1878

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1878 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar 1878
MDCCCLXXVIII
Ab urbe condita 2631
Armenian calendar 1327
ԹՎ ՌՅԻԷ
Assyrian calendar 6628
Bahá'í calendar 34–35
Balinese saka calendar 1799–1800
Bengali calendar 1285
Berber calendar 2828
British Regnal year 41  Vict. 1  – 42  Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar 2422
Burmese calendar 1240
Byzantine calendar 7386–7387
Chinese calendar 丁丑年 (Fire  Ox)
4574 or 4514
    — to —
戊寅年 (Earth  Tiger)
4575 or 4515
Coptic calendar 1594–1595
Discordian calendar 3044
Ethiopian calendar 1870–1871
Hebrew calendar 5638–5639
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat 1934–1935
 - Shaka Samvat 1799–1800
 - Kali Yuga 4978–4979
Holocene calendar 11878
Igbo calendar 878–879
Iranian calendar 1256–1257
Islamic calendar 1294–1296
Japanese calendar Meiji 11
(明治１１年)
Javanese calendar 1806–1807
Julian calendar Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar 4211
Minguo calendar 34 before ROC
民前34年
Nanakshahi calendar 410
Thai solar calendar 2420–2421
Tibetan calendar 阴火牛年
(female Fire-Ox)
2004 or 1623 or 851
    — to —
阳土虎年
(male Earth-Tiger)
2005 or 1624 or 852

1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII ) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar  and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar , the 1878th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 878th year of the 2nd millennium , the 78th year of the 19th century , and the 9th year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1878, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Roman numerals Numbers in the Roman numeral system

The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet. Roman numerals, as used today, employ seven symbols, each with a fixed integer value, as follows:

A common year is a calendar year with 365 days, as distinguished from a leap year, which has 366. More generally, a common year is one without intercalation. The Gregorian calendar,, employs both common years and leap years to keep the calendar aligned with the tropical year, which does not contain an exact number of days.

A common year starting on Tuesday is any non-leap year that begins on Tuesday, 1 January, and ends on Tuesday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is F. The current year, 2019, is a common year starting on Tuesday in the Gregorian calendar. The last such year was 2013 and the next such year will be 2030, or, likewise, 2014 and 2025 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see below for more. Any common year that starts on Sunday, Monday or Tuesday has two Friday the 13ths. This common year contains two Friday the 13ths in September and December. Leap years starting on Monday share this characteristic. From July of the year that precedes this year until September in this type of year is the longest period that occurs without a Friday the 13th. Leap years starting on Saturday share this characteristic, from August of the common year that precedes it to October in that type of year.

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Events

January–March

January–September – Cleopatra's Needle erected in London. Raising the obelisk.jpg
January–September – Cleopatra's Needle erected in London.

January 5 is the fifth day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 360 days remaining until the end of the year.

Ottoman Empire Former empire in Asia, Europe and Africa

The Ottoman Empire, also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe, and with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror.

January 9 is the ninth day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 356 days remaining until the end of the year.

October 31 – Eldkvarn burns in Stockholm. Eldkvarn 1878.jpg
October 31 – Eldkvarn burns in Stockholm.

March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 282 days remaining until the end of the year.

Royal Navy Maritime warfare branch of the United Kingdoms military

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by the English kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years War against the Kingdom of France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the UK's armed services, it is known as the Senior Service.

Frigate Type of warship

A frigate is a type of warship, having various sizes and roles over the last few centuries.

Europe after the Congress of Berlin in 1878 and the territorial and political rearrangement of the Balkan Peninsula. Europe 1878 map en.png
Europe after the Congress of Berlin in 1878 and the territorial and political rearrangement of the Balkan Peninsula.

April–June

April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 255 days remaining until the end of the year.

The Stawell Gift is Australia's oldest and richest short distance running race. It is run over every Easter weekend by the Stawell Athletic Club, with the main race finals on the holiday Monday, at Central Park, Stawell in the Grampian Mountains district of western Victoria.

May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 243 days remaining until the end of the year.

July–September

July 4 is the 185th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 180 days remaining until the end of the year. The Aphelion, the point in the year when the Earth is farthest from the Sun, occurs around this date.

The Ten Broek - Mollie McCarty match race was a match race on July 4, 1878 between Ten Broeck, a stallion from Kentucky, and Mollie McCarty, a mare from California. The race was held at the Louisville Jockey Club in front of a record crowd of 30,000. Both horses were champions of the period, and the win by Ten Broeck marked the first loss of Mollie McCarty's career. The race was immortalized in the folk song, Molly and Tenbrooks.

Ten Broeck was an American U.S. Racing Hall of Fame Thoroughbred racehorse whose 1878 match race win in Louisville, against the great California mare Mollie McCarty was immortalized in the Kentucky folk song commonly called "Molly and Tenbrooks".

October–December

October 1 is the 274th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 91 days remaining until the end of the year.

October 14 is the 287th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 78 days remaining until the end of the year.

Bramall Lane football stadium

Bramall Lane is a football stadium in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England. It is the home of Sheffield United. As the largest stadium in Sheffield during the 19th century it hosted most of the city's most significant matches including the final of the world's first football tournament, first floodlit match and several matches between the Sheffield and London Football Associations that led to the unification of their respective rules. It was also used by Sheffield Wednesday and Sheffield F.C. for major matches. It has been the home of Sheffield United since the club's establishment in 1889. It is the oldest major stadium in the world still to be hosting professional association football matches. Mansfield Town's Field Mill ground is the only stadium currently hosting professional football that is older than Bramall Lane.

Date unknown

Births

January–June

Carl Sandburg Carl Sandburg NYWTS.jpg
Carl Sandburg
Theodoros Pangalos Theodoros Pangalos.jpg
Theodoros Pangalos
Gordon Coates Joseph Gordon Coates, 1931.jpg
Gordon Coates
Kōki Hirota Kohki Hirota suit.jpg
Kōki Hirota
Vicente Mejía Colindres Vicente Mejia Colindres.jpg
Vicente Mejía Colindres
Lionel Barrymore Lionel Barrymore.jpg
Lionel Barrymore
Roy Atwell Roy Atwell 1940.JPG
Roy Atwell
Gustav Stresemann Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1989-040-27, Gustav Stresemann.jpg
Gustav Stresemann

July–December

Princess Ingeborg of Denmark Ingeborg of Sweden.jpg
Princess Ingeborg of Denmark
Alfred Döblin Alfred Doeblin 1930a.jpg
Alfred Döblin
Joseph Stalin CroppedStalin1943.jpg
Joseph Stalin

Deaths

January–June

King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy Tranquillo Cremona - Vittorio Emanuele II.jpg
King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy
Pope Pius IX IX. Piusz pápa.jpg
Pope Pius IX
Anna Sewell Anna Sewell.jpg
Anna Sewell

July–December

Saint Mariam Baouardy Mirjam Abbelin 4.jpg
Saint Mariam Baouardy

In fiction

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1908 Year

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1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1912th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 912th year of the 2nd millennium, the 12th year of the 20th century, and the 3rd year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1912, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

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1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1905th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 905th year of the 2nd millennium, the 5th year of the 20th century, and the 6th year of the 1900s decade. As of the start of 1905, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1902nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 902nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 2nd year of the 20th century, and the 3rd year of the 1900s decade. As of the start of 1902, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1895th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 895th year of the 2nd millennium, the 95th year of the 19th century, and the 6th year of the 1890s decade. As of the start of 1895, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1881st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 881st year of the 2nd millennium, the 81st year of the 19th century, and the 2nd year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1881, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1921st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 921st year of the 2nd millennium, the 21st year of the 20th century, and the 2nd year of the 1920s decade. As of the start of 1921, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1871st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 871st year of the 2nd millennium, the 71st year of the 19th century, and the 2nd year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1871, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1870th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 870th year of the 2nd millennium, the 70th year of the 19th century, and the 1st year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1870, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1880th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 880th year of the 2nd millennium, the 80th year of the 19th century, and the 1st year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1880, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1892nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 892nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 92nd year of the 19th century, and the 3rd year of the 1890s decade. As of the start of 1892, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1884 Year

1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1884th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 884th year of the 2nd millennium, the 84th year of the 19th century, and the 5th year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1884, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1886th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 886th year of the 2nd millennium, the 86th year of the 19th century, and the 7th year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1886, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1930th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 930th year of the 2nd millennium, the 30th year of the 20th century, and the 1st year of the 1930s decade.

1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1934th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 934th year of the 2nd millennium, the 34th year of the 20th century, and the 5th year of the 1930s decade.

1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1909th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 909th year of the 2nd millennium, the 9th year of the 20th century, and the 10th and last year of the 1900s decade. As of the start of 1909, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1938th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 938th year of the 2nd millennium, the 38th year of the 20th century, and the 9th year of the 1930s decade.

1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1914th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 914th year of the 2nd millennium, the 14th year of the 20th century, and the 5th year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1914, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after an heir to the Austrian throne was assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrillo Princip. It also saw the first airline to provide scheduled regular commercial passenger services with heavier-than-air aircraft, with the St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line.

References

  1. ↑ Ruskin, John (1877-07-02). Fors Clavigera .
  2. ↑ Whistler, J. McNeill (1890). The Gentle Art of Making Enemies .
  3. ↑ Borneman, Walter R. (2010). Rival Rails: The Race to Build America's Greatest Transcontinental Railroad. Random House Digital. p. 168.
  4. ↑ "V muzeu Emila Holuba se ukrýval kapský lev". Novinky.cz (in Czech). 2009-05-22. Retrieved 2011-08-26.

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