1st National Congress of Kuomintang

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Venue for the 1st National Congress of Kuomintang KMTfirstCongress1924.jpg
Venue for the 1st National Congress of Kuomintang
Building venue exterior National Congress Kuomintang Canton.JPG
Building venue exterior

The 1st National Congress of Kuomintang (Chinese :中國國民黨第一次全國代表大会) was the first national congress of Kuomintang, held on 20–30 January 1924 at Guangzhou, Guangdong, Republic of China. [1]

Chinese language family of languages

Chinese is a group of related, but in many cases not mutually intelligible, language varieties, forming the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Chinese is spoken by the ethnic Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in China. About 1.2 billion people speak some form of Chinese as their first language.

Kuomintang Political party in the Republic of China

The Kuomintang of China (KMT), also often alternatively translated as the Nationalist Party of China (NPC) is a major political party in the Republic of China based in Taipei that was founded in 1911. The KMT was formerly the sole ruling party of the Republic of China from 1928 to 2000 and is currently an opposition political party in the Legislative Yuan.

Guangzhou Prefecture-level and Sub-provincial city in Guangdong, Peoples Republic of China

Guangzhou, also known as Canton and formerly romanized as Kwangchow or Kwong Chow, is the capital and most populous city of the province of Guangdong in southern China. On the Pearl River about 120 km (75 mi) north-northwest of Hong Kong and 145 km (90 mi) north of Macau, Guangzhou has a history of over 2,200 years and was a major terminus of the maritime Silk Road, and continues to serve as a major port and transportation hub, as well as one of China's three largest cities.

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During this first congress, Kuomintang's reorganization process to become Kuomintang of China (Chinese :中國國民黨) in 1919 from the previous Chinese Revolutionary Party was formally completed. [2] A policy declaration was also drafted to fight against imperialism and feudalism, determining three policies of alliance with Soviet Union and alliance with the Communist Party of China. [3] This first congress eventually led to the reunification of China four years later after the Northern Expedition. [4]

Traditional Chinese characters Traditional Chinese characters

Traditional Chinese characters are Chinese characters in any character set that does not contain newly created characters or character substitutions performed after 1946. They are most commonly the characters in the standardized character sets of Taiwan, of Hong Kong and Macau. The modern shapes of traditional Chinese characters first appeared with the emergence of the clerical script during the Han dynasty and have been more or less stable since the 5th century.

Soviet Union 1922–1991 country in Europe and Asia

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), was a federal sovereign state in northern Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. Nominally a union of multiple national Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The country was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital in its largest republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Other major urban centers were Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Tashkent, Alma-Ata, and Novosibirsk. It spanned over 10,000 kilometers (6,200 mi) east to west across 11 time zones, and over 7,200 kilometers (4,500 mi) north to south. It had five climate zones: tundra, taiga, steppes, desert and mountains.

Communist Party of China Political party of the Peoples Republic of China

The Communist Party of China (CPC) is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China. The CPC is the sole governing party within mainland China, permitting only eight other, subordinated parties to co-exist, those making up the United Front. It was founded in 1921, chiefly by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao. The party grew quickly, and by 1949 it had driven the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) government from mainland China after the Chinese Civil War, leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China. It also controls the world's largest armed forces, the People's Liberation Army.

[5] As time progressed, the Chinese Kuomintang (KMT) lost its grip in China and after its defeat on the Chinese mainland, the party retreat to Taiwan. From 1950 to 1952, the KMT underwent a thorough organizational restructuring. The result was a renewal of its Leninist origins from the previous reorganization in 1924. [6] This came from the help of the Kuomintang Central Reform Committee. The Kuomintang Committee created a variety of direct or indirect controls over the government and society that gave it unquestioned dominance. This eventually led to the party interacting closely with the people on Taiwan as a result of the party recruitment and the implementation of local-level political reforms, two salient agendas that had never taken place in the mainland.

The KMT Today

[7] On the first electoral defeat of the age-old Kuomintang (KMT) in the year 2000, many predicted its disintegration. However, as the 2004 election unfolded, many forecast its triumphant return.The party pursued a reform strategy before forging a pact with like-minded parties, and reestablished its leadership among the alliance of political opposition parties. The party itself however, is still going through an identity crisis and is struggling to maintain a foothold in the political format of China.

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The 10th National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang was the tenth national congress of the Kuomintang, held between 29 March to 9 April, 1969 on Taiwan, though the date has also been put as having been held on 12 November 1973 in Taiwan.

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The 16th National Congress of Kuomintang was the sixteenth national congress of Kuomintang, held on 29–30 July 2001 in Taipei, Taiwan.

The 17th National Congress of Kuomintang was the seventeenth national congress of Kuomintang, held on 19–20 August 2005 at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall in Taipei, Taiwan.

The 2nd National Congress of Kuomintang was the second national congress of Kuomintang, held in 1–19 January 1926 at Kwangchow, Kwangtung, Republic of China.

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References

  1. ↑ "Kuomintang News Network". Kmt.org.tw. 1991-05-20. Archived from the original on 2014-07-09. Retrieved 2014-05-11.
  2. ↑ "Kuomintang News Network". Kmt.org.tw. Retrieved 2014-05-11.
  3. ↑ "Jan 20—30,1924: Chinese Kuomintang holds its first National Congress". Chinadaily.com.cn. Retrieved 2014-05-11.
  4. ↑ "Kuomintang 10th Congress and its mission of national recovery". Archived from the original on 2014-05-12. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
  5. ↑ a. Dickson, B. J. (1993). The Lessons of Defeat: The Reorganization of the Kuomintang on Taiwan, 1950–52. The China Quarterly, 133, 56. Retrieved November 20, 2017, from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/china-quarterly/article/lessons-of-defeat-the-reorganization-of-the-kuomintang-on-taiwan-195052/B2258B8ECBCC4A32135B858C5128E2C0
  6. ↑ b. Myers, R. H. (2009). Toward an Enlightened Authoritarian Polity: the Kuomintang Central Reform Committee on Taiwan, 1950-1952. Journal of Contemporary China, 18(59), 185-199. Retrieved November 21, 2017, from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10670560802575945
  7. ↑ c. Cheng, T. (2006). Strategizing Party Adaptation. Party Politics, 12(3), 367-394. Retrieved November 22, 2017, from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1354068806063086
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