1925

1925 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1925; MCMXXV
Ab urbe condita	2678
Armenian calendar	1374; ԹՎ ՌՅՀԴ
Assyrian calendar	6675
Bahá'í calendar	81–82
Balinese saka calendar	1846–1847
Bengali calendar	1332
Berber calendar	2875
British Regnal year	15 Geo. 5 – 16 Geo. 5
Buddhist calendar	2469
Burmese calendar	1287
Byzantine calendar	7433–7434
Chinese calendar	甲子年 (Wood Rat); 4621 or 4561; — to —; 乙丑年 (Wood Ox); 4622 or 4562
Coptic calendar	1641–1642
Discordian calendar	3091
Ethiopian calendar	1917–1918
Hebrew calendar	5685–5686
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1981–1982
- Shaka Samvat	1846–1847
- Kali Yuga	5025–5026
Holocene calendar	11925
Igbo calendar	925–926
Iranian calendar	1303–1304
Islamic calendar	1343–1344
Japanese calendar	Taishō 14; (大正１４年)
Javanese calendar	1855–1856
Juche calendar	14
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4258
Minguo calendar	ROC 14; 民國14年
Nanakshahi calendar	457
Thai solar calendar	2467–2468
Tibetan calendar	阳木鼠年; (male Wood-Rat); 2051 or 1670 or 898; — to —; 阴木牛年; (female Wood-Ox); 2052 or 1671 or 899

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century ; 20th century ; 21st century ;
Decades:	1900s ; 1910s ; 1920s ; 1930s ; 1940s ;
Years:	1922 ; 1923 ; 1924 ; 1925 ; 1926 ; 1927 ; 1928 ;

Last updated February 16, 2019

1925 ( MCMXXV ) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar , the 1925th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 925th year of the 2nd millennium , the 25th year of the 20th century , and the 6th year of the 1920s decade.

Roman numerals Numbers in the Roman numeral system

The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters from the Latin alphabet. Roman numerals, as used today, employ seven symbols, each with a fixed integer value, as follows:

A common year is a calendar year with 365 days, as distinguished from a leap year, which has 366. More generally, a common year is one without intercalation. The Gregorian calendar,, employs both common years and leap years to keep the calendar aligned with the tropical year, which does not contain an exact number of days.

A common year starting on Thursday is any non-leap year that begins on Thursday, 1 January, and ends on Thursday, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is D. The most recent year of such kind was 2015 and the next one will be 2026 in the Gregorian calendar or, likewise, 2010 and 2021 in the obsolete Julian calendar, see below for more. This common year contains the most Friday the 13ths; specifically, the months of February, March, and November. Leap years starting on Sunday share this characteristic. From February until March in this type of year is also the shortest period that occurs within a Friday the 13th.

Events

January

January 1 – Kristiania, the capital of Norway, reverts to its original name of Oslo.
January 3 – Benito Mussolini makes a pivotal speech in the Italian Chamber of Deputies.^[1] Historians now trace this speech to the beginning of Mussolini's dictatorship.^[2]
January 5 – Nellie Tayloe Ross becomes the first female governor (Wyoming) in the United States. Twelve days later, Ma Ferguson becomes first female governor of Texas.
January 25 – Hjalmar Branting resigns as Prime Minister of Sweden because of ill health, and is replaced by the minister of trade, Rickard Sandler.
January 27–February 1 – The 1925 serum run to Nome (the "Great Race of Mercy") relays diphtheria antitoxin by dog sled across the U.S. territory of Alaska, to combat an epidemic.

January 1 is the first day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 364 days remaining until the end of the year. This day is known as New Year's Day since the day marks the beginning of the year. It is also the first day of the first quarter of the year and the first half of the year.

Oslo is the capital and most populous city of Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. Founded in the year 1040 as Ánslo, and established as a kaupstad or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada, the city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 reduced its influence, and with Sweden from 1814 to 1905 it functioned as a co-official capital. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, during the reign of King Christian IV, a new city was built closer to Akershus Fortress and named Christiania in the king's honour. It was established as a municipality (formannskapsdistrikt) on 1 January 1838. The city's name was spelled Kristiania between 1877 and 1897 by state and municipal authorities. In 1925 the city was renamed Oslo.

January 3 is the third day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 362 days remaining until the end of the year. Perihelion, the point during the year when the Earth is closest to the Sun, occurs around this date.

February

February 15 – The Alice Comedy Alice Solves the Puzzle is released by Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, introducing Bootleg Pete (an early prototype for Pegleg Pete) for the first time.
February 21 – The cover date of the very first issue of The New Yorker .^[3]
February 25 – Art Gillham records (for Columbia Records) the first Western Electric masters to be commercially released.
February 28 – The 1925 Charlevoix–Kamouraska earthquake strikes northeastern North America.

February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 319 days remaining until the end of the year.

The Alice Comedies are a series of animated cartoons created by Walt Disney in the 1920s, in which a live action little girl named Alice and an animated cat named Julius have adventures in an animated landscape.

Alice Solves the Puzzle is a 1925 animated short film produced and directed by Walt Disney in the Alice Comedies series, notable for being the first film to feature Pete, the longest-recurring Disney character. The film is also notable for being one of the first animated films to have been heavily censored.

March

March 4
- İsmet İnönü is appointed prime minister in Turkey (Turkey's 4th and İnönü's 3rd government).
- Calvin Coolidge is sworn in for a full term as President of the United States, in the first inauguration to be broadcast on radio.^[4]
John Calvin Coolidge Jr. was an American politician and the 30th president of the United States from 1923 to 1929. A Republican lawyer from New England, born in Vermont, Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics, eventually becoming governor. His response to the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight and gave him a reputation as a man of decisive action. The next year, he was elected vice president of the United States, and he succeeded to the presidency upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding in 1923. Elected in his own right in 1924, he gained a reputation as a small government conservative and also as a man who said very little, although having a rather dry sense of humor.
The second inauguration of Calvin Coolidge as President of the United States, was held on Wednesday, March 4, 1925 at the eastern portico of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.. The inauguration marked the commencement of the second term of Calvin Coolidge as President and the only term of Charles G. Dawes as Vice President. The Chief Justice, former president William Howard Taft administered the presidential oath of office. This was the first inauguration in which a former U.S. President administered the oath, and the first to be broadcast nationally on radio.
Radio is the technology of using radio waves to carry information, such as sound and images, by systematically modulating properties of electromagnetic energy waves transmitted through space, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form.
March 6 – Pionerskaya Pravda , one of the oldest children's newspapers in Europe, is founded in the Soviet Union.
March 9–May 1 – Pink's War: The British Royal Air Force bombards mountain strongholds of Mahsud tribesmen in South Waziristan.
March 15 – The Phi Lambda Chi fraternity (original name "The Aztecs") is founded on the campus of Arkansas State Teacher's College in Conway, Arkansas (now the University of Central Arkansas).
March 18 – The Tri-State Tornado, the deadliest in U.S. history, rampages through Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, killing 695 people and injuring 2,027. It hits the towns of Murphysboro, Illinois; West Frankfort, Illinois; Gorham, Illinois; Ellington, Missouri; and Griffin, Indiana.
March 21 – Tennessee Governor Austin Peay signs the Butler Act, prohibiting the teaching of evolution in the state's public schools.
March 31
- The Bauhaus closes in Weimar and moves to a building in Dessau designed by Walter Gropius.
- Radio station WOWO in Fort Wayne, Indiana begins broadcasting.
The Staatliches Bauhaus, commonly known as the Bauhaus, was a German art school operational from 1919 to 1933 that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught.
Weimar is a city in the federal state of Thuringia, Germany. It is located in Central Germany between Erfurt in the west and Jena in the east, approximately 80 kilometres southwest of Leipzig, 170 kilometres north of Nuremberg and 170 kilometres west of Dresden. Together with the neighbour-cities Erfurt and Jena it forms the central metropolitan area of Thuringia with approximately 500,000 inhabitants, whereas the city itself counts a population of 65,000. Weimar is well known because of its large cultural heritage and its importance in German history.
Dessau is a town and former municipality in Germany on the junction of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt. Since 1 July 2007, it has been part of the newly created municipality of Dessau-Roßlau. Population of Dessau proper: 77,973.

March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 302 days remaining until the end of the year.

Mustafa İsmet İnönü was a Turkish general and statesman, who served as the second President of Turkey from 10 November 1938 to 27 May 1950, when his Republican People's Party was defeated in Turkey's second free elections. He also served as the first Chief of the General Staff from 1922 to 1924, and as the first Prime Minister after the declaration of the Republic, serving three terms: from 1923 to 1924, 1925 to 1937, and 1961 to 1965. As President, he was granted the official title of "Millî Şef".

Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. East Thrace, located in Europe, is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorous strait and the Dardanelles. Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to its northwest; Georgia to its northeast; Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the south. Ankara is its capital but Istanbul is the country's largest city. Approximately 70 to 80 per cent of the country's citizens identify as Turkish. Kurds are the largest minority; the size of the Kurdish population is a subject of dispute with estimates placing the figure at anywhere from 12 to 25 per cent of the population.

April

April–October – The Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes is held in Paris, giving a name to the Art Deco style.
April 1
- Frank Heath and his horse Gypsy Queen leaves Washington, D.C. to begin a two-year journey to visit all 48 states.
- The Patent and Trademark Office is transferred to the Department of Commerce.
April 10 – F. Scott Fitzgerald publishes The Great Gatsby .
April 15 – Fritz Haarmann, a serial killer convicted of the murder of 24 boys and young men, is beheaded in Germany.

April 16 – The Communist assault on St Nedelya Church claims roughly 150 lives in Sofia, Bulgaria.
April 19 – Colo-colo, a well-known football club of Chile, is founded in Macul, suburb of Santiago.^[5]
April 20 – Iranian forces of Rezā Shāh occupies Ahvaz and arrests Sheikh Khaz'al.
April 28 – Presenting the Stanley Baldwin government's budget, Chancellor of the Exchequer Winston Churchill announces Britain's return to the gold standard.^[6]

May

May 1
- In the Destruction of early Islamic heritage sites in Saudi Arabia, the al-Baqi' mausoleums are destroyed by King Ibn Saud.
- Barcelona S.C. founded in Ecuador.
- The All-China Federation of Trade Unions, the world's largest trade union organisation, is founded in Guangzhou, Republic of China.
May 5
- Scopes Trial: Dayton, Tennessee, biology teacher John T. Scopes is arrested for teaching Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution.
- The General Election Law is passed in Japan.
May 8 – African American Tom Lee rescues 32 people from the sinking steamboat M.E. Norman on the Mississippi River.
May 25
- Scopes Trial: John T. Scopes is indicted for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution.
- The National Forensic League is founded.
May 29 – British explorer Percy Fawcett sends a last telegram to his wife before he disappears in the Amazon.

June

June 1 – Percy and Florence Arrowsmith are married.
June 6 – The Chrysler Corporation is founded by Walter Percy Chrysler.
June 13 – Charles Francis Jenkins achieves the first synchronized transmission of pictures and sound, using 48 lines and a mechanical system in "the first public demonstration of radiovision".
June 14
- The Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Greece is founded.
- The Turkish football club Göztepe is founded.
June 29 – The 6.8 M_w  Santa Barbara earthquake affects the central coast of California with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), destroying much of downtown Santa Barbara, California and leaving 13 people dead.

July

July 9 – In Dublin, Ireland, Oonagh Keogh becomes the first female member of a stock exchange in the world.
July 10
- Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, the so-called "Monkey Trial" begins with John T. Scopes, a young high school science teacher accused of teaching evolution in violation of a Tennessee state law.
- Meher Baba begins his 44-year silence.
July 18 – Adolf Hitler publishes Volume 1 of his personal manifesto Mein Kampf .
July 21
- Malcolm Campbell becomes the first man to exceed 150 mph (241 km/h) on land. At Pendine Sands in Wales, he drives Sunbeam 350HP built by Sunbeam at a two-way average speed of 150.33 mph (242 km/h).^[7]
- Scopes Trial: In Dayton, Tennessee, high school biology teacher John T. Scopes is found guilty of teaching evolution in class and fined $100.
July 25 – The Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) is established.

August

August 1 – The New Cape Central Railway between Worcester and Voorbaai is incorporated into the South African Railways.^[8]
August 8 – The Ku Klux Klan, the largest fraternal organization in the United States, demonstrates its popularity by holding a parade with an estimated 30,000-35,000 marchers in Washington DC.^[9]
August 14 – The original Hetch Hetchy Moccasin Powerhouse is completed and goes on line.
August 25 – The French completes their evacuation of the Ruhr region of Germany.^[10]
August 31 – Anthropologist Margaret Mead lands in American Samoa to begin nine-months of field work that will culminate in her 1928 book Coming of Age in Samoa. The bestselling book will become the first popular anthropological study and will change many attitudes towards tribal peoples.

September

September 3 – The U.S. Navy dirigible Shenandoah breaks up in a squall line near Caldwell, Ohio, killing 14 crewmen.
September 27 – Feast of the Cross according to the Old Calendar; A celestial cross appears over Athens, Greece, while the Greek police pursues a group of Greek Old Calendarists. The phenomenon lasts for half an hour.^[11]

October

October – The major money forgery and fraud of Alves dos Reis is exposed in Portugal.
October 1 – Mount Rushmore National Memorial is dedicated in South Dakota.

October 2 – In London
- John Logie Baird successfully transmits the first television pictures with a greyscale image.^[12]
- The city's first enclosed double-decker buses are introduced.
October 5–16 – The Locarno Treaties are negotiated.
October 8 – Cubana de Aviación is founded.

November

November 5 – Secret agent Sidney Reilly is executed by the OGPU, the secret police of the Soviet Union.
November 9 – Formal foundation date of the Schutzstaffel (SS) as a personal bodyguard for Adolf Hitler in Germany.
November 14
- Australian federal election, 1925: Stanley Bruce's Nationalist/Country Coalition Government is re-elected with an increased majority, defeating the Labor Party led by Matthew Charlton.
- The first Surrealist art exhibition opens in Paris.^[13]
November 24 – The silent film El Húsar de la Muerte is released in Santiago, Chile.
November 26 – Prajadhipok (Rama VII) is crowned as King of Siam.
November 28 – The weekly country music-variety radio program Grand Ole Opry is first broadcast on WSM radio in Nashville, Tennessee, as the "WSM Barn Dance".

December

December 1 – The Locarno Treaties are signed in London.
December 11 – Pope Pius XI's encyclical Quas primas , on the Feast of Christ the King, is promulgated.^[14]
December 16
- Reza Shah becomes shah of Persia.
- Alpha Phi Omega, a National service fraternity, is founded at Lafayette College.
- Colombo Radio launches in Ceylon; the station subsequently becomes known as Radio Ceylon .
December 25 – IG Farben is formed by the merger of six chemical companies in Germany.

Date unknown

Spring – Leica I 35 mm film still camera is introduced.
The Australian state of Queensland introduces a 44-hour working week.
The Brisbane City Council, (Brisbane, Australia), is created from the amalgamation of 20 smaller cities, towns and shires.
New York City becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from London.^[15]^{[ unreliable source? ]}
The Thompson submachine gun is sold for $175 in the 1925 Sears, Roebuck and Company mail order catalog.
The National Football League adds 5 teams: the New York Giants, Detroit Panthers, Providence Steam Roller, a new Canton Bulldogs team and the Pottsville Maroons.
Lion Feuchtwanger's novel Jud Süß is published.^[16]
The Shueisha Publishing Company is founded in Tokyo.
Wheel gymnastics is invented in Germany.