1898

1898 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	1898 MDCCCXCVIII
Ab urbe condita	2651
Armenian calendar	1347 ԹՎ ՌՅԽԷ
Assyrian calendar	6648
Baháʼí calendar	54–55
Balinese saka calendar	1819–1820
Bengali calendar	1304–1305
Berber calendar	2848
British Regnal year	61  Vict. 1  – 62  Vict. 1
Buddhist calendar	2442
Burmese calendar	1260
Byzantine calendar	7406–7407
Chinese calendar	丁酉年 (Fire  Rooster) 4595 or 4388     — to — 戊戌年 (Earth  Dog) 4596 or 4389
Coptic calendar	1614–1615
Discordian calendar	3064
Ethiopian calendar	1890–1891
Hebrew calendar	5658–5659
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1954–1955
- Shaka Samvat	1819–1820
- Kali Yuga	4998–4999
Holocene calendar	11898
Igbo calendar	898–899
Iranian calendar	1276–1277
Islamic calendar	1315–1316
Japanese calendar	Meiji 31 (明治３１年)
Javanese calendar	1827–1828
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 12 days
Korean calendar	4231
Minguo calendar	14 before ROC 民前14年
Nanakshahi calendar	430
Thai solar calendar	2440–2441
Tibetan calendar	阴火鸡年 (female Fire-Rooster) 2024 or 1643 or 871     — to — 阳土狗年 (male Earth-Dog) 2025 or 1644 or 872

1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar  and a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1898th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 898th year of the 2nd millennium, the 98th year of the 19th century, and the 9th year of the 1890s decade. As of the start of 1898, the Gregorian calendar was 12days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

Events

1898 world map

January–March

• January 1 – New York City annexes land from surrounding counties, creating the City of Greater New York as the world's second largest. The city is geographically divided into five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx and Staten Island.
• January 13 – Novelist Émile Zola's open letter to the President of the French Republic on the Dreyfus affair, J'Accuse…! , is published on the front page of the Paris daily newspaper L'Aurore , accusing the government of wrongfully imprisoning Alfred Dreyfus and of antisemitism.
• February 12 – The automobile belonging to Henry Lindfield of Brighton rolls out of control down a hill in Purley, London, England, and hits a tree; thus he becomes the world's first fatality from an automobile accident on a public highway. ^[1]
• February 15 – Spanish–American War: The USS Maine explodes and sinks in Havana Harbor, Cuba, for reasons never fully established, killing 266 men. The event precipitates the United States' declaration of war on Spain, two months later.

  

  February 15: USS Maine is sunk.

• February 23 – Émile Zola is imprisoned in France, after writing J'Accuse…! .
• March 1 – Vladimir Lenin creates the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in Minsk
• March 14 – Association football and sports club BSC Young Boys is established in Bern, Switzerland, as the Fussballclub Young Boys.
• March 16 – In Melbourne the representatives of five colonies adopt a constitution, which will become the basis of the Commonwealth of Australia. ^[2]
• March 24 – Robert Allison of Port Carbon, Pennsylvania, becomes the first person to buy an American-built automobile, when he buys a Winton automobile that has been advertised in Scientific American .
• March 26 – The Sabie Game Reserve in South Africa is created, as the first officially designated game reserve.

April–June

• April 5 – Annie Oakley promotes the service of women in combat situations, with the United States military. On this day, she writes a letter to President McKinley "offering the government the services of a company of 50 'lady sharpshooters' who would provide their own arms and ammunition should war break out with Spain." ^[3]
• April 22 – Spanish–American War: The United States Navy begins a blockade of Cuban ports and the USS Nashville captures a Spanish merchant ship.
• April 23 – Spanish–American War: A conference of senior Spanish Navy officers led by naval minister Segismundo Bermejo decide to send Admiral Pascual Cervera's squadron to Cuba and Puerto Rico.
• April 25
  • Spanish–American War: The United States declares war on Spain; the U.S. Congress announces that a state of war has existed since April 21 (later backdating this one more day to April 20).
  • In Essen, German company Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektrizitätswerk RWE is founded. ^[4]
• April 26 – An explosion in Santa Cruz, California, kills 13 workers, at the California Powder Works. ^[5]
• April 29 – The Paris Auto Show, the first large-scale commercial vehicle exhibition show, is held in Tuileries Garden. ^[6]
• May 1 – Spanish–American War – Battle of Manila Bay: Commodore Dewey destroys the Spanish squadron, in the first battle of the war, as well as the first battle in the Philippines Campaign.
• May 2 – Thousands of Chinese scholars and Beijing citizens seeking reforms protest in front of the capital control yuan.
• May 7 – 9 – Bava Beccaris massacre: Hundreds of demonstrators are killed, when General Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris orders troops to fire on a rally in Milan, Italy.
• May 8 – The first games of the Italian Football Federation are played, in which Genoa played against Torino.
• May 12 – Spanish–American War: The Puerto Rican Campaign begins, with the Bombardment of San Juan.
• May 22 – The German Federation football club SV Darmstadt 98 is formed.
• May 27 – The territory of Kwang-Chou-Wan is leased by China to France, according to the Treaty of 12 April 1892, as the Territoire de Kouang-Tchéou-Wan, forming part of French Indochina. ^[7]
• May 28 – Secondo Pia takes the first photographs of the Shroud of Turin and discovers that the image on the Shroud itself appears to be a photographic negative.

  

  The original flag of the Philippines as conceived by General Emilio Aguinaldo. The blue is of a lighter shade than the currently mandated royal blue, the sun has eight points as currently but many more rays and it has a mythical face.

• June 1 – The Trans-Mississippi Exposition World's Fair opens, in Omaha, Nebraska.
• June 7 – William Ramsay and Morris Travers discover neon at their laboratory at University College London, after extracting it from liquid nitrogen. ^[8]
• June 9 – The British government arranges a 99-year rent of Hong Kong from China.
• June 10 – Tuone Udaina, the last known speaker of the Dalmatian language, is killed in an explosion.
• June 11 – The Guangxu Emperor announces the creation of what would later become Peking University. ^{[9] [10]}
• June 12 – Philippine Declaration of Independence: After 333 years of Spanish dominance, General Emilio Aguinaldo declares the Philippines' independence from Spain.
• June 13 – Yukon Territory is formed in Canada, with Dawson chosen as its capital.
• June 19 – Food processing giant Nabisco is founded in New Jersey.^{[ page needed ]}
• June 21 – Spanish–American War: The United States captures Guam, making it the first U.S. overseas territory.
• June 28 – Effective date of the Curtis Act of 1898 which will lead to the dissolution of tribal and communal lands in Indian Territory and ultimately the creation of the State of Oklahoma in 1907.

July–September

August 28: Caleb Bradham names his soft drink Pepsi-Cola

• July 1 – Spanish–American War: Battle of San Juan Hill – United States troops (including Buffalo Soldiers and Theodore Roosevelt's Rough Riders) take a strategic position close to Santiago de Cuba from the Spanish.
• July 3
  • Spanish–American War: Battle of Santiago de Cuba – The United States Navy destroys the Spanish Navy's Caribbean Squadron.
  • American adventurer Joshua Slocum completes a 3-year solo circumnavigation of the world.
• July 4 – En route from New York to Le Havre, the ocean liner SS La Bourgogne collides with another ship and sinks off the coast of Sable Island with the loss of 549 lives.
• July 7 – The United States annexes the Hawaiian Islands.
• July 17 – Spanish–American War: Battle of Santiago Bay. Troops under United States General William R. Shafter take the city of Santiago de Cuba from the Spanish.
• July 18 – "The Adventures of Louis de Rougemont" first appear in The Wide World Magazine , as its August 1898 issue goes on sale. ^[11]
• July 25 – Spanish–American War: The United States invasion of Puerto Rico begins, with a landing at Guánica Bay.
• August 12 – Spanish–American War: Hostilities end between American and Spanish forces in Cuba.
• August 13 – Spanish–American War: Battle of Manila – By prior agreement, the Spanish commander surrenders the city of Manila to the United States, in order to keep it out of the hands of Filipino rebels, ending hostilities in the Philippines.
• August 20 – The Gornergrat railway opens, connecting Zermatt to the Gornergrat in Switzerland.
• August 21 – Clube de Regatas Vasco da Gama is founded in Rio de Janeiro.
• August 23 – The Southern Cross Expedition, the first British venture of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, sets sail from London.
• August 24 – Chickasaw and Choctaw tribes sign the Atoka Agreement, a requirement of the Curtis Act of 1898.
• August 25 – 700 Greeks and 15 Englishmen are slaughtered by the Turks in Heraklion, Greece, leading to the establishment of the autonomous Cretan State.
• August 28 – American pharmacist Caleb Bradham names his soft drink Pepsi-Cola .
• September 2 – Battle of Omdurman (Mahdist War): British and Egyptian troops led by Horatio Kitchener defeat Sudanese tribesmen led by Khalifa Abdullah al-Taashi, thus establishing British dominance in the Sudan. 11,000 Sudanese are killed and 1,600 wounded in the battle. ^[12]
• September 10 – Italian anarchist Luigi Lucheni assassinates Empress Elisabeth of Austria in Geneva, as an act of propaganda of the deed.
• September 18 – Fashoda Incident: A powerful flotilla of British gunboats arrives at the French-occupied fort of Fashoda on the White Nile, leading to a diplomatic stalemate, until French troops are ordered to withdraw on November 3.
• September 21
  • Empress Dowager Cixi of China engineers a coup d'état, marking the end of the Hundred Days' Reform; the Guangxu Emperor is arrested.
  • Geert Adriaans Boomgaard of Groningen in the Netherlands becomes the world's first validated supercentenarian.

October–December

• October 1 – The Vienna University of Economics and Business is founded, under the name K.u.K. Exportakademie.
• October 3 – Battle of Sugar Point: Ojibwe tribesmen defeat U.S. government troops, in northern Minnesota.
• October 6 – The Sinfonia Club, later to become the Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity, is founded at the New England Conservatory of Music in Boston by Ossian Everett Mills.
• October 15 – The Fork Union Military Academy is founded, in Fork Union, Virginia. ^[13]
• October 31 – The Lutheran Church of the Redeemer, Jerusalem, is dedicated.
• November 5 – Negros Revolution: Filipinos on the island of Negros revolt against Spanish rule and establish the short-lived Republic of Negros.
• November 10 – The Wilmington insurrection of 1898, a coup d'état by the white Democratic Party of North Carolina, begins.
• November 26 – A two-day blizzard known as the Portland Gale piles snow in Boston, severely impacting the Massachusetts fishing industry and several coastal New England towns.
• December 9 – The first of the two Tsavo Man-Eaters is shot by John Henry Patterson; the second is killed 3 weeks later, after 135 railway construction workers have been killed by the lions.
• December 10 – The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Spanish–American War.
• December 18 – Gaston de Chasseloup-Laubat sets the first official land speed record in an automobile, averaging 63.15 km/h (39.24 mph) over 1 km (0.62 mi) in France.
• December 26 – Marie and Pierre Curie announce the discovery of an element that they name radium .
• December 29 – The Moscow Art Theatre production of The Seagull by Anton Chekhov opens. ^[14]
• December 31 – French serial killer Joseph Vacher is executed at Bourg-en-Bresse. ^[15]

Unknown dates

• The first volume of the Linguistic Survey of India is published in Calcutta.

Births

January–March

Gracie Fields

Kaj Munk

Sergei Eisenstein

Randolph Scott

Denjirō Ōkōchi

Bertolt Brecht

Leó Szilárd

Enzo Ferrari

Soong Mei-ling

Eben Dönges

• January 3 – John Loder, British actor (d. 1988)
• January 7 – Art Baker, American actor (d. 1966)
• January 9 – Gracie Fields, British singer, actress and comedian (d. 1979)
• January 13 – Kaj Munk, Danish playwright, Lutheran pastor and martyr (d. 1944)
• January 16 – Margaret Booth, American film editor (d. 2002)
• January 20 – Norma Varden, British-born American actress (d. 1989)
• January 21
  • Rudolph Maté, Polish-born American cinematographer (d. 1964)
  • Shah Ahmad Shah Qajar of Persia (d. 1930)
• January 22
  • Sergei Eisenstein, Russian and Soviet film director (d. 1948)
  • Elazar Shach, Lithuanian-born Israeli Haredi rabbi (d. 2001)
• January 23 – Randolph Scott, American film actor (d. 1987)
• January 24 – Karl Hermann Frank, German Nazi official, war criminal (d. 1946)
• February 1 – Leila Denmark, American pediatrician, supercentenarian (d. 2012)
• February 3 – Alvar Aalto, Finnish architect (d. 1976)
• February 5 – Denjirō Ōkōchi, Japanese actor (d. 1962)
• February 10
  • Bertolt Brecht, German writer (d. 1956)
  • Joseph Kessel, French journalist and author (d. 1979) ^[16]
• February 11
  • Henry de La Falaise, French film director, Croix de guerre recipient (d. 1972)
  • Leó Szilárd, Hungarian-American physicist (d. 1964)
• February 12
  • Wallace Ford, British actor (d. 1966)
  • Roy Harris, American composer (d. 1979)
• February 14
  • Eva Novak, American actress (d. 1988)
  • Fritz Zwicky, Swiss physicist, astronomer (d. 1974)
• February 15
  • Totò, Italian comedian, actor, poet, and songwriter (d. 1967)
  • Allen Woodring, American runner (d. 1982)
• February 18
  • Enzo Ferrari, Italian race car driver, automobile manufacturer (d. 1988)
  • Luis Muñoz Marín, Puerto Rican poet, journalist and politician (d. 1980)
• February 24 – Kurt Tank, German aeronautical engineer (d. 1983)
• February 25 – William Astbury, English physicist, molecular biologist (d. 1961)
• February 28
  • Hugh O'Flaherty, Irish Catholic priest (d. 1963)
  • Molly Picon, American actress, lyricist (d. 1992)
• March 3 – Emil Artin, Austrian mathematician (d. 1962)
• March 4 – Georges Dumézil, French philologist (d. 1986)
• March 5
  • Zhou Enlai, Premier of the People's Republic of China (d. 1976)
  • Soong Mei-ling, First Lady of China (d. 2003)
• March 6 – Therese Giehse, German actress (d. 1975)
• March 8 – Eben Dönges, acting Prime Minister of South Africa and elected President of South Africa (d. 1968)
• March 11 – Dorothy Gish, American actress (d. 1968)
• March 13 – Henry Hathaway, American film director, producer (d. 1985)
• March 21 – Paul Alfred Weiss, Austrian biologist (d. 1989)
• March 23
  • Erich Bey, German admiral (d. 1943)
  • Madeleine de Bourbon-Busset, Duchess of Parma (d. 1984)
• March 30 – Joyce Carey, English actress (d. 1993)

April–June

Paul Robeson

Jim Fouché

• April 1 – William James Sidis, American mathematician (d. 1944)
• April 2 – Harindranath Chattopadhyay, Indian poet, actor and politician (d. 1990)
• April 3 – George Jessel, American comedian (d. 1981)
• April 4 – Agnes Ayres, American actress (d. 1940)
• April 5 – Solange d'Ayen, French noblewoman, Duchess of Ayen and journalist (d. 1976) ^[17]
• April 9 – Paul Robeson, African-American actor, singer and political activist (d. 1976)
• April 12 – Lily Pons, French-American opera singer, actress (d. 1976)
• April 14 – Lee Tracy, American actor (d. 1968)
• April 19 – Constance Talmadge, American actress (d. 1973)
• April 26
  • Vicente Aleixandre, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1984)
  • John Grierson, Scottish documentary filmmaker (d. 1972)
  • Tomu Uchida, Japanese film director (d. 1970)
• May 2 – Henry Hall, British bandleader (d. 1989)
• May 3
  • Golda Meir, Prime Minister of Israel (d. 1978) ^[18]
  • Septima Poinsette Clark, American educator and civil rights activist (d. 1987)
• May 5
  • Blind Willie McTell, American singer (d. 1959)
  • Hans Heinrich von Twardowski, German actor (d. 1958)
• May 6 – Konrad Henlein, Sudeten German Nazi leader (d. 1945)
• May 13 – Hisamuddin of Selangor, King of Malaysia (d. 1960)
• May 15 – Arletty, French model, actress (d. 1992)
• May 16
  • Tamara de Lempicka, Polish Art Deco painter (d. 1980)
  • Kenji Mizoguchi, Japanese film director (d. 1956)
• May 17
  • Anagarika Govinda, German buddhist lama (d. 1985)
  • A. J. Casson, Canadian painter (d. 1992)
• May 19 – Julius Evola, Italian philosopher (d. 1974)
• May 21 – Armand Hammer, American entrepreneur, art collector (d. 1990)
• May 23 – Frank McHugh, American actor (d. 1981)
• May 24 – Helen B. Taussig, American cardiologist (d. 1986)
• May 31 – Norman Vincent Peale, American clergyman (d. 1993)
• June 3 – Stuart H. Ingersoll, American admiral (d. 1983)
• June 4 – Harry Crosby, American publisher, poet (d. 1929)
• June 5 – Federico García Lorca, Spanish poet, playwright (d. 1936)
• June 6
  • Ninette de Valois, Irish dancer, founder of The Royal Ballet (d. 2001)
  • Jim Fouché, 5th President of South Africa (d. 1980)
• June 10 – Michel Hollard, French Resistance hero (d. 1993)
• June 11 – Lionel Penrose, English geneticist (d. 1972)
• June 17
  • M. C. Escher, Dutch artist (d. 1972)
  • Harry Patch, British World War I soldier, the last Tommy (d. 2009)
• June 22
  • Weeratunge Edward Perera, Malaysian educator, businessman and social entrepreneur (d. 1982)
  • Erich Maria Remarque, German writer (d. 1970) ^[19]
• June 26
  • Sa`id Al-Mufti, 3-time prime minister of Jordan (d. 1989)
  • Willy Messerschmitt, German aircraft designer, manufacturer (d. 1978)
• June 30 – George Chandler, American actor (d. 1985)

July–September

Stefanos Stefanopoulos

Isidor Isaac Rabi

Regis Toomey

Leopold Infeld

Alfons Gorbach

Howard Florey

George Gershwin

• July 2
  • George J. Folsey, American cinematographer (d. 1988)
  • Anthony McAuliffe, American general (d. 1975)
• July 3
  • Donald Healey, English motor engineer, race car driver (d. 1988)
  • Stefanos Stefanopoulos, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1982)
• July 4
  • Gulzarilal Nanda, Indian politician, economist (d. 1998)
  • Gertrude Lawrence, English actress, singer (d. 1952)
• July 6 – Hanns Eisler, German composer (d. 1962)
• July 7
  • Teresa Hsu Chih, Chinese-born Singaporean social worker, supercentenarian (d. 2011)
  • Arnold Horween, American Harvard Crimson, NFL football player (d. 1985)
• July 14
  • Happy Chandler, American politician (d. 1991)
  • Youssef Wahbi, Egyptian actor, film director (d. 1982)
• July 17 – Berenice Abbott, American photographer (d. 1991)
• July 18 – John Stuart, Scottish actor (d. 1979)
• July 22
  • Stephen Vincent Benét, American writer (d. 1943) ^[20]
  • Alexander Calder, American artist (d. 1976)
• July 25 – Arthur Lubin, American film director (d. 1995)
• July 29 – Isidor Isaac Rabi, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1988)
• July 30 – Henry Moore, English sculptor (d. 1986)
• August 11 – Peter Mohr Dam, 2-time prime minister of the Faroe Islands (d. 1968)
• August 12
  • Maria Klenova, Russian marine geologist (d. 1976)
  • Oscar Homolka, Austrian actor (d. 1978)
• August 13
  • Mohamad Noah Omar, Malaysian politician (d. 1991)
  • Regis Toomey, American actor (d. 1991)
• August 15 – Jan Brzechwa, Polish poet (d. 1966)
• August 18
  • Lance Sharkey, Australian Communist leader (d. 1967)
  • Tsola Dragoycheva, Bulgarian politician (d. 1993)
• August 19 – Eleanor Boardman, American actress (d. 1991)
• August 20
  • Leopold Infeld, Polish physicist (d. 1968)
  • Vilhelm Moberg, Swedish novelist, historian (d. 1973)
• August 21 – Herbert Mundin, English actor (d. 1939)
• August 26 – Peggy Guggenheim, American art collector (d. 1979)
• August 27 – John Hamilton, Canadian criminal, bank robber (d. 1934)
• August 29 – Preston Sturges, American director, writer (d. 1959)
• August 30 – Shirley Booth, American actress (d. 1992)
• September 1
  • Violet Carson, British actress (d. 1983)
  • Marilyn Miller, American actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1936)
• September 2 – Alfons Gorbach, 15th Chancellor of Austria (d. 1972)
• September 10
  • George Eldredge, American actor (d. 1977)
  • Bessie Love, American actress (d. 1986)
• September 13
  • László Baky, Hungarian Nazi leader (d. 1946)
  • Emilio Núñez Portuondo, Cuban diplomat, lawyer and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Cuba (d. 1978)
• September 19 – Giuseppe Saragat, President of Italy (d. 1988)
• September 24 – Howard Florey, Australian-born pharmacologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1968)
• September 26 – George Gershwin, American composer (d. 1937)
• September 29 – Trofim Lysenko, Russian biologist (d. 1976)
• September 30
  • Renée Adorée, French actress (d. 1933)
  • Princess Charlotte, Duchess of Valentinois (d. 1977), Monégasque princess

October–December

William O. Douglas

Peng Dehuai

Karl Ziegler

Gunnar Myrdal

• October 6
  • Arthur G. Jones-Williams, British aviator (d. 1929)
  • Mitchell Leisen, American film director (d. 1972)
  • Clarence Williams, American jazz pianist, composer (d. 1965)
• October 10
  • Lilly Daché, French milliner (d. 1989)
  • Marie-Pierre Kœnig, French general, politician (d. 1970)
• October 15 – Boughera El Ouafi, Algerian athlete (d. 1959)
• October 16 – William O. Douglas, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1980)
• October 17 – Shinichi Suzuki, Japanese musician, educator (d. 1998)
• October 18 – Lotte Lenya, Austrian actress, singer (d. 1981)
• October 24 – Peng Dehuai, Chinese military leader (d. 1974)
• October 28 – Abdul Khalek Hassouna, Egyptian diplomat, 2nd Secretary-General of the Arab League (d. 1992)
• November 11 – René Clair, French filmmaker, novelist, and non-fiction writer (d. 1981)
• November 12 – Leon Štukelj, Slovene gymnast (d. 1999)
• November 14 – Benjamin Fondane, Romanian-French Symbolist poet, critic and existentialist philosopher (d. 1944)
• November 17 – Colleen Clifford, Australian actress (d. 1996)
• November 18 – Joris Ivens, Dutch director (d. 1989)
• November 21 – René Magritte, Belgian artist (d. 1967)
• November 22 – Gabriel González Videla, 24th president of Chile (d. 1980)
• November 23 – Bess Flowers, American actress (d. 1984)
• November 24 – Liu Shaoqi, President of the People's Republic of China (d. 1969)
• November 26 – Karl Ziegler, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1973)
• November 29 – C. S. Lewis, British author (d. 1963) ^[21]
• November 30 – Firpo Marberry, American baseball pitcher (d. 1976)
• December 2 – Indra Lal Roy, Indian World War I pilot (d. 1918)
• December 5 – Grace Moore, American opera singer, actress (d. 1947)
• December 6
  • Alfred Eisenstaedt, American photojournalist (d. 1995)
  • Gunnar Myrdal, Swedish sociologist, economist and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1987)
• December 9 – Emmett Kelly, American circus clown (d. 1979)
• December 14 – Lillian Randolph, American actress, singer (d. 1980)
• December 19 – Zheng Zhenduo, Chinese author, translator (d. 1958)
• December 20 – Irene Dunne, American actress (d. 1990)
• December 24 – Baby Dodds, American jazz drummer (d. 1959)
• December 27 – Inejiro Asanuma, Japanese politician (d. 1960)
• December 28 – Shigematsu Sakaibara, Japanese admiral and war criminal (d. 1947)
• December 31
  • István Dobi, Hungarian prime minister (d. 1968)
  • Ivan Miller, Canadian journalist and sportscaster (d. 1967) ^[22]

Deaths

January–June

Lewis Carroll

Matilda Joslyn Gage

William Ewart Gladstone

• January 3 – Lawrence Sullivan Ross, Confederate brigadier general, Texas governor, and president of Texas A&M University (b. 1838)
• January 14 – Lewis Carroll, British writer, mathematician (Alice in Wonderland) (b. 1832)
• January 16 – Charles Pelham Villiers, longest-serving MP in the British House of Commons (b. 1802)
• January 18 – Henry Liddell, English Dean of Christ Church, Oxford (b. 1811)
• January 26 – Cornelia J. M. Jordan, American lyricist (b. 1830)
• February 1 – Tsuboi Kōzō, Japanese admiral (b. 1843)
• February 6 – Abdul Samad of Selangor, Malaysian ruler, 4th Sultan of Selangor (b. 1804)
• February 16 – Thomas Bracken, author of the official national anthem of New Zealand ( God Defend New Zealand ) (b. 1843)
• March 1 – George Bruce Malleson, Indian officer, author (b. 1825)
• March 6 – Andrei Alexandrovich Popov, Russian admiral (b. 1821)
• March 10
  • Marie-Eugénie de Jésus, French religious (b. 1817)
  • George Müller, Prussian evangelist, founder of the Ashley Down orphanage (b. 1805)
• March 11 – William Rosecrans, California congressman, Register of the U.S. Treasury (b. 1819)
• March 15 – Sir Henry Bessemer, British engineer, inventor (b. 1813)
• March 16 – Aubrey Beardsley, British artist (b. 1872) ^[23]
• March 18 – Matilda Joslyn Gage, American feminist (b. 1826)
• March 27 – Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Indian university founder (b. 1817)
• March 28 – Anton Seidl, Hungarian conductor (b. 1850)
• April 13 – Aurilla Furber, American author (b. 1847)
• April 15 – Te Keepa Te Rangihiwinui, Maori military leader
• April 18 – Gustave Moreau, French painter (b. 1826)
• April 29 – Mary Towne Burt, American benefactor (b. 1842)
• May 19 – William Ewart Gladstone, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1809)
• May 22 – Edward Bellamy, American author (b. 1850)
• May 29 – Theodor Eimer, German zoologist (b. 1843)
• June 4 – Rosalie Olivecrona, Swedish feminist activist (b. 1823)
• June 10 – Tuone Udaina, Croatian-Italian last speaker of the Dalmatian language (b. 1821)
• June 14 – Dewitt Clinton Senter, American politician, 18th Governor of Tennessee (b. 1830)
• June 25 – Ferdinand Cohn, German biologist, bacteriologist and microbiologist (b. 1828)

July–December

Otto von Bismarck

Theodor Fontane

Saint Charbel Makhluf

• July 1
  • Siegfried Marcus, Austrian automobile pioneer (b. 1831)
  • Joaquín Vara de Rey y Rubio, Spanish general (killed in action) (b. 1841)
• July 5 – Richard Pankhurst, English lawyer, radical and supporter of women's rights (b. 1834)
• July 8 – Soapy Smith, American con artist and gangster (b. 1860)
• July 14 – Louis-François Richer Laflèche, Roman Catholic Bishop of Trois-Rivières, Native American missionary (b. 1818)
• July 30 – Otto von Bismarck, German statesman (b. 1815) ^[24]
• August 8 – Eugène Boudin, French painter (b. 1824)
• August 11 – Sophia Braeunlich, American business manager (b. 1854)
• August 23 – Félicien Rops, Belgian artist (b. 1833)
• September 2 – Wilford Woodruff, fourth president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1807)
• September 5 – Sarah Emma Edmonds, Canadian nurse, spy (b. 1841)
• September 9 – Stéphane Mallarmé, French poet (b. 1842)
• September 10 – Empress Elisabeth of Austria, empress consort of Austria, queen consort of Hungary (assassinated) (b. 1837)
• September 16 – Ramón Emeterio Betances, Puerto Rican politician, medical doctor and diplomat (b. 1827)
• September 19 – Sir George Grey, 11th Premier of New Zealand (b. 1812)
• September 20 – Theodor Fontane, German writer (b. 1819) ^[25]
• September 26 – Fanny Davenport, American actress (b. 1850)
• September 28 – Tan Sitong, Chinese revolutionary (executed) (b. 1865)
• September 29 – Louise of Hesse-Kassel, German princess, queen consort of Christian IX of Denmark (b. 1817)
• October 24 – Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, French painter (b. 1824)
• November 2 – George Goyder, surveyor-general of South Australia (b. 1826)
• November 20 – Sir John Fowler, British civil engineer (b. 1817)
• December 24 – Charbel Makhluf, Lebanese Maronite, Roman Catholic and Eastern Catholic monk, priest and saint (b. 1828)
• December 25 – Laura Gundersen, Norwegian actress (b. 1832)
• December 29 – Ilia Solomonovich Abelman, Russian astronomer (b. 1866) ^[26]

Date unknown

• Sotirios Sotiropoulos, Greek economist, politician (b. 1831)

References

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3. The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) Archived November 7, 2020, at the Wayback Machine . "Letter to President William McKinley from Annie Oakley". Retrieved January 24, 2008.
4. Asriel, Camillo J. (1930). Das R.W.E., Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektrizitätswerk A.-G., Essen a.d. Ruhr (in German). Girsberger & Company. p. 1.
5. "The California Powder Works". Santa Cruz Public Library Local History Articles. Archived from the original on June 26, 2010. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
6. Authority, International Driving. "Paris Motor Show". International Driving Authority. Retrieved July 2, 2024.
7. Choveaux, A. (1925). "Situation économique du territoire de Kouang-Tchéou-Wan en 1923". Annales de Géographie . 34 (187): 74–77. doi:10.3406/geo.1925.8102.
8. Ribbat, Christoph (2011). Flickering Light: A History of Neon. Reaktion Books. p. 23.
9. "[Peking University Landmark] Peking University Hall". english.pku.edu.cn. Retrieved June 23, 2024.
10. Harry Edward King. 1911. UNITED STATES BUREAU OF EDUCATION. THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF CHINA AS RECENTLY RECONSTRUCTED. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED542944.pdf
11. Stratmann, Linda (2010). Fraudsters and Charlatans: A Peek at Some of History's Greatest Rogues. Stroud: The History Press.
12. Boahen, A. Adu (1987). African Perspectives on Colonialism. Baltimore, Md: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 48. ISBN   9780801839313.
13. Salmon, John S. (1994). A Guidebook to Virginia's Historical Markers. University of Virginia Press. p. 48.
14. Benedetti, Jean (1999). Stanislavski: His Life and Art (Revised ed.). London: Methuen. ISBN   0-413-52520-1.
15. Hunt, Liz (March 1, 2011). "The forensic mind of the original Dr Death" . The Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 12, 2022.
16. Bettina Liebowitz Knapp (1976). French novelists speak out. Whitston Publishing Company. p. 65. ISBN   9780878750849.
17. "Fichier des personnes décédées - DE LABRIFFE Solange Marie Christine Louise | Amiens 05/04/1898 - Paris 03/11/1976". matchID - Moteur de recherche des décès. 1976. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
18. "Golda Meir". Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers. February 16, 2019. Retrieved July 29, 2021.
19. "Erich Maria Remarque Is Dead; Novels Recorded Agony of War". The New York Times. September 26, 1970.
20. Masterplots Cyclopedia of World Authors. Salem Press. 1958. p. 96.
21. "C.S. Lewis | Biography, Books, Mere Christianity, Narnia, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved June 19, 2023.
22. Haworth, S. (January 1899), Schedule A: Births, Wentworth County, Ontario, p. 292
23. Crawford, Alan (September 23, 2004). "Beardsley, Aubrey Vincent (1872–1898), illustrator". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi: 10.1093/ref:odnb/1821 .(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
24. Steinberg, Jonathan (2011). Bismarck: A Life. Oxford University Press. pp. 462–3. ISBN   978-0-19-997539-6.
25. Otto Drude (1994). Theodor Fontane. Insel Verlag, Frankfurt. p. 176.
26.   Herman Rosenthal (1901). "ABELMAN, ILIA SOLOMONOVICH". In Singer, Isidore; et al. (eds.). The Jewish Encyclopedia . Vol. 1. New York: Funk & Wagnalls. p. 52.

Sources

• Morro Castle, Havana Harbor. 00694250. Thomas Edison. Archived from the original on December 12, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2009. Filmed ca. March 17 to April 1, 1898 Morro Castle (fortress) downloadable videos. ( 1898 Morro Castle, Havana Harbor, YouTube stream. Thomas Edison. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2009. needs Flash)
• 1898 U S Battleship Indiana. Thomas Edison. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2009. view of USS Indiana (BB-1) (needs Flash)
• 1898 Transport Ship Whitney Leaving Dock. Thomas Edison. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2009. 1898-05-20 (needs Flash)
• 1898 10th U.S. Infantry, 2nd Battalion leaving Train. Thomas Edison. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved May 20, 2009. 1898-05-20 view of 10th U.S. Infantry, 2nd Battalion (needs Flash)
• 1898 U.S. Cavalry Supplies Unloading at Tampa, Florida. Thomas Edison. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2009. 1898-05-20 view of Tampa, Florida (needs Flash)
• 1898 Military Camp at Tampa, taken from train. Thomas Edison. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2009. 1898-05-20 view of Tampa, Florida (needs Flash)
• 1898 Cuban Refugees Waiting for Rations. Thomas Edison. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2009. 1898-05-20 (needs Flash)
• 1898 Colored Troops Disembarking. Thomas Edison. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2009. 1898-05-20 (needs Flash)
• 1898 Troops Ship for the Philippines. Thomas Edison. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2009. June 1898 (needs Flash)
• 1898 U.S. troops landing at Daiquirí, Cuba. Thomas Edison. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2009. 1898-08-05 view of Daiquirí after the United States invasion of Cuba in the Spanish–American War (needs Flash)
• 1898 Major General Shafter. Thomas Edison. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2009. 1898-08-05 view of Major General Shafter (needs Flash)
• 1898 Troops making road in front of Santiago. Thomas Edison. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved May 7, 2009. 1898-09-03 view of Santiago (needs Flash)