2009

This article is about the year 2009. For the Glee episode, see 2009 (Glee).

Millennium:	3rd millennium
Centuries:	20th century 21st century 22nd century
Decades:	1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s
Years:	2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

2009 by topic:

Arts

Animation (Anime) – Architecture – Comics – Film (Horror, Science fiction) – Home video – Literature (Poetry) – Music (Classical, Country, Hip hop, Jazz, Latin, Metal, Rock, UK, US, Korea) – Radio – Photo – Television (Italy, UK, Scotland, US) – Video games

Politics and government

Elections – International leaders – Sovereign states Sovereign state leaders – Territorial governors

Science and technology

Archaeology – Biotechnology – Computing – Palaeontology – Quantum computing and communication – Senescence research – Space/Astronomy – Spaceflight – Sustainable energy research - Weather

Environment

Birding/Ornithology

Climate change

Transportation

Aviation – Rail transport

Sports

American football – Association football – Athletics (sport) – Badminton – Baseball – Basketball – Chess – Combat sports – Cricket – Cycling – Golf – Ice hockey – Rugby union – Swimming – Tennis – Volleyball

By place

Afghanistan – Albania – Algeria – Andorra – Angola – Antarctica – Argentina – Armenia – Australia – Austria – Azerbaijan – Bangladesh – The Bahamas – Bahrain – Barbados – Belarus – Belgium – Benin – Bhutan – Bolivia – Bosnia and Herzegovina – Botswana – Brazil – Bulgaria – Burkina Faso – Burundi – Cambodia – Cameroon – Canada – Cape Verde – Central African Republic – Chad – Chile – China – Colombia – Costa Rica – Comoros – Croatia – Cuba – Cyprus – Czech Republic – Denmark – Ecuador – Egypt – El Salvador – Eritrea – Estonia – Ethiopia – European Union – Eswatini – Equatorial Guinea – Fiji – Finland – France – Gabon – Georgia – Germany – Ghana – Greece – Guatemala – Guinea – Guinea-Bissau – Guyana – Haiti – Honduras – Hong Kong – Hungary – Iceland – India – Indonesia – Iran – Iraq – Ireland – Israel – Italy – Ivory Coast – Japan – Jordan – Kazakhstan – Kenya – Kiribati – Kosovo – Kuwait – Kyrgyzstan – Laos – Latvia – Lebanon – Lesotho – Liberia – Libya – Lithuania – Luxembourg – Macau – Madagascar – Marshall Islands – Malawi – Malaysia – Mali – Malta – Mauritania – Mexico – Micronesia – Moldova – Mongolia – Montenegro – Morocco – Mozambique – Myanmar – Nauru – Namibia – Nepal – Netherlands – New Zealand – Nicaragua – Niger – Nigeria – North Korea – North Macedonia – Norway – Oman – Pakistan – Palau – Palestine – Panama – Papua New Guinea – Paraguay – Peru – Philippines – Poland – Portugal – Qatar – Romania – Russia – Rwanda – Samoa – Saudi Arabia – Senegal – Serbia – Seychelles – Singapore – Slovakia – Slovenia – Somalia – South Africa – Solomon Islands – South Korea – South Sudan – Spain – Sri Lanka – Sudan – Sweden – Switzerland – Syria – Taiwan – Tajikistan – Tanzania – Thailand – Togo – Tonga – Tunisia – Turkey – Turkmenistan – Tuvalu – Uganda – Ukraine – United Arab Emirates – United Kingdom – United States – Uruguay – Uzbekistan – Vanuatu – Venezuela – Vietnam – Yemen – Zambia – Zimbabwe

Other topics

Religious leaders

Birth and death categories

Births – Deaths

Establishments and disestablishments categories

Establishments – Disestablishments

Works and introductions categories

Works – Introductions Works entering the public domain

v t e

2009 in various calendars

Gregorian calendar	2009 MMIX
Ab urbe condita	2762
Armenian calendar	1458 ԹՎ ՌՆԾԸ
Assyrian calendar	6759
Baháʼí calendar	165–166
Balinese saka calendar	1930–1931
Bengali calendar	1416
Berber calendar	2959
British Regnal year	57  Eliz. 2  – 58  Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar	2553
Burmese calendar	1371
Byzantine calendar	7517–7518
Chinese calendar	戊子年 (Earth  Rat) 4705 or 4645     — to — 己丑年 (Earth  Ox) 4706 or 4646
Coptic calendar	1725–1726
Discordian calendar	3175
Ethiopian calendar	2001–2002
Hebrew calendar	5769–5770
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	2065–2066
- Shaka Samvat	1930–1931
- Kali Yuga	5109–5110
Holocene calendar	12009
Igbo calendar	1009–1010
Iranian calendar	1387–1388
Islamic calendar	1430–1431
Japanese calendar	Heisei 21 (平成２１年)
Javanese calendar	1941–1942
Juche calendar	98
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4342
Minguo calendar	ROC 98 民國98年
Nanakshahi calendar	541
Thai solar calendar	2552
Tibetan calendar	阳土鼠年 (male Earth-Rat) 2135 or 1754 or 982     — to — 阴土牛年 (female Earth-Ox) 2136 or 1755 or 983
Unix time	1230768000 – 1262303999

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2009 .

2009 (MMIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, the 2009th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 9th year of the 3rd millennium and the 21st century, and the 10th and last year of the 2000s decade.

2009 was designated as:

• International Year of Astronomy ^{[1] [2]}
• International Year of Natural Fibres ^[3]
• International Year of Reconciliation
• Year of the Gorilla (UNEP and UNESCO)

Events

January

White phosphorus shelling by Israel during the Gaza War

Times Square jumbotron signifying New Years Day, 2009

• January 1
  • Austria, Japan, Mexico, Turkey and Uganda assume their seats on the United Nations Security Council.
  • Asunción, the capital of Paraguay, becomes the American Capital of Culture and Vilnius and Linz become the European Capitals of Culture.
  • Slovakia adopts the euro as its national currency, replacing the Slovak koruna. ^[4]
• January 3 – The first ("Genesis") block of the blockchain of the cryptocurrency and decentralized payment system Bitcoin is established by the creator of the system, known as Satoshi Nakamoto. ^[5]
• January 15 – US Airways Flight 1549 ditches in the Hudson River in an accident that becomes known as the "Miracle on the Hudson", as all 155 people on board are rescued.
• January 18 – Gaza War: Hamas announces they will accept the Israel Defense Forces offer of a ceasefire, ending the conflict.
• January 19 – Duy Tan University established The International School.
• January 20 – Barack Obama is sworn in as the 44th President of the United States, becoming the first African-American to hold the office. ^[6]
• January 21 – Israel withdraws from the Gaza Strip, officially ending its three-week war with Hamas. ^[7] However, intermittent air strikes by both sides continue in the following weeks. ^{[8] [9] [10]}
• January 26
  • The first trial at the International Criminal Court opens. Former Union of Congolese Patriots leader Thomas Lubanga Dyilo is accused of training child soldiers to kill, pillage and rape. ^[11]
  • The Icelandic government and banking system collapse. Prime Minister Geir Haarde immediately resigns. ^[12]
  • An annular solar eclipse takes place over the Indian Ocean, the 50th solar eclipse of Saros cycle 131.
• January 28 - WikiLeaks releases 86 intercepted telephone recordings of politicians and businessmen involved in the 2008 Peru oil scandal. ^[13]
• January 31 - Tiféret Israel Synagogue attack, profanation of the oldest synagogue in Caracas, Venezuela. ^[14]

February

• February 1
  • Patriarch Kirill of Moscow is enthroned as the Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church following the death of his predecessor, Alexy II in 2008. ^[15]
  • Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir is appointed as the new Prime Minister of Iceland, becoming the world's first openly lesbian head of government. ^[16]
• February 25 – Soldiers of Bangladeshi border security force Bangladesh Rifles (BDR) mutiny and take the commanding army officers and their families hostages at the force's headquarters in Pilkhana, Dhaka. 57 army officers are killed along with 17 civilians by the mutineers.
• February 26 – Former Serbian president Milan Milutinović is acquitted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia regarding war crimes during the Kosovo War. ^[17]

March

• March 2 – The President of Guinea-Bissau, João Bernardo Vieira, is assassinated during an armed attack on his residence in Bissau. ^[18]
• March 4 – The International Criminal Court issues an arrest warrant for Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir for war crimes and crimes against humanity in Darfur. al-Bashir is the first sitting head of state to be indicted by the ICC since its establishment in 2002. ^[19]
• March 7 – NASA's Kepler Mission, a space photometer that will search for extrasolar planets in the Milky Way galaxy, is launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, USA.
• March 17 – The President of Madagascar, Marc Ravalomanana, is overthrown in a coup d'état, following a month of unrest in Antananarivo. ^[20]

April

• April 1 – Albania and Croatia are admitted to NATO, becoming the newest members of the organization. ^[21]
• April 5 – North Korea launches a rocket from its Tonghae Satellite Launching Ground, which it says is carrying the Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 satellite, prompting an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council. ^[22]
• April 6 – A 6.3 magnitude earthquake strikes near L'Aquila, Italy, killing 308 and injuring more than 1,500. ^[23]
• April 21 – UNESCO launches The World Digital Library. ^[24]

May

• May 11-24 – Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched to refurbish the Hubble Space Telescope on May 11, landing at Edwards Air Force Base May 24. ^[25]
• May 12–16 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2009 takes place in Moscow, Russia, and is won by Norwegian entrant Alexander Rybak with the song "Fairytale".
• May 17 Minecraft get its first update by Mojang Studios.
• May 18 – Following more than a quarter-century of fighting, the Sri Lankan Civil War ends with the total military defeat of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. ^[26]
• May 25 – North Korea announces that it has conducted a second successful nuclear test in North Hamgyong Province. The United Nations Security Council condemns the reported test. ^[27]

June

"June 2009" redirects here. For the album by Toro Y Moi, see June 2009 (album).

• June 1 – Air France Flight 447, en route from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to Paris, crashes into the Atlantic Ocean, killing all 228 on board.
• June 11 – The outbreak of the H1N1 influenza strain, commonly referred to as "swine flu", is deemed a global pandemic. ^[28]
• June 13 – Mass protests erupt across Iran following a disputed presidential election in which Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was reelected president, the largest demonstrations in the country since the Iranian Revolution. ^[29]
• June 18 – NASA launches the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter / LCROSS probes to the Moon, the first American lunar mission since Lunar Prospector in 1998.
• June 21 – Greenland gains self-rule.
• June 25 – The death of American entertainer Michael Jackson triggers an outpouring of worldwide grief. Online, reactions to the event cripple several major websites and services, as the abundance of people accessing the web addresses pushes internet traffic to unprecedented and historic levels.
• June 28 – The Military of Honduras ousts Honduran President Manuel Zelaya in a coup d'état, ^[30] condemned by OAS. ^[31]
• June 30 – Yemenia Flight 626 crashes off the coast of Moroni, Comoros, killing all but one of the 153 passengers and crew. ^[32]

July

Riots broke out in Xinjiang in July and September

• July 5 – Violent riots broke out in Ürümqi, Xinjiang. PRC officials said that a total of 197 people died.
• July 7 – Michael Jackson memorial service, takes place at Staples Center, watched by over 2.5 billion people worldwide.
• July 15 – Caspian Airlines Flight 7908, en route from Tehran, Iran, to Yerevan, Armenia crashes into the Jannatabad village in Qazvin Province  ; killing all 168 on board.
• July 16 – Iceland's national parliament, the Althingi, votes to pursue joining the EU. ^[33]
• July 17 – Two bombs exploded separately at the JW Marriott and Ritz-Carlton Hotels in Jakarta, Indonesia, killing 9 people (including 2 suicide bombers) and injuring 53. ^[34]
• July 22 – The longest total solar eclipse of the 21st century, lasting up to 6 minutes and 38.86 seconds (0.14 seconds shorter than 6 minutes and 39 seconds), occurs over parts of Asia and the Pacific Ocean.
• July 26 – The Islamic extremist group Boko Haram initiates an uprising in Bauchi State, Nigeria and quickly spreads throughout the northern part of the country. ^[35]

August

• August 3 – Bolivia becomes the first South American country to declare the right of indigenous people to govern themselves. ^[36]
• August 7 – Typhoon Morakot hits Taiwan, killing 673 and stranding more than 1,000 via the worst flooding on the island in half a century. ^[37]
• August 14 – The United Kingdom imposes direct rule on the Turks and Caicos Islands after an inquiry that found evidence of government corruption. ^[38]

September

• September 21 – China becomes the first country to succeed a completed clinical trial by a company for the 2009/H1N1 vaccine in the world during the flu pandemic.
• September 22 - WikiLeaks exposes the contents of Kaupthing Bank's internal documents prior to the Icelandic Financial Crisis. These documents showed suspicious amounts of money were loaned to bank owners, and debts being written off. ^[39]
• September 23 - Korba chimney collapse: At least 45 workers are killed when lightning strikes a chimney under construction in Korba, Chhattisgarh, India, causing it to collapse. ^[40]
• September 26 – Typhoon Ketsana, PAGASA Name: Ondoy, makes landfall in The Philippines, killing hundreds in Metro Manila and flooding in Huế, Vietnam.
• September 28 – At least 157 demonstrators are massacred by the Guinean military at the Stade du 28 Septembre during a protest against the government that came to power in a coup d'état the previous year. ^[41]
• September 29 – A 8.1 M_w earthquake strikes Samoa, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong), leaving at least 192 people dead. ^[42]
• September 30 – A 7.6 M_w earthquake strikes Sumatra, Indonesia, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), leaving at least 1,115 people dead. ^[43]

October

• October 1 – Paleontologists announce the discovery of an Ardipithecus ramidus fossil skeleton, deeming it the oldest remains of a human ancestor yet found. ^[44]
• October 2
  • Ireland holds a second referendum on the EU's Lisbon Treaty. The amendment is approved by the Irish electorate, ^{[45] [46] [47] [48] [49]} having been rejected in the Lisbon I referendum held last year.
  • The International Olympic Committee awards Rio de Janeiro the right to host the 2016 Summer Olympics. ^[50]
• October 15 - It is revealed the company Trafigura has been using a super-injunction to stop The Guardian from reporting about the 2006 Côte d'Ivoire toxic dumping incident, which Trafigura was responsible for. ^[51]
• October 20
  • Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono is inaugurated for a second term as President of Indonesia.
  • WikiLeaks leaked the membership listing of a radical political group known as the British National Party. ^[52]
• October 25 – Two suicide attacks in Baghdad, Iraq, kill 155 people and injure at least 721 people. ^[53]
• October 29 – Grand Theft Auto: The Ballad Of Gay Tony is released worldwide on the Xbox 360, Windows, and PS3.

November

• November 3
  • The Czech Republic becomes the final member-state of the European Union to sign the Treaty of Lisbon, thereby permitting that document's initiation into European law. ^[54]
  • The Prime Minister of Belgium, Herman Van Rompuy, is designated the first permanent President of the European Council, ^[55] a position he takes up on December 1, 2009. ^{[56] [57] [58]}
• November 10 - Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 was released ^{[59] [ circular reference ]}
• November 13 – Having analyzed the data from the LCROSS lunar impact, NASA announces that it has found a "significant" quantity of water in the Moon's Cabeus crater. ^{[60] [61]}
• November 23 – In the Philippines, at least 58 people are abducted and killed in the province of Maguindanao, in what the Committee to Protect Journalists called the single deadliest attack on journalists in history. ^[62]

December

• December 1 – The Treaty of Lisbon comes into force. ^[63]
• December 7 – 18 – The UNFCCC's 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference is held in Copenhagen, Denmark. ^[64]
• December 8 – A series of attacks in Baghdad, Iraq kill at least 127 people and injure at least 448 more. ^[65]
• December 16 – Astronomers discover GJ 1214 b, the first-known exoplanet on which water could exist. ^[66]
• December 15 – First flight of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.
• December 18 – Avatar is released in theaters, breaking many box-office records, including becoming the highest-grossing movie at the time.
• December 25
  • A Nigerian terrorist plotted an attempted terrorist bombing of Northwest Airlines Flight 253 en route from Amsterdam to Detroit. ^{[67] [ importance? ]}
  • The mystery action movie Sherlock Holmes , directed by Guy Ritchie, is released. It becomes the highest breaking record on Christmas Day in the box office at a gross of $25 million.

Unknown

The flu pandemic in 2009 begins in Mexico, soon spreading to the U.S. and then around the world.^{[ citation needed ]}

Births

Ayelet Galena

• January 1 – Hend Zaza, Syrian table tennis player
• January 26 – YaYa Gosselin, American actress ^{[68] [69]}
• January 29 – The Suleman octuplets, notable multiple births
• April 6 – Valentina Tronel, French singer and winner of Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2020
• April 6 – Shaylee Mansfield, deaf American actress ^[70]
• April 15 – Julia Butters, American child actress
• May 4 – Prince Henrik of Denmark
• May 18 — Hala Finley, American actress ^{[71] [72]}
• June 23 – Xia Vigor, British-Filipino child actress
• December 5 - Ayelet Galena, notable victim of congenital disease (d. 2012)

Deaths

Further information: Category:2009 deaths

Deaths
January  · February  · March  · April  · May  · June  · July  · August  · September  · October  · November  · December

January

Main article: Deaths in January 2009

John Updike

Ingemar Johansson

• January 1
  • Nizar Rayan, Palestinian military and political leader (b. 1959)
  • Johannes Mario Simmel, Austrian writer (b. 1924)
  • Helen Suzman, South African activist and politician (b. 1917)
• January 2 – Steven Gilborn, American actor (b. 1936)
• January 3 – Pat Hingle, American actor (b. 1924)
• January 8 – Don Galloway, American actor (b. 1937)
• January 12
  • Claude Berri, French film director (b. 1934)
  • Arne Næss, Norwegian philosopher (b. 1912)
• January 13 – Patrick McGoohan, Irish-American actor (b. 1928)
• January 14 – Ricardo Montalbán, Mexican-born American film and television actor (b. 1920)
• January 16 – Andrew Wyeth, American painter (b. 1917)
• January 20 – Stéphanos II Ghattas, Egyptian Patriarch of Alexandria (b. 1920)
• January 22 – Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum, 21st Prime Minister of Cambodia (b. 1905)
• January 24 – Karl Koller, Austrian footballer (b. 1929)
• January 25 – Mamadou Dia, 1st Prime Minister of Senegal (b. 1910)
• January 27
  • John Updike, American writer (b. 1932)
  • R. Venkataraman, 8th President of India (b. 1910)
• January 30 – Ingemar Johansson, Swedish boxer (b. 1932)

February

Main article: Deaths in February 2009

James Whitmore

• February 6
  • Philip Carey, American actor (b. 1925)
  • James Whitmore, American actor (b. 1921)
• February 9 – Eluana Englaro, Italian patient in right-to-die case (b. 1970)
• February 11 – Estelle Bennett, American singer (b. 1941)
• February 12 – Giacomo Bulgarelli, Italian footballer (b. 1940)
• February 18 – Kamila Skolimowska, Polish hammer thrower (b. 1982)
• February 25 – Philip José Farmer, American writer (b. 1918)
• February 26 – Wendy Richard, English actress (b. 1943)
• February 27 – Manea Mănescu, 50th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1916)
• February 28 – Paul Harvey, American radio broadcaster (b. 1918)

March

Main article: Deaths in March 2009

João Bernardo Vieira

Natasha Richardson

• March 2 – João Bernardo Vieira, 2nd President of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1939)
• March 3 – Sydney Chaplin, American actor (b. 1926)
• March 4 – Horton Foote, American playwright and screenwriter (b. 1916)
• March 5 – Valeri Broshin, Turkish footballer and manager (b. 1962)
• March 7 – Tullio Pinelli, Italian screenwriter (b. 1908)
• March 8 – Hank Locklin, American country music singer (b. 1918)
• March 13
  • Betsy Blair, American actress (b. 1923)
  • James Purdy, American novelist, poet and playwright (b. 1914)
  • Test, Canadian-American professional wrestler and actor (b. 1975)
• March 14
  • Alain Bashung, French singer, songwriter and actor (b. 1947)
  • Edith Lucie Bongo, First Lady of Gabon (b. 1964)
• March 15 – Ron Silver, American actor and political activist (b. 1946)
• March 17 – Clodovil Hernandes, Brazilian fashion stylist (b. 1937)
• March 18 – Natasha Richardson, English actress (b. 1963)
• March 20 – Abdellatif Filali, 13th Prime Minister of Morocco (b. 1928)
• March 21 – Mohit Sharma, Indian army officer (b. 1978) ^[73]
• March 22 – Jade Goody, British reality TV star (b. 1981)
• March 25
  • Yukio Endō, Japanese gymnast (b. 1937)
  • Dan Seals, American country music singer-songwriter (b. 1948)
• March 28 – Janet Jagan, 6th Prime Minister and 6th President of Guyana (b. 1920)
• March 29
  • Andy Hallett, American singer and actor (b. 1975)
  • Maurice Jarre, French composer and conductor (b. 1924)
• March 31 – Raúl Alfonsín, 49th President of Argentina (b. 1927)

April

Main article: Deaths in April 2009

Bea Arthur

• April 12
  • Marilyn Chambers, American pornographic actress (b. 1952)
  • Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick, American social theorist (b. 1950)
• April 14 – Maurice Druon, French novelist (b. 1918)
• April 19 – J. G. Ballard, English novelist (b. 1930)
• April 22
  • Ken Annakin, English film director (b. 1914)
  • Jack Cardiff, English cinematographer (b. 1914)
• April 25 – Bea Arthur, American actress and singer (b. 1922) ^[74]
• April 26 – Pupuke Robati, 4th Prime Minister of Cook Islands (b. 1925)
• April 28
  • Vern Gosdin, American country music singer (b. 1934)
  • Ekaterina Maximova, Russian ballerina (b. 1939)

May

Main article: Deaths in May 2009

Dom DeLuise

Roh Moo-hyun

• May 2
  • Augusto Boal, Brazilian theatre director (b. 1931)
  • Jack Kemp, American politician and football player (b. 1935)
• May 4 – Dom DeLuise, American actor and comedian (b. 1933)
• May 9 – Chuck Daly, American basketball coach (b. 1930)
• May 11 – Abel Goumba, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (b. 1926)
• May 13 – Achille Compagnoni, Italian mountaineer (b. 1914)
• May 17 – Mario Benedetti, Uruguayan writer (b. 1920)
• May 18
  • Wayne Allwine, American voice actor (b. 1947)
  • Velupillai Prabhakaran, Sri Lankan militant (b. 1954)
• May 19 – Robert F. Furchgott, American scientist (b. 1916)
• May 20 – Lucy Gordon, British actress and model (b. 1980)
• May 23 – Roh Moo-hyun, 16th President of South Korea (b. 1946)
• May 27 – Clive Granger, British economist (b. 1934)
• May 29 – Karine Ruby, French snowboarder (b. 1978)
• May 30
  • Luís Cabral, 1st President of Guinea-Bissau (b. 1931)
  • Ephraim Katzir, 4th President of Israel (b. 1916)
  • Gaafar Nimeiry, 4th President of the Sudan (b. 1930)
• May 31
  • Kamala Surayya, Indian poet (b. 1934)
  • Milvina Dean, youngest and last survivor of the sinking of the RMS Titanic (b. 1912)

June

Main article: Deaths in June 2009

David Carradine

Farrah Fawcett

Michael Jackson

• June 1
  • Silvio Barbato, Italian-Brazilian opera conductor and composer (b. 1959)
  • Fatma Ceren Necipoğlu, Turkish harpist and university lecturer for piano and harp (b. 1972)
  • Prince Pedro Luiz of Orléans-Braganza, heir to the line of succession in Brazil (b. 1983)
• June 2 – David Eddings, American author (b. 1931)
• June 3
  • David Carradine, American actor (b. 1936)
  • Koko Taylor, American musician (b. 1928)
• June 6 – Jean Dausset, French Nobel immunologist (b. 1916)
• June 7 – Hugh Hopper, British guitarist (b. 1945)
• June 8 – Omar Bongo, 2nd President of Gabon (b. 1935)
• June 11 – Sumire, Japanese fashion model (b. 1987)^{[ importance? ]}
• June 12 – Félix Malloum, 3rd President of Chad (b. 1932)
• June 13 – Mitsuharu Misawa, Japanese professional wrestler (b. 1962)
• June 16 – Peter Arundell, British racing driver (b. 1933)
• June 17 – Ralf Dahrendorf, German-British social theorist and politician (b. 1929)
• June 18
  • Giovanni Arrighi, Italian economist, sociologist and world-systems analyst (b. 1937)
  • Hortensia Bussi, 28th First Lady of Chile (b. 1914)
• June 20 – Godfrey Rampling, English athlete and army officer (b. 1909)
• June 23 – Ed McMahon, American actor (b. 1923)
• June 24 – Olja Ivanjicki, Serbian painter, sculptor, and poet (b. 1931)
• June 25
  • Farrah Fawcett, American actress (b. 1947)
  • Michael Jackson, American singer, songwriter and dancer (b. 1958)
• June 27 – Gale Storm, American actress (b. 1922)
• June 30
  • Pina Bausch, German choreographer (b. 1940)
  • Harve Presnell, American actor and singer (b. 1933)
  • Shi Pei Pu, Chinese opera singer (b. 1938)

July

Main article: Deaths in July 2009

Karl Malden

Walter Cronkite

Bobby Robson

• July 1
  • Alexis Argüello, Nicaraguan boxer and politician (b. 1952)
  • Karl Malden, American actor (b. 1912)
• July 3 – Jorge Enrique Adoum, Ecuadorian writer, poet, politician, and diplomat (b. 1926)
• July 4
  • Brenda Joyce, American actress (b. 1917)
  • Allen Klein, American businessman (b. 1931)
• July 6
  • Vasily Aksyonov, Russian novelist (b. 1932)
  • Robert McNamara, 8th United States Secretary of Defense (b. 1916)
• July 11 – Arturo Gatti, Italian-Canadian boxer (b. 1972)
• July 13 – Amin al-Hafez, 22nd Prime Minister of Lebanon (b. 1926)
• July 15 – Natalya Estemirova, Russian human rights activist (b. 1958)
• July 17
  • Meir Amit, Israeli general and politician (b. 1921)
  • Walter Cronkite, American newscaster (b. 1916)
  • Leszek Kołakowski, Polish philosopher (b. 1927)
  • Gordon Waller, Scottish singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1945)
• July 18
  • Yasmine Belmadi, French actor (b. 1976)
  • Ricardo Londoño, Colombian racing driver (b. 1949)
• July 19
  • Frank McCourt, Irish-American author (b. 1930)
  • Henry Surtees, British racing driver (b. 1991)
• July 24 – José Carlos da Costa Araújo, Brazilian goalkeeper (b. 1962)
• July 25
  • Yasmin Ahmad, Malaysian film director, writer and scriptwriter (b. 1958)
  • Harry Patch, English war veteran (b. 1898)
• July 26 – Merce Cunningham, American choreographer (b. 1919)
• July 30 – Mohammed Yusuf, Nigerian Islamist militant leader, founder of Boko Haram (b. 1970)
• July 31 – Bobby Robson, English footballer and manager (b. 1933)

August

Main article: Deaths in August 2009

Corazon Aquino

Ted Kennedy

• August 1 – Corazon Aquino, 11th President of the Philippines (b. 1933)
• August 4 – Hirotugu Akaike, Japanese statistician (b. 1927)
• August 5 – Budd Schulberg, American screenwriter (b. 1914)
• August 6
  • John Hughes, American film director and writer (b. 1950)
  • Savka Dabčević-Kučar, Prime Minister of Croatia (b. 1923)
  • Willy DeVille, American singer-songwriter (b. 1950)
• August 8 – Daniel Jarque, Spanish footballer (b. 1983)
• August 9 – John Quade, American actor (b. 1938)
• August 10 – Urpo Korhonen, Finnish olympic cross-country skier (b. 1923)
• August 11 – Eunice Kennedy Shriver, American founder of the Special Olympics (b. 1921)
• August 12 – Rashied Ali, American free jazz drummer (b. 1933)
• August 13 – Les Paul, American musician and inventor (b. 1915)
• August 18 – Kim Dae-jung, 15th President of South Korea (b. 1924)
• August 23 – Anna-Maria Müller, German athlete (b. 1949)
• August 24 – Toni Sailer, Austrian alpine ski racer (b. 1935)
• August 25 – Ted Kennedy, American politician (b. 1932)
• August 26 – Abdul Aziz al-Hakim, Iraqi politician and theologian (b. 1953)
• August 27 – Sergey Mikhalkov, Soviet-Russian author (b. 1913)
• August 28 – DJ AM, American DJ (b. 1973)

September

Main article: Deaths in September 2009

Norman Borlaug

Patrick Swayze

• September 8 – Aage Bohr, Danish Nobel physicist (b. 1922)
• September 9 – Léon Glovacki, French footballer (b. 1928)
• September 11
  • Juan Almeida, Cuban revolutionary and politician (b. 1927)
  • Jim Carroll, American author, poet and musician (b. 1949)
  • Yoshito Usui, Japanese manga artist (b. 1958)
• September 12
  • Norman Borlaug, American Nobel agronomist (b. 1914)
  • Jack Kramer, American tennis player and promoter (b. 1921)
• September 13 – Paul Burke, American actor (b. 1926)
• September 14
  • Keith Floyd, British cook and restaurateur (b. 1943)
  • Henry Gibson, American actor and songwriter (b. 1935)
  • Patrick Swayze, American actor and dancer (b. 1952)
• September 16 – Mary Travers, American singer and songwriter (b. 1936)
• September 17 – Noordin Mohammad Top, Malaysian Islamist militant (b. 1968)
• September 18 – Irving Kristol, American writer and political commentator (b. 1920)
• September 23 – Ertuğrul Osman, 43rd Head of the Ottoman Dynasty (b. 1912)
• September 25 – Alicia de Larrocha, Spanish pianist (b. 1923)
• September 28 – Guillermo Endara, 32nd President of Panama (b. 1936)
• September 29 – Pavel Popovich, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1930)

October

Main article: Deaths in October 2009

Mercedes Sosa

Al Martino

• October 2
  • Marek Edelman, Polish political and social activist (b. 1922)
  • Rolf Rüssmann, German footballer (b. 1950)
• October 4
  • Shōichi Nakagawa, Japanese politician (b. 1953)
  • Günther Rall, German fighter pilot (b. 1918)
  • Mercedes Sosa, Argentine singer (b. 1935)
• October 5 – Israel Gelfand, Soviet-American mathematician (b. 1913)
• October 7 – Irving Penn, American photographer (b. 1917)
• October 10 – Stephen Gately, Irish singer (b. 1976)
• October 11 – Joan Martí i Alanis, 64th Co-Prince of Andorra (b. 1928)
• October 12 – Frank Vandenbroucke, Belgian cyclist (b. 1974)
• October 13 – Al Martino, American singer and actor (b. 1927)
• October 14 – Lou Albano, Italian-American professional wrestler, manager, and actor (b. 1933)
• October 17 – Carla Boni, Italian singer (b. 1925)
• October 19 – Joseph Wiseman, Canadian actor (b. 1918)
• October 20 – Yuri Ryazanov, Russian artistic gymnast (b. 1987)
• October 22 – Soupy Sales, American comedian, actor, radio/television personality (b. 1926)
• October 28 – Taylor Mitchell, Canadian singer (b. 1990)
• October 30 – Claude Lévi-Strauss, French anthropologist (b. 1908)
• October 31 – Hsue-Shen Tsien, Chinese scientist (b. 1911)

November

Main article: Deaths in November 2009

Vitaly Ginzburg

Samak Sundaravej

• November 1 – Alda Merini, Italian poet (b. 1931) ^[75]
• November 2 – Amir Pnueli, Israeli computer scientist (b. 1941)
• November 3 – Francisco Ayala, Spanish novelist (b. 1906)
• November 8 – Vitaly Ginzburg, Russian Nobel physicist (b. 1916)
• November 10
  • Robert Enke, German footballer (b. 1977)
  • John Allen Muhammad, African-American spree killer (b. 1960) ^[76]
• November 15
  • Pierre Harmel, 39th Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1911)
  • Pavle, Serbian Patriarch, Patriarch of the Serbian Orthodox Church (b. 1914)
  • Jocelyn Quivrin, French actor (b. 1979)
• November 16
  • Antonio de Nigris, Mexican footballer (b. 1978)
  • Edward Woodward, English actor and singer (b. 1930)
• November 18 – Jeanne-Claude, French-American artist (b. 1935)
• November 19 – Daul Kim, South Korean model (b. 1989)
• November 20 – Lino Lacedelli, Italian mountaineer (b. 1925)
• November 21 – Konstantin Feoktistov, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1926)
• November 24 – Samak Sundaravej, 25th Prime Minister of Thailand (b. 1935)
• November 26 – Ecaterina Stahl-Iencic, Romanian fencer (b. 1946)
• November 30
  • Paul Naschy, Spanish actor (b. 1934)
  • Milorad Pavić, Serbian writer (b. 1929)

December

Main article: Deaths in December 2009

Paul Samuelson

Jennifer Jones

Brittany Murphy

Rafael Caldera

Abdurrahman Wahid

• December 2 – Eric Woolfson, Scottish singer and keyboardist (b. 1945)
• December 3 – Richard Todd, Irish-born British actor (b. 1919)
• December 4
  • Vyacheslav Tikhonov, Russian actor (b. 1928)
  • Umaga, Samoan-American professional wrestler (b. 1973)
• December 5
  • Alfred Hrdlicka, Austrian artist (b. 1928)
  • Otto Graf Lambsdorff, German politician (b. 1926)
• December 9
  • Gene Barry, American actor (b. 1919)
  • Rodrigo Carazo Odio, 38th President of Costa Rica (b. 1926)
• December 12
  • Val Avery, American actor (b. 1924)
  • Klavdiya Boyarskikh, Soviet cross-country skier (b. 1939)
• December 13 – Paul Samuelson, American Nobel Prize-winning economist (b. 1915)
• December 14 – Alan A'Court, English footballer (b. 1934)
• December 15 – Oral Roberts, American Evangelist (b. 1918)
• December 16
  • Roy E. Disney, American businessman (b. 1930)
  • Yegor Gaidar, Russian politician (b. 1956)
• December 17
  • Amin al-Hafiz, President and Prime Minister of Syria (b. 1921)
  • Alaina Reed Hall, American actress (b. 1946)
  • Jennifer Jones, American actress (b. 1919)
  • Michel Leblond, French footballer (b. 1932)
  • Dan O'Bannon, American screenwriter (b. 1946)
• December 19
  • Hussein-Ali Montazeri, Iranian scholar and human rights activist (b. 1922)
  • Kim Peek, American savant (b. 1951)
• December 20
  • Brittany Murphy, American actress and singer (b. 1977)
  • Arnold Stang, American actor and comedian (b. 1918)
• December 21 – Edwin G. Krebs, American Nobel biologist (b. 1918)
• December 23
  • Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme, Tibetan politician (b. 1910)
  • Edward Schillebeeckx, Belgian theologian (b. 1914)
• December 24 – Rafael Caldera, 54th and 60th President of Venezuela (b. 1916)
• December 25 – Vic Chesnutt, American singer-songwriter (b. 1964)
• December 26
  • Dennis Brutus, South African activist, educator, journalist and poet (b. 1924)
  • Jacques Sylla, 12th Prime Minister of Madagascar (b. 1946)
• December 27 – Takashi Takabayashi, Japanese footballer (b. 1931)
• December 28 – The Rev, American musician (b. 1981)
• December 30
  • Bessie Blount Griffin, American physical therapist, inventor and forensic scientist (b. 1914) ^[77]
  • Rowland S. Howard, Australian musician (b. 1959)
  • Peter Shirayanagi, Japanese cardinal (b. 1928)
  • Abdurrahman Wahid, 4th President of Indonesia (b. 1940)
• December 31 – Rashidi Kawawa, 1st Prime Minister of Tanzania (b. 1924)

Nobel Prizes

The Nobel Prize medallion.

• Chemistry – Ada Yonath, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, and Thomas A. Steitz ^[78]
• Economics – Elinor Ostrom and Oliver E. Williamson ^[79]
• Literature – Herta Müller
• Peace – Barack Obama
• Physics – Charles K. Kao, Willard Boyle, and George E. Smith ^[80]
• Physiology or Medicine – Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol W. Greider, and Jack W. Szostak ^[81]

New English words

• alt-right
• copernicium
• subtweet ^[82]

References

1. "News Release – IAU0606: The International Astronomical Union announces the International Year of Astronomy 2009". International Astronomical Union. October 27, 2006. Archived from the original on September 19, 2008. Retrieved November 1, 2008.
2. "The International Year of Astronomy 2009". IYA2009. Archived from the original on November 3, 2008. Retrieved November 1, 2008.
3. United Nations General Assembly Session 61 Resolution189. International Year of National Fibres, 2009A/RES/61/189 December 20, 2006. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
4. Watson, Rory (December 29, 2008). "Slovakia adopts the euro on January 1". The Times. London. Retrieved March 9, 2010.(subscription required)
5. Davis, Joshua (October 11, 2011). "The Crypto-Currency: Bitcoin and its mysterious inventor". The New Yorker . Archived from the original on September 18, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2019.
6. Ruane, Michael (January 20, 2009). "D.C.'s Inauguration Head Count: 1.8 Million". The Washington Post . Retrieved January 22, 2009.
7. "Last Israeli troops 'leave Gaza'". BBC News. January 21, 2009. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
8. Yanir Yagna (February 28, 2009). "At least six Gaza rockets hit southern Israel". Haaretz. Retrieved April 15, 2015.
9. "Kassam rocket strikes Eshkol Region". The Jerusalem Post. February 26, 2009. Retrieved April 15, 2015.
10. "'Five rockets' fired into Israel". BBC News. February 28, 2009. Archived from the original on February 28, 2009. Retrieved February 28, 2009.
11. Jurjen van de Pol; Franz Wild (January 26, 2009). "Congo Warlord Pleads Not Guilty at ICC's First Trial (Update1)]". Bloomberg. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
12. Tran, Mark (January 27, 2009). "Icelandic PM becomes world's first leader to step down over banking system crisis". The Guardian. London. Retrieved April 15, 2015.
13. "Terra Mexico". www.terra.com.mx. Retrieved March 10, 2021.
14. Romero, Simon (January 31, 2009). "Synagogue in Venezuela Vandalized in Break-In". The New York Times . Retrieved April 15, 2015.
15. "Orthodox Church enthrones leader". BBC News. February 1, 2009. Retrieved July 16, 2009.
16. "First gay PM for Iceland cabinet". BBC News. February 1, 2009. Retrieved July 16, 2009.
17. "Ex-Serbian president acquitted of Kosovo war crimes". Reuters. February 26, 2009. Archived from the original on March 1, 2009. Retrieved March 11, 2009.
18. "President of Guinea-Bissau assassinated". CNN. March 2, 2009. Retrieved July 7, 2009.
19. "VIDEO: ICC issues arrest warrant for Bashir". Reuters . March 4, 2009. Retrieved March 4, 2009.
20. "Madagascar president forced out". BBC News . March 17, 2009. Archived from the original on March 19, 2009. Retrieved March 17, 2009.
21. "Albania, Croatia become NATO members". msnbc.com. April 1, 2009. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
22. "U.N. Security Council to meet on N. Korea launch". CNN. April 5, 2009. Retrieved April 5, 2009.
23. "BBC: Italian rescuers work into night". BBC News. April 7, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
24. Cody, Edward (April 21, 2009). "U.N. Launches Library Of World's Knowledge". The Washington Post . Retrieved April 21, 2009.
25. "NASA - STS-125". www.nasa.gov.
26. C. Bryson Hull and Ranga Sirilal. "Sri Lanka's long war reaches end, Tigers defeated". Archived from the original on January 15, 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2009.
27. "UN Security Council Condemns North Korea Nuclear Test (Update1)". Bloomberg. May 25, 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2009.
28. "World now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemic". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on July 1, 2009. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
29. "Police in Iran beat protesters after huge Ahmadinejad win". McClatchy. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
30. "Honduran leader forced into exile". BBC News. June 28, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
31. "OAS condemns Honduras coup, demands return of Zelaya". World Bulletin. Reuters. Archived from the original on July 2, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
32. "Girl survives Yemen plane crash". BBC News. July 1, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2009.
33. Helgason, Gudjon; Meera Selva (July 16, 2009). "Iceland's parliament votes to join EU". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on July 28, 2009.
34. "Indonesia Bombings Signal Militants' Resilience". The New York Times. July 17, 2009. Retrieved June 22, 2020.
35. Abegunrin, Olayiwola (2014). Africa in the New World Order: Peace and Security Challenges in the Twenty-First Century. Lexington. p. 83. ISBN   978-0739193525.
36. "Evo inicia la implementación de la autonomía indígena con fiesta". La Razón. August 3, 2009. Archived from the original on September 6, 2009. Retrieved September 1, 2009.(in Spanish)
37. Foster, Peter (August 16, 2009). "Taiwan president under fire for go it alone handling of typhoon accepts US aid" . The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved August 16, 2009.
38. "UK imposes Turks and Caicos rule". BBC News. August 14, 2009. Retrieved August 14, 2009.
39. "Miklar hreyfingar rétt fyrir hrun | Ríkisútvarpið vefur". August 9, 2011. Archived from the original on August 9, 2011. Retrieved March 11, 2021.
40. Kaiser, Ejaz (January 11, 2010). "Balco chimney mishap: Three Chinese officials arrested in Korba". Hindustan Times . Archived from the original on January 15, 2010. Retrieved July 25, 2021.
41. Nossiter, Adam (September 29, 2009). "Guinea's Capital Fades Into a Ghost Town After Soldiers' Rampage". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved January 14, 2017.
42. "Samoa quake 'triggered tsunami'". BBC News. Retrieved September 28, 2006.
43. "Indonesia quake deaths pass 1,000". BBC News. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
44. Hanson, Brooks (October 2, 2009). "Light on the Origin of Man". Science . 326 (5949): 60–61. doi: 10.1126/science.326.5949.60-a .
45. "67% vote Yes to Lisbon Treaty". RTÉ News . October 3, 2009. Archived from the original on October 5, 2009. Retrieved October 3, 2009.
46. "Results received at the Central Count Centre for the Referendum on Treaty of Lisbon 2009". Archived from the original on October 4, 2009. Retrieved October 3, 2009.
47. "Irish Ayes on Lisbon Treaty Have Europe Smiling". Time. October 4, 2009. Archived from the original on October 5, 2009. Retrieved October 4, 2009.
48. "Lisbon II referendum set for 2 October". RTÉ News . July 8, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
49. "Irish treaty vote set for October". BBC News . July 8, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2009.
50. "Rio to stage 2016 Olympic Games". BBC News. October 2, 2009. Retrieved September 17, 2017.
51. Censorship, Index on (October 14, 2009). "A gag too far". Index on Censorship. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
52. "BNP membership list appears on Wikileaks". the Guardian. October 20, 2009. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
53. "BBC NEWS | Middle East | Baghdad bomb fatalities pass 150". news.bbc.co.uk. October 26, 2009. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
54. "CCN.com". CNN. November 3, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
55. "Tony Blair Has Dropped Out Of The Race To Be EU President As Herman Van Rompuy Gets The Nod - World News". Archived from the original on November 22, 2009. Retrieved November 20, 2009.
56. "Europa.eu". Consilium.europa.eu. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
57. "Webcast: One week to go until crucial summit – Swedish Presidency of the European Union". Archived from the original on November 15, 2009. Retrieved November 20, 2009.
58. The Treaty of Lisbon entered into force on December 1, 2009, the six-month rotating presidency of the European Council ceased to exist (as the provision for its existence has been erased from the Treaties in force), and the new office of President of the European Council came into being. The appointment of Herman van Rompuy as President of the European Council became effective on the date of the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon. Also, article 6 of the Protocol on transitional provisions annexed to the Treaty of Lisbon provided that on the date of the entry into force of the Treaty, the terms of office of the High Representative for the common foreign and security policy and of the Deputy Secretary General of the Council ceased, with the Council electing a Secretary General. register.consilium.europa.eu
59. "Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2". en.m.wikipedia.org. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
60. "NASA's LCROSS Impacts Confirm Water in Lunar Crater" (Press release). NASA. November 13, 2009. Archived from the original on November 15, 2009. Retrieved November 21, 2009. Preliminary data from NASA's Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite, or LCROSS, indicates the mission successfully uncovered water in a permanently shadowed lunar crater.
61. "NASA finds 'significant' water on moon". CNN. November 13, 2009. Archived from the original on November 16, 2009. Retrieved November 13, 2016.
62. Papa, Alcuin. "Maguindanao massacre worst-ever for journalists". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Archived from the original on December 2, 2009. Retrieved November 26, 2009.
63. "EU reform treaty passes last test". BBC News. November 3, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
64. "COP15, United Nations Climate Change Conference, Copenhagen 2009. Dates put back 1 week due to previous clash with Muslim period of Ramadan". Cop15.dk. Archived from the original on January 19, 2009. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
65. Spencer, Richard. "More than 120 killed in Baghdad bombings" . Telegraph.co.uk. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved January 14, 2017.
66. "Waterworld planet six times the size of Earth discovered". The Telegraph. London. December 17, 2009. Archived from the original on August 4, 2010. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
67. O’Connor, Anahad; Schmitt, Eric (December 25, 2009). "Terror Attempt Seen as Man Tries to Ignite Device on Jet". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved December 25, 2019.
68. Raiford, Tiffany (February 16, 2020). "10 Things You Didn't Know about YaYa Gosselin". TVOvermind. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
69. @yayagosselin (January 26, 2020). "Thank you so much to all of our friends for coming to celebrate YaYa's 11th Birthday! We had so much fun with you all :) Wishing a very happy birthday to our girl who we love so much. You are all good things YaYa. Love, Mama 🖤 #grateful #thankyouforcoming #happybirthdayyaya Missing: @carson_minniear and @liliana___torres 😘" . Retrieved January 17, 2021– via Instagram.
70. Mansfield, Shaylee [@shayleemansfield] (April 6, 2021). "Happy 12th birthday to me! I'm lucky to be here today, to be me, and to wish for many more birthdays to come. And happiest birthday to all of my Aries. #birthdayvibes #tweengirls #signlanguage #aries♈ #atlantastreetart" . Retrieved November 22, 2021– via Instagram.
71. "Hala Finley - Man With A Plan Cast Member". CBS. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
72. "Hala Finley". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
73. "Mohit Sharma, SM". Archived from the original on March 22, 2018. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
74. "Obituary: Bea Arthur". the Guardian. April 26, 2009. Retrieved April 8, 2021.
75. "E' morta la poetessa Alda Merini cantò il dolore degli esclusi" [The poet Alda Merini who sang the pain of the excluded has died]. la Repubblica (in Italian). November 1, 2009. Retrieved January 12, 2018.
76. "John Allen Muhammad". Biography.
77. "Obituary: Bessie Griffin", The Star-Ledger , January 8, 2010. Accessed November 24, 2021. "Bessie Griffin, better known as Bessie Blount, died at her Newfield, N.J., home, died on Dec. 30, 2009, at 95 years old."
78. "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on October 10, 2009. Retrieved October 7, 2009.
79. "All Laureates in Economic Sciences". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on August 31, 2010. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
80. "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on October 8, 2009. Retrieved October 6, 2009.
81. Ritter, Malcolm (October 5, 2009). "3 Americans share Nobel medicine prize". Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 11, 2009. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
82. "Time Traveler by Merriam-Webster: Words from 2009". merriam-webster.com. Retrieved May 5, 2018.