1880

1880 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1880; MDCCCLXXX
Ab urbe condita	2633
Armenian calendar	1329; ԹՎ ՌՅԻԹ
Assyrian calendar	6630
Bahá'í calendar	36–37
Balinese saka calendar	1801–1802
Bengali calendar	1287
Berber calendar	2830
British Regnal year	43 Vict. 1 – 44 Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar	2424
Burmese calendar	1242
Byzantine calendar	7388–7389
Chinese calendar	己卯年 (Earth Rabbit); 4576 or 4516; — to —; 庚辰年 (Metal Dragon); 4577 or 4517
Coptic calendar	1596–1597
Discordian calendar	3046
Ethiopian calendar	1872–1873
Hebrew calendar	5640–5641
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1936–1937
- Shaka Samvat	1801–1802
- Kali Yuga	4980–4981
Holocene calendar	11880
Igbo calendar	880–881
Iranian calendar	1258–1259
Islamic calendar	1297–1298
Japanese calendar	Meiji 13; (明治１３年)
Javanese calendar	1808–1809
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4213
Minguo calendar	32 before ROC ; 民前32年
Nanakshahi calendar	412
Thai solar calendar	2422–2423
Tibetan calendar	阴土兔年; (female Earth-Rabbit); 2006 or 1625 or 853; — to —; 阳金龙年; (male Iron-Dragon); 2007 or 1626 or 854

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	18th century ; 19th century ; 20th century ;
Decades:	1860s ; 1870s ; 1880s ; 1890s ; 1900s ;
Years:	1877 ; 1878 ; 1879 ; 1880 ; 1881 ; 1882 ; 1883 ;

Last updated February 20, 2019

1880 ( MDCCCLXXX ) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar , the 1880th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 880th year of the 2nd millennium , the 80th year of the 19th century , and the 1st year of the 1880s decade. As of the start of 1880, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Roman numerals Numbers in the Roman numeral system

The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet. Roman numerals, as used today, employ seven symbols, each with a fixed integer value, as follows:

A leap year is a calendar year containing one additional day added to keep the calendar year synchronized with the astronomical or seasonal year. Because seasons and astronomical events do not repeat in a whole number of days, calendars that have the same number of days in each year drift over time with respect to the event that the year is supposed to track. By inserting an additional day or month into the year, the drift can be corrected. A year that is not a leap year is called a common year.

A leap year starting on Thursday is any year with 366 days that begins on Thursday 1 January, and ends on Friday 31 December. Its dominical letters hence are DC, such as the years 1880, 1920, 1948, 1976, 2004, 2032, 2060, and 2088, in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 1988, 2016, and 2044 in the obsolete Julian calendar. Any leap year that starts on Monday, Wednesday or Thursday has two Friday the 13ths. This leap year contains two Friday the 13ths in February and August.

Events

January–March

January 22 – Toowong State School is founded in Queensland, Australia.
February – The journal Science is first published in the United States, with financial backing from Thomas Edison.
February 2
- The first electric streetlight is installed in Wabash, Indiana.
- The first successful shipment of frozen mutton from Australia arrives in London, aboard the SS Strathleven.
Wabash is a city in Noble Township, Wabash County, in the U.S. state of Indiana. The population was 10,666 at the 2010 census. The city is the county seat of Wabash County.
February 4
- The Black Donnelly Massacre takes the lives of five members of one family in Biddulph Township, Middlesex County, Ontario, Canada.
The "Black" Donnellys were an Irish family who emigrated to Ontario. Five of the family were murdered by an armed mob in the township of Lucan Biddulph in February 1880 and their farm was burned down, the culmination of long-standing conflict between the family and other residents. No one was convicted of the murders, despite two trials.
Middlesex County is a primarily rural county in Southwestern Ontario, Canada covering 3,317.27 square kilometers. Landlocked, the county is bordered by Huron and Perth counties on the north, Oxford County on the east, Elgin County on the south, and Chatham-Kent and Lambton County on the west.
February 24
- The SS Columbia, which will be the first outside usage of Thomas Edison's incandescent light bulb, is launched at the Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works of John Roach & Sons, in Chester, Pennsylvania.
SS Columbia (1880–1907) was a cargo and passenger steamship that was owned by the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company and later the San Francisco and Portland Steamship Company. Columbia was constructed in 1880 by the John Roach & Sons shipyard in Chester, Pennsylvania for the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company.
Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman, who has been described as America's greatest inventor. He is credited with developing many devices in fields such as electric power generation, mass communication, sound recording, and motion pictures. These inventions, which include the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb, had a widespread impact on the modern industrialized world. He was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and teamwork to the process of invention, working with many researchers and employees. He is often credited with establishing the first industrial research laboratory.
An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated to such a high temperature that it glows with visible light (incandescence). The filament is protected from oxidation with a glass or fused quartz bulb that is filled with inert gas or a vacuum. In a halogen lamp, filament evaporation is slowed by a chemical process that redeposits metal vapor onto the filament, thereby extending its life.
March 31 – Wabash, Indiana becomes the first electrically lit city in the world.

January 22 is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 343 days remaining until the end of the year.

Queensland is the second-largest and third-most populous state in the Commonwealth of Australia. Situated in the north-east of the country, it is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean. To its north is the Torres Strait, with Papua New Guinea located less than 200 km across it from the mainland. The state is the world's sixth-largest sub-national entity, with an area of 1,852,642 square kilometres (715,309 sq mi).

February is the second and shortest month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendar with 28 days in common years and 29 days in leap years, with the quadrennial 29th day being called the leap day. It is the first of five months to have a length of less than 31 days, and the only month to have a length of less than 30 days, with the other seven months having 31 days. This year February has 28 days.

April–June

April – The government of Cape Colony sets a deadline for the Basuto people to surrender their weapons; non-compliance leads to the Basuto Gun War.
April 18 – United Kingdom general election, 1880: William Ewart Gladstone defeats Benjamin Disraeli, to become Prime Minister for the second time.^[1]
April 19 – The Prime Minister of Sweden, Louis De Geer, resigns over the defeat of a defense reform bill in the country's Riksdag; he is succeeded by Count Arvid Posse (1880–1883).
April 27 – The Royal University of Ireland is founded by charter, allowing the Catholic University of Ireland to re-form as University College Dublin.
May 2 – After having her lights installed by Edison's personnel, the SS Columbia is lit up for the first time at the foot of Wall Street, in New York City.
May 13 – In Menlo Park, New Jersey, Thomas Edison performs the first test of his electric railway.
June – The SS Columbia sets off on her maiden voyage around Cape Horn to Portland, Oregon, carrying 13 locomotives and 200 railcars.
June 1 – Tinius Olsen is awarded a United States Patent, for the Little Giant Testing Machine.
June 28 – Australian police capture bank robber Ned Kelly, after a gun battle at Glenrowan, Victoria.
June 29 – France annexes Tahiti.

April is the fourth month of the year in the Gregorian calendar, the fifth in the early Julian, the first of four months to have a length of 30 days, and the second of five months to have a length of less than 31 days.

The Cape of Good Hope, also known as the Cape Colony, was a British colony in present-day South Africa, named after the Cape of Good Hope. The British colony was preceded by an earlier Dutch colony of the same name, the Kaap de Goede Hoop, established in 1652 by the Dutch East India Company. The Cape was under Dutch rule from 1652 to 1795 and again from 1803 to 1806. The Dutch lost the colony to Great Britain following the 1795 Battle of Muizenberg, but had it returned following the 1802 Peace of Amiens. It was re-occupied by the UK following the Battle of Blaauwberg in 1806, and British possession affirmed with the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814.

The Gun War, also known as the Basuto War, was an 1880-1881 conflict in the British territory of Basutoland in Southern Africa, fought between Cape Colony forces and rebellious Basotho chiefs over the right of natives to bear arms. Although officially considered a stalemate, the final settlement favoured the Basotho.

July–September

July 14 – Dorchester Penitentiary opens in Canada.
July 22 – Abdur Rahman Khan becomes Emir of Afghanistan.
July 27 – Second Anglo-Afghan War – Battle of Maiwand: Afghan troops under Ayub Khan defeat British and Indian forces, under Brigadier General George Burrows.
August 14 – Cologne Cathedral is completed, after construction began in 1248, 632 years earlier.
August 24 – The SS Columbia completes her maiden voyage, arriving without incident in Portland, Oregon, after a stopover in San Francisco.
August 26 – Competing circus owners P. T. Barnum and James A. Bailey sign a contract in Bridgeport, Connecticut to create the Barnum & Bailey Circus. In 1907, the circus will merge forces with another competitor, the Ringling Brothers Circus.^[2]
September 1 – Second Anglo-Afghan War – Battle of Kandahar: General Frederick Roberts, commanding British forces, defeats the Afghan troops of Mohammad Ayub Khan, bringing an end to the war.^[3]

October–December

October – The Blizzard of 1880 begins in North America.
October 1 – German company Munich Re is founded in Munich.
October 6 – The University of Southern California opens its doors to 53 students and 10 faculty.
October 15 – Mexican soldiers kill Victorio, one of the greatest Apache military strategists.
October 28 – The first stone is laid for the Clarkson Memorial in Wisbech, England.
November 2 – U.S. presidential election, 1880: James Garfield defeats Winfield S. Hancock.
November 4 – The first cash register is patented by James and John Ritty of Dayton, Ohio.
November 9 – A major earthquake strikes Zagreb and destroys many buildings, including Zagreb Cathedral.
November 11 – Australian bushranger and bank robber Ned Kelly is hanged in Melbourne.
November 22 – Vaudeville actress Lillian Russell makes her debut at Tony Pastor's Theatre, in New York City.
December 20 – First Boer War: The Battle of Bronkhorstspruit results in a Boer victory over the British.
December 30 – The Transvaal becomes a republic, and Paul Kruger becomes its first president.

Date unknown

Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza signs a treaty of protection with the chief of the large Teke tribe, and begins to establish a French protectorate on the north bank of the Congo River.
Piezoelectricity is discovered by Pierre Curie and Jacques Curie.
The Capuchin catacombs of Palermo are officially closed (there will be some burials afterwards).
The Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction, of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, is established in the United States.
Venn diagrams are developed and published in the Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science by John Venn, in his paper entitled On the Diagrammatic and Mechanical Representation of Propositions and Reasonings.