| 1987 Carapintada mutiny | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Dirty War | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
 Argentine Army | Carapintadas | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Raúl Alfonsín | Aldo Rico | ||||||
In April 1987, members of the "Carapintadas", a faction within the Argentine Army, launched a mutiny against the civilian government of Raúl Alfonsín in response to trials of military officials for crimes committed during the period of military rule.
The Dirty War took place in Argentina during the 1970s and the early 1980s. Left-wing guerrillas, such as Montoneros and ERP, sought to establish a socialist state, as in Cuba. The military, first during the civilian governments of Juan and Isabel Perón, and then during the National Reorganization Process military dictatorship, sought to prevent that. The military defeated the guerrillas, but committed human rights violations during the conflict. New elections were held in 1983, and Raúl Alfonsín became the new president. [1]
The National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons prepared the "Nunca más" report (Spanish : Never again), detailing 8,961 cases of forced disappearances. The Trial of the Juntas sentenced the heads of the military dictatorship, and the full stop law caused an increased number of charges against the military. [2]
Major Ernesto Barreiro was indicted, but refused to appear in the court. He started a mutiny in Córdoba on April 14, rallying troops to support him. Three days later, Lieutenant Colonel Aldo Rico started another mutiny in Campo de Mayo, Buenos Aires, supporting Barreiro. They were called "Carapintadas" (Spanish : Painted faces) because they practiced military camouflage. [3] They asked for new authorities in the armed forces, and an end to the dirty war related trials. [2]
Loyal military units surrounded the rebels, but refused to attack them. The population made demonstrations in support of Alfonsín, and the CGT union called on a general strike on his behalf until the crisis was resolved. Other unions, political parties, industrial sectors and the Church manifested their support for Alfonsín as well. [4]
Alfonsín personally led the negotiations with the rebels. The mutiny was stopped, and Alfonsín announced it in the balcony of the Casa Rosada , to the people gathered there. In the following weeks he made changes to the command of the armed forces, and sent the Law of Due Obedience bill to the Congress. This law, complementing the full stop law, prevented hundreds of prosecutions. [5] The minister Horacio Jaunarena clarified that the law was a project previous to the mutiny, and that the new authorities in the armed forces were not the ones requested by Rico. [6]
The Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic are the combined armed forces of Argentina. It is controlled by the Commander-in-Chief and a civilian Minister of Defense. In addition to the Army, Navy and Air Force, there are two security forces, controlled by the Ministry of Security, which can be mobilized in occasion of an armed conflict: the National Gendarmerie, a gendarmerie used to guard borders and places of strategic importance; and the Naval Prefecture, a coast guard used to protect internal major rivers and maritime territory.
Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín was an Argentine lawyer and statesman who served as President of Argentina from 10 December 1983 to 8 July 1989. He was the first democratically elected president after more than seven years of military dictatorship, and is considered the "father of modern democracy in Argentina". Ideologically, he identified as a radical and a social democrat, serving as the leader of the Radical Civic Union from 1983 to 1991, 1993 to 1995, 1999 to 2001, with his political approach being known as "Alfonsinism".
Reynaldo Benito Antonio Bignone was an Argentine general who served as President of Argentina from 1 July 1982, to 10 December 1983, the last president to serve under the military dictatorship. In 2010, he was sentenced to 25 years in prison for his role in the kidnapping, torture, and murder of persons suspected of opposing the government during the Dirty War.
The Dirty War is the name used by the military junta or civic-military dictatorship of Argentina for the period of state terrorism in Argentina from 1974 to 1983 as a part of Operation Condor, during which military and security forces and death squads in the form of the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance hunted down any political dissidents and anyone believed to be associated with socialism, left-wing Peronism, or the Montoneros movement.
The People's Revolutionary Army was the military branch of the communist Workers' Revolutionary Party in Argentina.
The theory of the two demons is a rhetorical device used in Argentine political discourse to disqualify arguments that appear to morally equate violent political subversion with illegal repressive activities carried out by the state.
National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons was an Argentine organization created by President Raúl Alfonsín on 15 December 1983, shortly after his inauguration, to investigate the fate of the desaparecidos and other human rights violations performed during the military dictatorship known as the National Reorganization Process between 1976 and 1983.
The Full stop law, Ley de Punto Final, was passed by the National Congress of Argentina in 1986, three years after the end of the military dictatorship of the Proceso de Reorganización Nacional and restoration of democracy. Formally, this law is referred to by number, like all others in Argentine legislation, but Ley de Punto Final is the designation in common use, even in official speeches.
The Law of Due Obedience was a law passed by the National Congress of Argentina after the end of the military dictatorship of the Proceso de Reorganización Nacional. Formally, this law is referred to by number, like all others in Argentine legislation, but Ley de Obediencia Debida is the only designation in common use, even in official speeches.
The Trial of the Juntas was the judicial trial of the members of the de facto military government that ruled Argentina during the dictatorship of the Proceso de Reorganización Nacional, which lasted from 1976 to 1983. It is so far the only example of such a large scale procedure by a democratic government against a former dictatorial government of the same country in Latin America.
In 1989, 40 members of Movimiento Todos por la Patria (MTP) attacked the military barracks in La Tablada, in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. 39 people were killed and 60 injured by the time the Argentine army retook the barracks. The MTP was commanded by former ERP leader Enrique Gorriarán Merlo. It carried out the assault under the alleged pretense of preventing a military coup supposedly planned for the end of January 1989 by the Carapintadas, a group of far-right military officers who opposed the investigations and trials concerning Argentina's last civil-military dictatorship (1976-1983).
The Carapintadas were a group of mutineers in the Argentine Army, who took part in various uprisings between 1987 and 1990 during the presidencies of Raúl Alfonsín and Carlos Menem in Argentina. The rebellions, while at first thought to be an attempt at a military coup, were staged primarily to assert displeasure against the civilian government and make certain military demands known.
Campo de Mayo is a military base located in Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina, 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Buenos Aires.
Aldo Rico is an Argentine retired Lieutenant Colonel and politician, famous for his role in the episodes of 1987 and 1988 where sectors of the Armed Forces, known as carapintadas, revolted to protest the policies of President Raúl Alfonsín. Rico later created the MODIN political party and contested several elections. Rico was elected mayor of San Miguel (1997–2003) and was Minister of Police of Buenos Aires province for a short period in 1999.
The Argentine legislative elections of 1987 were held on 6 September. Voters chose their legislators and governors, with a turnout of 83.6%. The ruling Radical Civic Union lost their majority in the Chamber of Deputies.
Antonio Domingo Bussi was an army general during the military dictatorship in Argentina and a politician prominent in the recent history of Tucumán Province, Argentina. He was tried and convicted in democracy for crimes against humanity.
Mohamed Alí Seineldín was an Argentine army colonel who participated in two failed uprisings against the democratically elected governments of both President Raúl Alfonsín and President Carlos Menem in 1988 and 1990.
Raúl Alfonsín was the president of Argentina from 1983 to 1989.
In Argentina, the term "impunity laws" refers to two laws and a series of presidential decrees enacted between 1986 and 1990, which prevented the prosecution or execution of convictions against perpetrators of crimes against humanity during the state terrorism carried out by the Military Junta in the 1976 civil-military coup d'état, which governed from 1976 to 1983. On May 3, 2017, the Supreme Court issued a ruling that allows the sentences of persons found guilty of crimes against humanity to be significantly reduced, by application of the so-called "two for one".
Memory, Truth and Justice processes is the name with which the processes that culminate in trials for crimes against humanity carried out against those responsible for human rights violations committed in the context of state terrorism during the last civil-ecclesiastical-military dictatorship in Argentina between 1976 and 1983 are referred to. These include the actions of Human Rights organizations, such as Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo or HIJOS, as well as different public policies such as the creation of CONADEP, the creation of reparation laws, the restitution of appropriated children, the Trials for the Truth, the marking of Sites of Memory in Argentina in the areas where clandestine detention centers operated and the creation of Spaces of Memory.
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