19P/Borrelly

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19P/Borrelly
Comet Borrelly Nucleus.jpg
Discovery
Discovered by Alphonse Borrelly
Discovery dateDecember 28, 1904
Designations
1905 II; 1911 VIII; 1918 IV;
1925 VIII; 1932 IV; 1953 IV;
1960 V; 1967 VIII; 1974 VII;
1981 IV; 1987 XXXIII; 1994 XXX
Orbital characteristics
Epoch 2022-08-09 (JD 2459800.5)
Aphelion 5.90 AU [1]
Perihelion 1.306 AU [1]
3.61 AU
Eccentricity 0.6377
6.85 yr
Inclination 29.30°
2028-Dec-11 [2]
February 1, 2022 (last) [1]
Earth  MOID 0.36  AU (54 million  km)
Physical characteristics
Dimensions 8×4×4 km [3]
2.4 km [4]
Mass 2×1013 kg [5]
Mean density
0.3 g/cm3 [6]
Albedo 0.03 [7]
    Perihelion distance
    at recent epochs     [1]
    Epoch Perihelion
    (AU)
    20281.310 [2]
    20221.306
    20151.349
    20081.355

    Comet Borrelly /bɒˈrɛli/ or Borrelly's Comet (official designation: 19P/Borrelly) is a comet with a period of 6.85 years that was visited by the spacecraft Deep Space 1 in 2001. The comet last came to perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) on February 1, 2022 [1] [8] and will next come to perihelion on December 11, 2028. [2]

    Contents

    19P/Borrelly closest Earth approach on 2028-Dec-05
    Date & time of
    closest approach    		Earth distance
    (AU)    		Sun distance
    (AU)    		Velocity
    wrt Earth
    (km/s)    		Velocity
    wrt Sun
    (km/s)    		Uncertainty
    region
    (3-sigma)    		Reference
    2028-Dec-05 19:12 ± 6 min0.413  AU (61.8 million  km ; 38.4 million  mi ; 161  LD )1.31 AU (196 million km; 122 million mi; 510 LD)17.333.3± 41 thousand km Horizons

    Deep Space 1 returned images of the comet's nucleus from 3400 kilometers away. At 45 meters per pixel, it was the highest resolution view ever seen of a comet up until that time. [9]

    Discovery

    The comet was discovered by Alphonse Borrelly during a routine search for comets at Marseille, France on December 28, 1904.

    Exploration

    Deep Space 1 flyby

    Animation of Deep Space 1's trajectory from 24 October 1998 to 31 December 2003 .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{} Deep Space 1 * 9969 Braille * Earth * 19P/Borrelly Animation of Deep Space 1 trajectory.gif
    Animation of Deep Space 1's trajectory from 24 October 1998 to 31 December 2003
       Deep Space 1 ·   9969 Braille  ·   Earth  ·  19P/Borrelly

    On September 21, 2001 the spacecraft Deep Space 1, which was launched to test new equipment in space, performed a flyby of Borrelly. It was steered toward the comet during the extended mission of the craft, and presented an unexpected bonus for the mission scientists. Despite the failure of a system that helped determine its orientation, Deep Space 1 managed to send back to Earth what were, at the time, the best images and other science data from a comet.

    The orbits of three periodic comets, 1P/Halley, 19P/Borrelly and 153P/Ikeya-Zhang, set against the orbits of the outer planets. Orbits of periodic comets.svg
    The orbits of three periodic comets, 1P/Halley, 19P/Borrelly and 153P/Ikeya-Zhang, set against the orbits of the outer planets.

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 MPC
    2. 1 2 3 "Horizons Batch for 19P/Borrelly (90000304) on 2028-Dec-11" (Perihelion occurs when rdot flips from negative to positive). JPL Horizons. Archived from the original on 2023-02-11. Retrieved 2023-07-06. (JPL#K222/14 Soln.date: 2023-May-25)
    3. ↑ Weaver, H. A.; Stern, S.A.; Parker, J. Wm. (2003). "Hubble Space Telescope STIS Observations of Comet 19P/BORRELLY during the Deep Space 1 Encounter". The Astronomical Journal. 126 (1). The American Astronomical Society: 444–451. Bibcode:2003AJ....126..444W. doi: 10.1086/375752 .
    4. ↑ "19P/Borrelly: Facts & Figures". Archived from the original on 2014-08-09. Retrieved 2014-08-08.
    5. ↑ Using the volume of an ellipsoid of 8x4x4km * a rubble pile density of 0.3 g/cm3 yields a mass (m=d*v) of 2.0E+13 kg.
    6. ↑ D. T. Britt; G. J. Consol-magno SJ; W. J. Merline (2006). "Small Body Density and Porosity: New Data, New Insights" (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
    7. ↑ Robert Roy Britt (2001-11-29). "Comet Borrelly Puzzle: Darkest Object in the Solar System". Space.com. Archived from the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 2008-12-16.
    8. ↑ Seiichi Yoshida (2021-04-03). "19P/Borrelly". Seiichi Yoshida's Comet Catalog. Retrieved 2022-06-15.
    9. ↑ Beatty, Kelly (25 June 2004). "Meet Comet Borrelly". Sky & Telescope. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
    Numbered comets
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