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Parliamentary elections were held in the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1990 to elect the twelfth Supreme Council. A total of 1,473 candidates contested the 310 seats, [1] while a further 50 members were appointed by organizations of veterans and invalids. However, by the time of the first meeting of the Supreme Council, only 278 of the 310 elected seats were filled. [2]
In the first round of voting on 4 March 98 deputies were elected, with voter turnout at 86.5%. [1] A second round on 17–18 March saw a further 131 deputies were elected. However, this was still below the quorum of 240. By-elections were subsequently held on 22 April (18 districts) and 5 May (63 districts) resulting in a further 38 deputies being elected. An additional eleven were elected in second rounds held between 10 and 14 May, taking the total number of elected deputies to 278, in addition to the 50 appointed deputies. [2]
Further members were later elected, although thirteen seats were never filled. [3]
The Belarusian Popular Front (BNF) won around 25–37 seats (different figures are given as not all of the elected members were formally members of the BNF). [3] By the start of 1991 the Communists had broken into several factions; the main Communist Party group had 170 members, with 40 in the affiliated Agrarian group, 35 in the affiliated Industrialists group, and 30 in a hardline "Union" group. The BNF faction had 27 members. [3]
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The electoral system of the Soviet Union was varying over time, being based upon Chapter XIII of the provisional Fundamental Law of 1922, articles 9 and 10 of the 1924 Constitution and Chapter XI of the 1936 Constitution, with the electoral laws enacted in conformity with those. The Constitution and laws applied to elections in all Soviets, from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, the Union republics and autonomous republics, through to regions, districts and towns. Voting was claimed to be secret and direct with universal suffrage. However, in practice, between 1936 and 1989, voters could vote against candidates preselected by the Communist Party only by spoiling their ballots, or by voting against the only candidate, whereas votes for the party candidates could be cast simply by submitting a blank ballot. A person would be given a ballot by a clerk, and could immediately walk to the ballot box, and while there were booths in which one could strike the candidates they voted against off the ballot, this was easy to record and was not commonly done by voters.
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