1867

1867 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1867; MDCCCLXVII
Ab urbe condita	2620
Armenian calendar	1316; ԹՎ ՌՅԺԶ
Assyrian calendar	6617
Bahá'í calendar	23–24
Balinese saka calendar	1788–1789
Bengali calendar	1274
Berber calendar	2817
British Regnal year	30 Vict. 1 – 31 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar	2411
Burmese calendar	1229
Byzantine calendar	7375–7376
Chinese calendar	丙寅年 (Fire Tiger); 4563 or 4503; — to —; 丁卯年 (Fire Rabbit); 4564 or 4504
Coptic calendar	1583–1584
Discordian calendar	3033
Ethiopian calendar	1859–1860
Hebrew calendar	5627–5628
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1923–1924
- Shaka Samvat	1788–1789
- Kali Yuga	4967–4968
Holocene calendar	11867
Igbo calendar	867–868
Iranian calendar	1245–1246
Islamic calendar	1283–1284
Japanese calendar	Keiō 3; (慶応３年)
Javanese calendar	1795–1796
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4200
Minguo calendar	45 before ROC ; 民前45年
Nanakshahi calendar	399
Thai solar calendar	2409–2410
Tibetan calendar	阳火虎年; (male Fire-Tiger); 1993 or 1612 or 840; — to —; 阴火兔年; (female Fire-Rabbit); 1994 or 1613 or 841

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century ; 19th century ; 20th century ;
Decades:	1840s ; 1850s ; 1860s ; 1870s ; 1880s ;
Years:	1864 ; 1865 ; 1866 ; 1867 ; 1868 ; 1869 ; 1870 ;

Last updated June 21, 2019

1867 ( MDCCCLXVII ) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar , the 1867th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 867th year of the 2nd millennium , the 67th year of the 19th century , and the 8th year of the 1860s decade. As of the start of 1867, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Roman numerals Numbers in the Roman numeral system

Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet. Modern usage employs seven symbols, each with a fixed integer value:

A common year is a calendar year with 365 days, as distinguished from a leap year, which has 366. More generally, a common year is one without intercalation. The Gregorian calendar,, employs both common years and leap years to keep the calendar aligned with the tropical year, which does not contain an exact number of days.

A common year starting on Tuesday is any non-leap year that begins on Tuesday, 1 January, and ends on Tuesday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is F. The current year, 2019, is a common year starting on Tuesday in the Gregorian calendar. The last such year was 2013 and the next such year will be 2030, or, likewise, 2014 and 2025 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see below for more. Any common year that starts on Sunday, Monday or Tuesday has two Friday the 13ths. This common year contains two Friday the 13ths in September and December. Leap years starting on Monday share this characteristic. From July of the year that precedes this year until September in this type of year is the longest period that occurs without a Friday the 13th. Leap years starting on Saturday share this characteristic, from August of the common year that precedes it to October in that type of year.

Events

January–March

February 17: Suez Canal in use. SuezCanalKantara.jpg — February 17: Suez Canal in use.

January 1 – The Covington–Cincinnati Suspension Bridge opens between Cincinnati, Ohio and Covington, Kentucky in the United States, becoming the longest single-span bridge in the world. It will be renamed after its designer, John A. Roebling, in 1983.
January 8 – African-American men are granted the right to vote in the District of Columbia.
January 11 – Benito Juárez becomes Mexican president again.
January 30 – Emperor Kōmei of Japan dies suddenly, age 36, leaving his 14-year-old son to succeed as Emperor Meiji.
January 31 – Maronite nationalist leader Youssef Bey Karam ^[1] leaves Lebanon aboard a French ship, for Algeria.
February 3 – Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu abdicates, and the late Emperor Kōmei's son, Prince Mutsuhito becomes Emperor Meiji of Japan in a brief ceremony in Kyoto, ending the Late Tokugawa shogunate.
February 7 – West Virginia University is established in Morgantown, West Virginia.
February 13 – The Covering of the Senne in Brussels begins.^[2]
February 14 – Augusta Institute is founded in Augusta, Georgia, later known as Morehouse College.^[3]
February 15 – Johann Strauss II's waltz The Blue Danube (An der schönen blauen Donau) is first performed, at a concert of the Vienna Men's Choral Association. Later this year, Strauss will adapt it into its popular purely orchestral version for the Exposition Universelle in Paris.
February 17 – The first ship passes through the Suez Canal.(Is this right? There is no mention of anything happening in the Suez Canal article in 1867)
February 19 – Battle of Inlon River: The Qing Dynasty defeats the Nien rebels in Hubei, China.
February 22 – The Indiana Daily Student is established at Indiana University in Bloomington.
February 28 – After almost 20 years (1848), the United States Congress forbids taxpayer funding of diplomatic envoys to the Holy See (Vatican), and breaks off relations. Funding resumes, along with relations, in 1984.
March – The University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign is established (opened one year later).
March 1 – Nebraska is admitted as the 37th U.S. state.
March 5 – The Fenian Rising breaks out in Ireland.^[4]
March 16 – An article by Joseph Lister, outlining the discovery of antiseptic surgery, is first published in The Lancet .
March 23 – William III of the Netherlands accepts an offer of 5,000,000 guilders from Napoleon III for the sale of Luxembourg, leading to the Luxembourg Crisis.
March 29 – The British North America Act receives royal assent, forming the Dominion of Canada, in an event known as the Confederation. This unites the Province of Canada (Quebec and Ontario), New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia on July 1. Ottawa becomes the capital, and John A. Macdonald becomes the Dominion's first prime minister.
March 30 – Alaska Purchase: Alaska is purchased for $7.2 million from Alexander II of Russia, about 2 cent/acre ($4.19/km²), by United States Secretary of State William H. Seward. Newspapers call this Seward's Folly.

January 1 is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year. This day is known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. It is also the first day of the first quarter of the year and the first half of the year.

The John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge, originally known as the Cincinnati-Covington Bridge spans the Ohio River between Cincinnati, Ohio and Covington, Kentucky. When opened on December 1, 1866, it was the longest suspension bridge in the world at 1,057 feet (322 m) main span. Pedestrians use the bridge to get between the sports venues in Cincinnati and the hotels, bars, restaurants, and parking lots in Northern Kentucky. The bar and restaurant district at the foot of the bridge on the Kentucky side is known as Roebling Point.

Covington is a city in Kenton County, Kentucky, United States, located at the confluence of the Ohio and Licking Rivers. Cincinnati, Ohio, lies to its north across the Ohio and Newport, Kentucky, to its east across the Licking. Part of the Cincinnati–Northern Kentucky metropolitan area, Covington had a population of 40,640 at the time of the 2010 U.S. census, making it the fifth-most populous city in Kentucky. It is one of its county's two seats, along with Independence.

April–June

April 1 – The Strait Settlement of Singapore, formerly ruled from Calcutta, becomes a Crown colony, under the jurisdiction of the Colonial Office in London.
April 1–November 3 – Exposition Universelle, an international exhibition in Paris. Among the visitors is Abdülaziz, making the first visit of a Sultan of the Ottoman Empire to Western Europe.
April 28 – I.C. Sorosis, the first women's fraternity (sorority) founded upon the men's fraternity model, with Pi Beta Phi as its motto, is founded at Monmouth College in Monmouth, Illinois. In 1888, the motto becomes the name of the organization.
May 1 – The first political May Day march takes place in Chicago.^[5]
May 7 – Alfred Nobel patents dynamite in the United Kingdom.^[6]^[7]
May 11
- Treaty of London: The great powers of Europe reaffirm the neutrality of Luxembourg, ending the Luxembourg Crisis. The Duchy of Limburg is formally re-incorporated into the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
- Cox and Box , by Francis Burnand and Arthur Sullivan, is first publicly performed, at the Adelphi Theatre, London.
The Treaty of London, often called the Second Treaty of London after the 1839 Treaty, was an international treaty signed on 11 May 1867. Agreed to in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War and the Luxembourg Crisis, it had wide-reaching consequences for Luxembourg and for relations between Europe's Great Powers.
A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers' opinions before taking actions of their own. International relations theorists have posited that great power status can be characterized into power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions.
A neutral country is a state which is neutral towards belligerents in a specific war, or holds itself as permanently neutral in all future conflicts. As a type of non-combatant status, neutral nationals enjoy protection under the law of war from belligerent actions, to a greater extent than other non-combatants such as enemy civilians and prisoners of war.
May 24 – Robert William Keate becomes Lieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal.
May 29
- The Austro-Hungarian Compromise (called Ausgleich in German or kiegyezés in Hungarian (The Compromise)) is born through Act 12, which establishes the Austro-Hungarian Empire; on June 8 Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria is crowned King of Hungary.
- Canadian Confederation: Queen Victoria signs the British North America Act, creating the Dominion of Canada, effective July 1.^[8]
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. The Compromise partially re-established the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Hungary, separate from, and no longer subject to the Austrian Empire. The agreement also restored the old historic constitution of the Kingdom of Hungary.
Austria-Hungary, often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy, was a constitutional monarchy in Central and Eastern Europe between 1867 and 1918. It was formed when the Austrian Empire adopted a new constitution; as a result Austria (Cisleithania) and Hungary (Transleithania) were placed on equal footing. It dissolved into several new states at the end of the First World War.
June 8 is the 159th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. 206 days remain until the end of the year.
June 15 – The Atlantic Cable Quartz Lode gold mine is named in Montana.

April 1 is the 91st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. 274 days remain until the end of the year.

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island city-state in Southeast Asia. It lies one degree north of the equator, at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, with Indonesia's Riau Islands to the south and Peninsular Malaysia to the north. Singapore's territory consists of one main island along with 62 other islets. Since independence, extensive land reclamation has increased its total size by 23%. The country is known for its transition from a developing to a developed one in a single generation under the leadership of its founding Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew.

Crown colony, dependent territory or royal colony were dependent territories under the administration of United Kingdom overseas territories that were controlled by the British Government. As such they are examples of dependencies that are under colonial rule. Crown colonies were renamed "British Dependent Territories" in 1981, and since 2002, Crown colonies have been known officially as British Overseas Territories.

June 19 – A firing squad executes Emperor Maximilian of Mexico and two of his lieutenants.^[9]

June 19 is the 170th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. 195 days remain until the end of the year.

July–September

July – The Reverend Thomas Baker, a Wesleyan Methodist missionary (b. in Playden, East Sussex, England) is cooked and eaten by Navatusila tribespeople at Nabutautau, Fiji, together with eight of his local followers, the last missionary in that country to suffer cannibalism.
July 1
- Canadian Confederation: The British North America Act of 29 March comes into force, creating the Dominion of Canada, the first independent dominion in the British Empire.
- The Constitution of the North German Confederation comes into effect, creating a confederation of states, under the leadership of Prussia and Otto von Bismarck.
July 9 – Queen's Park F.C., the oldest association football league team in Scotland, is founded.
July 15 – France declares Cambodia's independence from Siam; Cambodia becomes a protectorate of France and England.
July 17 – In Boston, Massachusetts, the Harvard School of Dental Medicine is established as the first dental school in the United States.
July 18 – The Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune: The Serer people defeat the Muslim Marabouts of Senegambia.
August 7–September 20 – The first Canadian election sees John A. Macdonald's Conservatives elected to government.
August 15 – Benjamin Disraeli's Second Reform Act enfranchises many men in cities for the first time, and adds 938,000 to an electorate of 1,057,000 in England and Wales.^[10]
September 2 – Emperor Meiji of Japan marries Empress Shōken (née Masako Ichijō). The Empress consort is thereafter known as Lady Haruko.
September 4 – The Sheffield Wednesday F.C. is founded, at the Adelphi Hotel in Sheffield.
September 14 – The first volume of Das Kapital (later translated into English as Capital) is published by Karl Marx.
September 30 – The United States takes control of Midway Island.

October–December

October 12 – End of penal transportation from Britain as the last convict ship, the Hougoumont , departs from Portsmouth on an 89-day passage to Western Australia.^[10] 62 Fenians are among the transportees.
October 18 – Alaska is transferred from Russia to the USA, becoming the Department of Alaska.^[11]
October 21 – 'Manifest destiny': Medicine Lodge Treaty – Near Medicine Lodge Creek, Kansas, a landmark treaty is signed by southern Great Plains Indian leaders, requiring Native American Plains tribes to relocate to a reservation in western Oklahoma.
October 27 – Italian unification: Giuseppe Garibaldi's troops march into Rome.
November 9 – The last shōgun of Japan, Tokugawa Yoshinobu, tenders his resignation to Emperor Meiji.
November 21 – American temperance crusader Carrie Nation marries Dr. Charles Gloyd.
November 23 – The three 'Manchester Martyrs' are hanged in England for the murder of a policeman whilst attempting to rescue two Irish Republican Brotherhood members from imprisonment on 18 September.
December 2 – In a New York City theater, English author Charles Dickens gives his first public reading in the United States.
December 18 – Angola Horror (Buffalo, New York-area train wreck): The fiery death of 49 people leads John D. Rockefeller to develop and sell his Mineral Seal 300 °F Fire-Tested Burning Oil, and George Westinghouse to invent the railway air brake, which is mandated in the United States in 1893.^[12]

Date unknown

Pierre Michaux invents the front wheel-driven velocipede, the first mass-produced bicycle.
South African diamond fields are discovered.
The Prohibition National Committee is formed in the United States.
Clarke School for the Deaf in Western Massachusetts opens its doors for the first time, becoming the first school for the deaf in the United States to teach its children how to communicate using the oral method.
At Fountain Point, Michigan, an artesian water spring begins to gush continuously.
The modern rose is born, with the introduction of Rosa 'La France' by Jean-Baptiste Guillot [ fr ].^[13]^[14]
Gorse is naturalised in New Zealand, where it soon becomes the worst invasive weed.
The Swedish famine of 1867-1869 begins.
Yellow fever kills 3,093 in New Orleans.
The Wasps Rugby Football Club is formed in Middlesex, England.

Ongoing

Paraguayan War.
1867–1873 – Chinese, Scandinavian and Irish immigrants lay 30,000 miles (48,000 km) of railroad tracks in the USA.