This article needs additional citations for verification .(October 2021) |
| |||||||||||||
Turnout | 85.41% | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
The 2021 Ecology primary took place on 19 and 28 September 2021 to nominate the candidate of the Ecologist Pole electoral coalition for the 2022 French presidential election. The primary was open to any French citizen over the age of 16, who paid a small fee and agreed to the coalitoin's charter. 122,670 voters were registered, which was 7 times more than in the 2016 primary, with over 85% taking part in the two rounds of voting.
There were five candidates in the running:
The first round was close, with 4 of the 5 candidates receiving over 20% of the vote. Jadot, the frontrunner, and Rousseau progressed to the second round, while the others were eliminated. On 28 September, Jadot narrowly won the second round, with 51.03% of the voteand became the nominee. [1]
Applications of candidates and their sponsorships were submitted in July 2021.
Any citizen over 16 could register to vote in the primary before September 12 through paying €2 and the signing of a "charter of ecological values".
The primary took place in two rounds, with the first round taking place from 16 to 19 September, and then the second round from 25 to 28 September. 122,670 voters were registered, a number well above the 17,000 registered for the 2016 primary. Voting for each round took place on an online secure platform.
Several far-right figures, in particular Damien Rieu and Sébastien Chenu of the National Rally, announced that they wanted to disrupt the primary by encouraging people to vote for Rousseau, in order to stop Jadot winning the nomination.
To stop any interference, registration was done online on a dedicated platform, and required providing an email and phone number that could not be reused. Similarly, people who used the same bank card more than three times in a row to pay their participation were suspended, which led to the exclusion of 1,464 people, 1.18% of people registered.
The organisers of the primary believed that the election was not disrupted or hacked, but, nevertheless, "nobody is able to know if there was a real impact of the voters of the extreme right on this primary" according to a researcher interviewed by Liberation. The election provider said after the first round that “the electronic voting system [...] offered an excellent level of security”.
Candidate | Party | Political office at the time of the campaign | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Delphine Batho | GÉ | Member of Parliament for Deux-Sèvres (since 2013) | Minister of Ecology from 2012 to 2013, president of Génération écologie since 2018, she is on the Ecology Emergency list in the 2019 European elections. She presented themselves as neither left nor right, framing her campaign around "degrowth". |
Jean-Marc Governatori | CÉ | Councilor of Nice (since 2020) | Co-president of Cap Écologie with Corinne Lepage, he announced his candidacy on 3 July 2021, presenting himself as a candidate for “ecology at the center”. |
Yannick Jadot | EELV | MEP (since 2009) | After winning the 2016 environmentalist primary and participating in the 2017 presidential election, he stepped down to support Benoît Hamon. He announced his candidacy on 30 June 2021. |
Éric Piolle | EELV | Mayor of Grenoble (since 2014) | In 2014, he was elected mayor of Grenoble, becoming the only environmentalist at the head of a French city of more than 100,000 inhabitants. Reelected in 2020 in the context of a “green wave”, he is a symbol of EELV municipalities. He announced his candidacy on 29 June 2021. |
Sandrine Rousseau | EELV | None | National spokesperson for EÉLV, she withdraws from political life following the Denis Baupin affair, in which she is one of the complainants, then founded the association En Parler. After re-enrolling in EÉLV in September 2020, she announced her candidacy for primary in November 2020. She claims to be an ecofeminist. |
Corinne Lepage announced on 8 July the exclusion of Cap21 (not registered in the statutes of the primary as Cap ecology following its merger with the AEI) from the process of organizing the primary, due to differences on the commitments linked to the ballot as well as to questions of “secularism and the Republic”. Jean-Marc Governatori, who chairs Cap ecology with her, announced his candidacy on 3 July 2021, presenting himself as a candidate for “ecology at the center”. Deprived of sponsorships from Cap21, he did not receive the 28 supporting votes necessary for the validation of his application by the deadline of 12 July. Deeming himself wronged, Governatori sued the Union for Ecology in 2022, the association which organized the primary: on 29 July the Bobigny court ordered it to pay €2,000 in compensation to Cap21 as well as 'to the AEI; the court also orders the suspension of the exclusion of Cap21, and consequently the validation of the candidacy of Governatori for the primary. Although the reinstatement of her party allowed Jean-Marc Governatori to obtain sponsorships, Lepage said that she did not support any candidate in the first round.
The first debate was organised on France Inter on 5 September, in partnership with France Info and Le Monde .
Two other debates were broadcast by the LCI channel, in collaboration with the daily Le Figaro and the online media Loopsider. The former was done before the first round on 8 September, and the latter was on 22 September for the second round.
Mediapart organised a debate between the five candidates in its program broadcast online À l'air libre.
Voters were asked who they thought the best candidate would be. The percentages in bold indicate the top two candidates who would go to a second round, if needed.
Polling Firm | Fieldwork Date | Sample | Rousseau | Piolle | Jadot | Batho | Governatori | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Odoxa | 15–16 Sept | 1,005 | All French voters | 22% | 9% | 37% | 19% | 7% |
241 | Left-wing voters | 22% | 12% | 40% | 19% | 3% | ||
67 | EELV voters | 25% | 11% | 42% | 17% | 1% | ||
Ipsos-Sopra Steria | 2–3 Sept | 925 | All French voters | 18% | 11% | 47% | 16% | 8% |
? | EELV voters | 11% | 7% | 69% | 8% | 4% |
Candidates | Party | First round | Second round | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Voice | % | Voice | % | ||
Yannick Jadot | EELV | 29,534 | 27.70 | 52,210 | 51.03 |
Sandrine Rousseau | EELV | 26,801 | 25.14 | 50,098 | 48.97 |
Delphine Batho | GÉ | 23,801 | 22.32 | ||
Eric Piolle | EELV | 23,767 | 22.29 | ||
Jean-Marc Governatori | CÉ | 2,501 | 2.35 | ||
Registered | 122,675 | 100.00 | 122,675 | 100.00 | |
Turnout | 106,622 | 86.91 | 104,772 | 85.41 | |
Filled Ballots | 106,404 | 99.80 | 102,308 | 97.65 | |
Blank Ballots | 218 | 0.20 | 2,464 | 2.35 |
Batho and Piolle did not endorse either candidate in the second round. Governatori endorsed Jadot.
The Citizenship, Action, Participation for the 21st Century was a minor green liberal political party in France, founded by Corinne Lepage in 1996 as a political reflection club.
Eva Joly is a Norwegian-born French juge d'instruction (magistrate) and politician for Europe Écologie–The Greens. She represented that party as a candidate for the presidency of France in the 2012 elections. She also served as a Member of the European Parliament from 2009 until 2019.
Corinne Dominique Marguerite Lepage is a French politician. She served as French Minister of the Environment in the Alain Juppé cabinets 1 and II 1995–1997 and as Member of the European Parliament (MEP) 2009–2014 for the North-West constituency.
Delphine Batho is a French politician of Ecology Generation who has been serving as member of the National Assembly. She is a former Minister of Ecology, Sustainable Development and Energy. As a candidate in the 2021 ecologist primary, she came in third place with 22.32% of the vote, advocating degrowth. She was re-elected as a member of parliament in the 2022 legislative elections.
Europe Ecology was a green electoral coalition of political parties in France created for the 2009 European elections composed of The Greens and other ecologists and regionalists. For the European Parliament election in 2014, this electoral alliance was renewed.
Yannick Jadot is a French environmental activist and politician who ran for President of France in 2022, placing sixth with 4.6% of the vote. A member of The Ecologists (LÉ), he was elected to represent Paris in the Senate in 2023.
Presidential elections were held in France on 23 April and 7 May 2017. As no candidate won a majority in the first round, a runoff was held between the top two candidates, Emmanuel Macron of En Marche! (EM) and Marine Le Pen of the National Front (FN), which Macron won with a difference of more than 30% of the vote. The presidential election was followed by a legislative election to elect members of the National Assembly on 11 and 18 June. Incumbent president François Hollande of the Socialist Party (PS) was eligible to run for a second term, but declared on 1 December 2016 that he would not seek reelection in light of low approval ratings, making him the first incumbent head of state of the Fifth Republic not to seek reelection.
Regional elections were held in France on 14 and 21 March 2010. At stake were the presidencies of each of France's 26 régions, which, though they do not have legislative autonomy, manage sizable budgets.
The third constituency for French residents overseas is one of eleven constituencies representing French citizens living abroad. It was created by the 2010 redistricting of French legislative constituencies and elects, since 2012, one representative to the National Assembly.
The Ecologists, formerly known as Europe Ecology – The Greens is a centre-left to left-wing green political party in France. The party is a member of the European Green Party. The party was formed on 13 November 2010 from the merger of The Greens and Europe Ecology.
This page lists public opinion polls conducted for the 2017 French presidential election, which was held on 23 April 2017 with a run-off on 7 May 2017.
This page lists public opinion polls conducted for the 2022 French presidential election the first round of which was held on 10 April 2022. Since no candidate won a majority of the vote in the first round, the second round election was held between the top two candidates on 24 April 2022.
Éric Piolle is a French politician of Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV) who has been serving as mayor of Grenoble since 2014. . He was Regional Councillor of Rhône-Alpes from March 2010 to April 2014.
Presidential elections were held in France on 10 and 24 April 2022. As no candidate won a majority in the first round, a runoff was held, in which Emmanuel Macron defeated Marine Le Pen and was re-elected as President of France. Macron, from La République En Marche! (LREM), had defeated Le Pen, leader of the National Rally, once already in the 2017 French presidential election, for the term which expired on 13 May 2022. Macron became the first president of France to win a re-election bid since Jacques Chirac won in 2002.
European Parliament elections were held in France on 26 May 2019, electing members of the 9th French delegation to the European Parliament as part of the elections held across the European Union. The election featured two major changes since the 2014 election: the return to a single national constituency and the increase in the number of French seats from 74 to 79 upon the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. Officially, 79 MEPs were considered to have been elected, including five "virtual" MEPs who did not take their seats until the UK formally left the EU. The election featured 34 separate electoral lists, a record number at the national level.
Cap Ecology is a French political party created on 27 February 2021, resulting from the merger of Cap21 and the Independent Ecological Alliance (AEI).
Sandrine Rousseau is a French economist and politician who has represented the 9th constituency of Paris in the National Assembly since 2022. A member of Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV), she has been widely seen as a figurehead of France's MeToo movement against sexual violence; she describes herself as an ecofeminist.
The People's Primary is a nomination vote launched by independent activists to nominate a common left-wing candidate for the 2022 French presidential election. The process involved two steps. Firstly, an online sponsorship of potential participants was started in July 2021 and completed in October 2021. After this, a vote among seven candidates took place from 27 to 30 January 2022, three of whom declined to participate in the primary. The primary was conducted according to a majority judgment voting system, in which all voters rate all candidates, with the candidate with the highest median rating winning.
The Ecologists is a French green political coalition launched in August 2020. This alliance follows the 2020 municipal elections, in which several large cities were won by lists led by green candidates.
Heiura-Les Verts is a green political party in French Polynesia. Established in 1997, the party is led by Jacky Bryant. It is unrepresented in the Assembly of French Polynesia.