1838

1838 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1838; MDCCCXXXVIII
Ab urbe condita	2591
Armenian calendar	1287; ԹՎ ՌՄՁԷ
Assyrian calendar	6588
Balinese saka calendar	1759–1760
Bengali calendar	1245
Berber calendar	2788
British Regnal year	1 Vict. 1 – 2 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar	2382
Burmese calendar	1200
Byzantine calendar	7346–7347
Chinese calendar	丁酉年 (Fire Rooster); 4534 or 4474; — to —; 戊戌年 (Earth Dog); 4535 or 4475
Coptic calendar	1554–1555
Discordian calendar	3004
Ethiopian calendar	1830–1831
Hebrew calendar	5598–5599
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1894–1895
- Shaka Samvat	1759–1760
- Kali Yuga	4938–4939
Holocene calendar	11838
Igbo calendar	838–839
Iranian calendar	1216–1217
Islamic calendar	1253–1254
Japanese calendar	Tenpō 9; (天保９年)
Javanese calendar	1765–1766
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4171
Minguo calendar	74 before ROC ; 民前74年
Nanakshahi calendar	370
Thai solar calendar	2380–2381
Tibetan calendar	阴火鸡年; (female Fire-Rooster); 1964 or 1583 or 811; — to —; 阳土狗年; (male Earth-Dog); 1965 or 1584 or 812

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century ; 19th century ; 20th century ;
Decades:	1810s ; 1820s ; 1830s ; 1840s ; 1850s ;
Years:	1835 ; 1836 ; 1837 ; 1838 ; 1839 ; 1840 ; 1841 ;

Last updated March 02, 2019

1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII ) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar , the 1838th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 838th year of the 2nd millennium , the 38th year of the 19th century , and the 9th year of the 1830s decade. As of the start of 1838, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Roman numerals Numbers in the Roman numeral system

The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet. Roman numerals, as used today, employ seven symbols, each with a fixed integer value, as follows:

A common year is a calendar year with 365 days, as distinguished from a leap year, which has 366. More generally, a common year is one without intercalation. The Gregorian calendar,, employs both common years and leap years to keep the calendar aligned with the tropical year, which does not contain an exact number of days.

A common year starting on Monday is any non-leap year that begins on Monday, 1 January, and ends on Monday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is G. The most recent year of such kind was 2018 and the next one will be 2029 in the Gregorian calendar, or likewise, 2013 and 2019 in the obsolete Julian calendar. The century year, 1900, was also a common year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar. See below for more. Any common year that starts on Sunday, Monday or Tuesday has two Friday the 13ths. This common year of this type contains two Friday the 13ths in April and July. Leap years starting on Sunday share this characteristic, but also have another in January.

Events

January–March

January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and the Royal Exchange in London.
January 11 – At Morristown, New Jersey, Samuel F.B. Morse, Alfred Vail and Leonard D. Gale give the first public demonstration of Morse's new invention, the telegraph.^[1]
January 21 – The first known report about the lowest temperature on Earth is made, indicating −60 °C (−76 °F) in Yakutsk.
February 6 – Boer explorer Piet Retief and 60 of his men are massacred by King Dingane kaSenzangakhona of the Zulu people, after Retief accepts an invitation to celebrate the signing of a treaty, and his men willingly disarm as a show of good faith.^[2]
February 24 – U.S. Representatives William J. Graves of Kentucky and Jonathan Cilley of Maine face each other in a duel, with rifles at 80 yards, near Bladensburg, Maryland. On the third try, Congressman Cilley is fatally wounded, and bleeds to death.^[3]
March 13 – A combination of rain and melting snow cause the Danube River to overflow its banks, washing away villages in western Hungary, and inundating what is now Budapest. More than 150 people are drowned, and Europe's nations come to Hungary's aid, to prevent the spread of famine and disease.^[4]
March 31 – The first installment of Nicholas Nickleby , the new novel by Charles Dickens, is released as the opener of a 20-part serial in the London magazine, The Spectator.^[5]

January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 355 days remaining until the end of the year.

Lloyds Coffee House coffee shop in London, England

Lloyd's Coffee House was a significant meeting place in London in the 17th and 18th centuries.

The Royal Exchange in London was founded in the 16th century by the merchant Sir Thomas Gresham on the suggestion of his factor Richard Clough to act as a centre of commerce for the City of London. The site was provided by the City of London Corporation and the Worshipful Company of Mercers, who still jointly own the freehold. It is trapezoidal in shape and is flanked by Cornhill and Threadneedle Street, which converge at Bank junction in the heart of the City. The building's original design was inspired by a bourse Gresham had seen in Antwerp and was Britain's first specialist commercial building.

April–June

April 4 – 22 – The paddle steamer SS Sirius makes the transatlantic crossing to New York from Cork, Ireland in 18 days, though not using steam continuously.^[6]
April 8 – 23 – Isambard Kingdom Brunel's paddle steamer SS Great Western (1838) makes the transatlantic crossing to New York from Avonmouth, England, in 15 days, inaugurating a regular steamship service.^[7]
April 30 – Nicaragua declares independence from the Federal Republic of Central America.^[8]
May
- The People's Charter is drawn up in the United Kingdom, demanding universal suffrage.
- Lord Durham and his entourage arrive in Upper Canada, to investigate the cause of the 1837 rebellion in that province. This leads to Durham submitting the Durham Report to Britain.
- An insurrection breaks out in Tizimín, beginning the campaign for the independence of Yucatán from Mexico.
Chartism was a working-class movement for political reform in Britain that existed from 1838 to 1857. It took its name from the People's Charter of 1838 and was a national protest movement, with particular strongholds of support in Northern England, the East Midlands, the Staffordshire Potteries, the Black Country, and the South Wales Valleys. Support for the movement was at its highest in 1839, 1842, and 1848, when petitions signed by millions of working people were presented to the House of Commons. The strategy employed was to use the scale of support which these petitions and the accompanying mass meetings demonstrated to put pressure on politicians to concede manhood suffrage. Chartism thus relied on constitutional methods to secure its aims, though there were some who became involved in insurrectionary activities, notably in south Wales and in Yorkshire.
The concept of universal suffrage, also known as general suffrage or common suffrage, consists of the right to vote of all adult citizens, regardless of property ownership, income, race, or ethnicity, subject only to minor exceptions. In its original 19th-century usage by political reformers, universal suffrage was understood to mean only universal manhood suffrage; the vote was extended to women later, during the women's suffrage movement.
The Province of Upper Canada was a part of British Canada established in 1791 by the Kingdom of Great Britain, to govern the central third of the lands in British North America, formerly part of the Province of Quebec since 1763. Upper Canada included all of modern-day Southern Ontario and all those areas of Northern Ontario in the Pays d'en Haut which had formed part of New France, essentially the watersheds of the Ottawa River or Lakes Huron and Superior, excluding any lands within the watershed of Hudson Bay. The "upper" prefix in the name reflects its geographic position along the Great Lakes, mostly above the headwaters of the Saint Lawrence River, contrasted with Lower Canada to the northeast.
May 26 – Trail of Tears: The Cherokee Nation is forcibly relocated in the United States.
May 28 – Braulio Carrillo is sworn in as Head of State of Costa Rica, thus beginning his second term in office.
June 10 – Myall Creek massacre: 28 Indigenous Australians are killed.
June 28 – The coronation of Queen Victoria takes place at Westminster Abbey in London.^[9]

April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 271 days remaining until the end of the year.

April 22 is the 112th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 253 days remaining until the end of the year.

A paddle steamer is a steamship or riverboat powered by a steam engine that drives paddle wheels to propel the craft through the water. In antiquity, paddle wheelers followed the development of poles, oars and sails, where the first uses were wheelers driven by animals or humans.

July–September

July 4 – In the United States, the Iowa Territory is formally established, following the signing of a bill by President Martin Van Buren on June 12. In addition to Iowa, which will become a state on December 28, 1846, the Territory also includes most of what will become the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota. Robert Lucas, former Governor of Ohio, takes office as the first Territorial Governor.^[10]
August 1 – Former slaves in Jamaica are freed of their indentures.
August 6 – The Polytechnic Institution, predecessor of the University of Westminster and Britain's first polytechnic, opens in Regent Street, London.^[11]
September 7 – Grace Darling and her father rescue 13 survivors from the Forfarshire, off the Farne Islands.
September 18 – The Anti-Corn Law League is established by Richard Cobden.

July 4 is the 185th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 180 days remaining until the end of the year. The Aphelion, the point in the year when the Earth is farthest from the Sun, occurs around this date.

The Territory of Iowa was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 4, 1838, until December 28, 1846, when the southeastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Iowa. The remainder of the territory would have no organized territorial government until the Minnesota Territory was organized on March 3, 1849.

Martin Van Buren was an American statesman who served as the eighth president of the United States from 1837 to 1841. He was the first president born after the independence of the United States from the British Empire. A founder of the Democratic Party, he previously served as the ninth Governor of New York, the tenth United States Secretary of State, and the eighth Vice President of the United States. He won the 1836 presidential election with the endorsement of popular outgoing President Andrew Jackson and the organizational strength of the Democratic Party. He lost his 1840 reelection bid to Whig Party nominee William Henry Harrison, due in part to the poor economic conditions of the Panic of 1837. Later in his life, Van Buren emerged as an elder statesman and important anti-slavery leader, who led the Free Soil Party ticket in the 1848 presidential election.

October–December

October 1 – First Carlist War – Battle of Maella: Supporters of Infante Carlos, Count of Molina, are victorious.
October 5 – Killough massacre, believed to have been both the largest and last Native American attack on white settlers in East Texas. 18 casualties are either killed or carried away.
October 27 – Lilburn Boggs, Governor of Missouri, by Missouri Executive Order 44, declares Mormons to be enemies of the state, and encourages the extermination or exile of the religious minority, forcing nearly 10,000 Mormons out of the state.^[12]
November 3 – The Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce is founded (renamed The Times of India in 1861).
November 5 – Dissolution of the Federal Republic of Central America: Honduras and Costa Rica follow the example of Nicaragua and secede from the federation.^[8]
November 16 – Austria: Moravia opens the final section of Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway (Rajhrad-Brno) for exhibition (preliminary) use.
November 27 – Pastry War: Mexico is invaded by French forces.
December 16 – Battle of Blood River: The Boers win a decisive victory over the Zulus.
December
- First Anglo-Afghan War: British and Presidency armies set out from Punjab, in support of Shah Shujah Durrani's claim to the throne of Afghanistan.

October 1 is the 274th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 91 days remaining until the end of the year.

The First Carlist War was a civil war in Spain from 1833 to 1840, fought between factions over the succession to the throne and the nature of the Spanish monarchy. It was fought between supporters of the regent, Maria Christina, acting for Isabella II of Spain, and those of the late king's brother, Carlos de Borbón. The Carlists goal was the return to an absolute monarchy. Portugal, France and the United Kingdom supported the regency, and sent volunteer and even regular forces to confront the Carlist army.

The Battle of Maella was a battle of the First Carlist War, occurring on October 1, 1838, near the Aragonese town of Maella. The battle was a Carlist victory and resulted in the routing of most of the Liberal forces.

Date unknown

The Pitcairn Islands become a Crown colony of the United Kingdom, and women there are the first in the world to be granted and maintain women's suffrage.^[13]
Proteins are discovered by Gerardus Johannes Mulder.^[14] and named by Jöns Jacob Berzelius.^[15]
Friedrich Bessel makes the first accurate measurement of distance to a star.
Biblical criticism: Christian Hermann Weisse proposes the two-source hypothesis.
Duke University is established in North Carolina.
The 5th century BC bronze Chatsworth Head is acquired by the 6th Duke of Devonshire at Smyrna, from H. P. Borrell.

Births

January–June

January 4 – General Tom Thumb, American circus performer, entertainer (d. 1883)
January 6 – Max Bruch, German composer (d. 1920)
January 16 – Franz Brentano, German philosopher, psychologist (d. 1917)
January 29 – Edward W. Morley, American chemist noted for working on the Michelson–Morley experiment (d. 1923)
February 2 – John Joseph Jolly Kyle, Scots-born Argentine chemist (d. 1922)
February 6 – Henry Irving, English actor (d. 1905)
February 9 – Evelyn Wood, British field marshal, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1919)
February 10 – Gustav Oelwein, American founder of Oelwein, Iowa (d. 1913)
February 12 – Julius Dresser, American writer (d. 1893)
February 13 – Annetta Seabury Dresser, American writer (d. 1893)
February 16 – Henry Brooks Adams, American historian (d. 1918)
February 18 – Ernst Mach, Austrian physicist, philosopher (d. 1916)
March 3 – George William Hill, American astronomer (d. 1914)
March 11 – Ōkuma Shigenobu, Japanese politician (d. 1922)
March 12 – William Henry Perkin, English chemist (d. 1907)
March 15 – Alice Cunningham Fletcher, American ethnologist, anthropologist, and social scientist (d. 1923)
April 2 – Léon Gambetta, Prime Minister of France (d. 1882)
April 3 – John Willis Menard, African-American politician (d. 1893)
April 12 – John Shaw Billings, M.D., American military, medical leader (d. 1913)
April 16
- Ernest Solvay, Belgian chemist, industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1922)
- Martha McClellan Brown, American temperance movement leader (d. 1916)
April 18 – Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, French chemist (d. 1912)
April 21 – John Muir, American ecologist (d. 1914)
April 28 – Tobias Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1913)
May 6 – Alexandra Smirnoff, Finnish pomologist (d. 1913)
May 10 – John Wilkes Booth, American actor, assassin (d. 1865)
May 11 – Isabelle Bogelot, French philanthropist (d. 1923)
May 20 – Jules Méline, French statesman (d. 1925)
July full date unknown– Bass Reeves, one of the first black Deputy U.S. Marshals west of the Mississippi River (d. 1910)
June 14 – Yamagata Aritomo, Japanese field marshal, Prime Minister (d. 1922)
June 19 – Mary Cole Walling, American patriot, lecturer (d. 1925)
June 24 – Gustav von Schmoller, German economist (d. 1917)
June 27 – Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Indian author (d. 1894)

July–December

July 1 – Marie-Louise Jaÿ, French businesswoman (d. 1925)
July 6 – Vatroslav Jagić, Croatian scholar (d. 1923)
July 7 – Felice Napoleone Canevaro, Italian admiral (d. 1926)
July 8 – Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German military officer, founder of the Zeppelin Company (d. 1917)
July 11 – John Wanamaker, American merchant and religious, civic and political figure (d. 1922)
July 18 – John A. Kimberly, American entrepreneur, co-founder of Kimberly-Clark (d. 1928)
July 20 – Sir George Trevelyan, 2nd Baronet, British statesman, author (d. 1928)
September 2 – Bhaktivinoda Thakur, Indian guru, philosopher (d. 1914)
September 2 – Liliuokalani, last Queen of Hawaii (d. 1917)
September 17 – Valeriano Weyler, Spanish general (d. 1930)
September 23 – Victoria Woodhull, American woman's suffrage leader; first woman to run for U.S. President (d. 1927)
September 27 – Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Confederate brigadier general, Texas governor and president of Texas A&M University (d. 1898)
September 29 – Henry Hobson Richardson, American architect (d. 1886)
September 30 – Phoebe Jane Babcock Wait, American physician (d. 1904)
October 6 – Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Italian patriot, writer (d. 1910)
October 25 – Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875)
October 31 – King Luís I of Portugal (d. 1889)
November 1 – Khedrup Gyatso, 11th Dalai Lama (d. 1856)
November 7 – Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, French writer (d. 1889)
November 8 – Rufus Wheeler Peckham, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1909)
November 13 – Joseph F. Smith, 6th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1918)
November 20 – Hedvig Raa-Winterhjelm, pioneer Scandinavian actor (d. 1907)
November 23 – Stephanos Skouloudis, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1928)
November – Maria Flechtenmacher, Romanian writer, publicist and pedagogue (d. 1888)
December 3 – Cleveland Abbe, American meteorologist (d. 1916)
December 19 – Darinka Petrovic, Princess consort of Montenegro (d. 1892)
December 20 – Edwin Abbott Abbott, English theologian, author (d. 1926)
December 30 – Émile Loubet, 7th President of France (d. 1929)

Date unknown

Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī, Islamic teacher, writer (d. 1897)

Deaths

January–June

January 3 – Maximilian, Hereditary Prince of Saxony (b. 1759)
January 5 – Anthony Van Egmond, leader in Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837 (d. in jail) (b. 1778)
January 12 – Joshua Humphreys, American naval architect (b. 1751)
January 13 – John Scott, 1st Earl of Eldon, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1751)
February 21 – Silvestre de Sacy, French linguist (b. 1758)
February 24 – Christoph Johann von Medem, German courtier (b. 1763)
March 7 – Robert Townsend (spy), American member of the Culper Spy Ring (b. 1753)
March 13 – Poul Martin Møller, Danish philosopher (b. 1794)
March 16 – Nathaniel Bowditch, American mathematician (b. 1773)
March 23 – Michael Anckarsvärd, Swedish politician (b. 1742)
April 3 – François Carlo Antommarchi, French physician (b. 1780)
April 6 – José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, Brazilian statesman, naturalist (b. 1763)
April 9 – Piet Uys, Voortrekker leader (in battle) (b. 1797)
May – Francisco Gómez, President of El Salvador (b. 1796)
May 17 – Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, French diplomat (b. 1754)
May 19 – Sir Richard Hoare, English archaeologist (b. 1758)
May 23 – Jan Willem Janssens, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1762)
June 14 – Maximilian von Montgelas, Bavarian statesman (b. 1759)

July–December

July 19 – Christmas Evans, Welsh preacher (b. 1766)
August 1 – John Rodgers, American naval officer (b. 1772)
August 17 – Lorenzo Da Ponte, librettist for Mozart (b. 1749)
August 21 – Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer (b. 1781)
September 1 – William Clark, American explorer (b. 1770)
September 15 – Alexandra Branitskaya, Russian political activist, courtier and businessperson (b. 1754)
September 18 – Robert Smith, 1st Baron Carrington (b. 1752)
September 27 – Bernard Courtois, French chemist (b. 1777)
October 1 – Charles Tennant, Scottish chemist, industrialist (b. 1768)
October 3 – Black Hawk, Sauk Indian chief, autobiographer (b. 1767)
October 5 – Pauline Léon, French feminist, radical (b. 1768)
November 7 – Anne Grant, Scottish poet (b. 1755)
November 21 – Georges Mouton, count of Lobau, Marshal of France (b. 1770)
December 12 – Elisha Clark, American politician (b. 1752)
December 20 – Hégésippe Moreau, French writer and poet (b. 1810)

Related Research Articles

1818 (MDCCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1818th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 818th year of the 2nd millennium, the 18th year of the 19th century, and the 9th year of the 1810s decade. As of the start of 1818, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1809th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 809th year of the 2nd millennium, the 9th year of the 19th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1800s decade. As of the start of 1809, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1881st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 881st year of the 2nd millennium, the 81st year of the 19th century, and the 2nd year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1881, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1742 (MDCCXLII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1742nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 742nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 42nd year of the 18th century, and the 3rd year of the 1740s decade. As of the start of 1742, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1796 (MDCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1796th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 796th year of the 2nd millennium, the 96th year of the 18th century, and the 7th year of the 1790s decade. As of the start of 1796, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1829 (MDCCCXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1829th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 829th year of the 2nd millennium, the 29th year of the 19th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1820s decade. As of the start of 1829, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1680 (MDCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1680th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 680th year of the 2nd millennium, the 80th year of the 17th century, and the 1st year of the 1680s decade. As of the start of 1680, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1852 (MDCCCLII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1852nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 852nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 52nd year of the 19th century, and the 3rd year of the 1850s decade. As of the start of 1852, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1800 (MDCCC) was an exceptional common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1800th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 800th year of the 2nd millennium, the 100th and last year of the 18th century, and the 1st year of the 1800s decade. As of the start of 1800, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. As of March 1, when the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 12 days until 1899.

1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1821st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 821st year of the 2nd millennium, the 21st year of the 19th century, and the 2nd year of the 1820s decade. As of the start of 1821, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1851st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 851st year of the 2nd millennium, the 51st year of the 19th century, and the 2nd year of the 1850s decade. As of the start of 1851, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1830th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 830th year of the 2nd millennium, the 30th year of the 19th century, and the 1st year of the 1830s decade. As of the start of 1830, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy.

1805 (MDCCCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1805th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 805th year of the 2nd millennium, the 5th year of the 19th century, and the 6th year of the 1800s decade. As of the start of 1805, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. After thirteen years the First French Empire abolished the French Republican Calendar in favour of the Gregorian calendar.

1758 (MDCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1758th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 758th year of the 2nd millennium, the 58th year of the 18th century, and the 9th year of the 1750s decade. As of the start of 1758, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1856 (MDCCCLVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1856th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 856th year of the 2nd millennium, the 56th year of the 19th century, and the 7th year of the 1850s decade. As of the start of 1856, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1835 (MDCCCXXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1835th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 835th year of the 2nd millennium, the 35th year of the 19th century, and the 6th year of the 1830s decade. As of the start of 1835, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1817 (MDCCCXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1817th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 817th year of the 2nd millennium, the 17th year of the 19th century, and the 8th year of the 1810s decade. As of the start of 1817, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1778 (MDCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1778th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 778th year of the 2nd millennium, the 78th year of the 18th century, and the 9th year of the 1770s decade. As of the start of 1778, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1763 (MDCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1763rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 763rd year of the 2nd millennium, the 63rd year of the 18th century, and the 4th year of the 1760s decade. As of the start of 1763, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1724 (MDCCXXIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1724th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 724th year of the 2nd millennium, the 24th year of the 18th century, and the 5th year of the 1720s decade. As of the start of 1724, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

References

↑ Russell W. Burns, Communications: An International History of the Formative Years (Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2004) p84
↑ Dominique Lapierre, A Rainbow in the Night: The Tumultuous Birth of South Africa (Da Capo Press, 2009)
↑ "Cilley-Graves Duel", in Historical Dictionary of the Jacksonian Era and Manifest Destiny, by Mark R. Cheathem and Terry Corps (Rowman & Littlefield, 2016) p98
↑ Kinga Frojimovics, Géza Komoróczy, Jewish Budapest: Monuments, Rites, History (Central European University Press, 1999) p58
↑ Catherine Delafield, Serialization and the Novel in Mid-Victorian Magazines (Routledge, 2016) p6
↑ "Steamship Curaçao". Archived from the original on December 24, 2010. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
↑ "Icons, a portrait of England 1820-1840". Archived from the original on September 22, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-12.
1 2 Sandoval, Victor Hugo. "Federal Republic of Central America". Monedas de Guatemala. Retrieved 2013-11-05.
↑ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
↑ "Iowa Territory Legal Materials", by David Hanson, in Prestatehood Legal Materials: A Fifty-State Research Guide, Including New York City and the District of Columbia (The Haworth Information Press, 2006) p388
↑ "University of Westminster". London: Beginnings Project. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
↑ "Quincy, Illinois: A Temporary Refuge, 1838-39". BYU Religious Studies Center. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved 2013-10-27.
↑ "World suffrage timeline – women and the vote". New Zealand Ministry of Culture and Heritage.
↑ Mulder, G. J. (1838). "Over Proteine en hare Verbindingen en Ontledingsproducten". Natuur- en scheikundig Archief. 6: 87–162.
↑ Vickery, Hubert Bradford (1950). "The Origin of the Word Protein". Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 22 (5): 387–93. PMC 2598953 . PMID 15413335.

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[1] Russell W. Burns, Communications: An International History of the Formative Years (Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2004) p84

[2] Dominique Lapierre, A Rainbow in the Night: The Tumultuous Birth of South Africa (Da Capo Press, 2009)

[3] "Cilley-Graves Duel", in Historical Dictionary of the Jacksonian Era and Manifest Destiny, by Mark R. Cheathem and Terry Corps (Rowman & Littlefield, 2016) p98

[4] Kinga Frojimovics, Géza Komoróczy, Jewish Budapest: Monuments, Rites, History (Central European University Press, 1999) p58

[5] Catherine Delafield, Serialization and the Novel in Mid-Victorian Magazines (Routledge, 2016) p6

[6] "Steamship Curaçao". Archived from the original on December 24, 2010. Retrieved 2011-02-02.

[7] "Icons, a portrait of England 1820-1840". Archived from the original on September 22, 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-12.

[Sandoval-8] 1 2 Sandoval, Victor Hugo. "Federal Republic of Central America". Monedas de Guatemala. Retrieved 2013-11-05.

[Pocket_On_This_Day-9] Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.

[10] "Iowa Territory Legal Materials", by David Hanson, in Prestatehood Legal Materials: A Fifty-State Research Guide, Including New York City and the District of Columbia (The Haworth Information Press, 2006) p388

[11] "University of Westminster". London: Beginnings Project. Archived from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2011.

[12] "Quincy, Illinois: A Temporary Refuge, 1838-39". BYU Religious Studies Center. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved 2013-10-27.

[13] "World suffrage timeline – women and the vote". New Zealand Ministry of Culture and Heritage.

[14] Mulder, G. J. (1838). "Over Proteine en hare Verbindingen en Ontledingsproducten". Natuur- en scheikundig Archief. 6: 87–162.

[15] Vickery, Hubert Bradford (1950). "The Origin of the Word Protein". Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 22 (5): 387–93. PMC 2598953 . PMID 15413335.

Gregorian calendar	1838 MDCCCXXXVIII
Ab urbe condita	2591
Armenian calendar	1287 ԹՎ ՌՄՁԷ
Assyrian calendar	6588
Balinese saka calendar	1759–1760
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