived from the original on 2019-04-01. Retrieved 2020-06-24.
5. Cartwright, Mark (2023-01-27). "William IV of Great Britain". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2025-07-13.
6. Shimbun, The Yomiuri (1 February 2022). "Seven & i Holdings to offload department store unit". japannews.yomiuri.co.jp (in Japanese).
7. "General Friedrich Graf Beck-Rzikowsky". Hmdb.org. The Historical Marker Database. 1 February 2022. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
8. Markham, A. H. (1917). "Childhood and school-days". The Life of Sir Clements R. Markham, K.C.B., F.R.S. London: John Murray. He was the son of William Markham, of Becca Hall, Aberford, and the grandson of Dr. William Markham, who was Archbishop of York from 1777 to 1807.
9. Schiavone, Michael J. (2009). Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. 1 A–F. Pietà: Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza. pp. 546–547. ISBN   9789993291329.
10. Basadre, Jorge (2005) [First published 1939]. Historia de la República del Perú (1822 - 1933)[History of the Republic of Peru (1822 - 1933)] (in Spanish). Vol. 1 (9th ed.). Lima: El Comercio. p. 296. ISBN   978-612-306-354-2.