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24 Parganas district (cabbiś pargaṇā jēlā) is a former district of the Indian state of West Bengal. The district was split into two districts — North 24 Parganas district and South 24 Parganas district, with effect from 1 March 1980. [1]
The name is derived from the number of parganas or divisions contained in the Zamindari of Calcutta which was ceded to the East India Company by Mir Jafar in 1757. [2]
Not much is known about the districts history before the fifteenth century. References to this portion of the Gangetic delta in the Puranas, Mahabharata and Raghuvamsa show that it lay between the kingdom of the Suhmas and the Vangas. [2]
On 20 December 1757, the then new Nawab of Bengal, Mir Zafar assigned the East India Company zamindari rights over the Zamindari of Calcutta. In 1759, Robert Clive received as a jagir the Zamindari of Calcutta as a result of services rendered in quelling rebellion of the Nawab's eldest son, Shah Alam. In 1765, another grant which received the Nawab's approval gave unconditional proprietary rights of the 24 Parganas for 10 years following which it the proprietary rights would go to the East India Company. [2]
The original 24 parganas were: [3] : 20
After that, the district's boundaries shifted over time as lands were transferred into the district. Some were transferred from Bardwan in 1816, but later transferred to Hugli in 1862. Some were transferred from Nadia and Jessore in 1834, forming the Barasat division, while the original 24 parganas became known as the Alipur division. Between 1861 and 1863, several more changes took place: all the lands west of the Hugli river were taken out of the district, but the district's northern border was expanded and it was also expanded on the east to include the Sundarbans. [3] : 21–2
By 1875, the name "24 Parganas" was no longer literally true. The British author W.W. Hunter listed 61 parganas in the district at that point, compiled from multiple sources: [3] : 241
Hunter also listed 4 others - Guntalkati, Ramchandrapur, Salimabad, and Sayyidpur - which he had been told existed, but which he could not find in any sources. [3] : 241
Gaibandha is a district in Northern Bangladesh. It is a part of the Rangpur Division. Gaibandha subdivision was established in 1875. Gaibandha was previously known as Bhabanigonj. The name was changed from Bhabanigonj to Gaibandha in 1875. Gaibandha was established as a district on 15 February 1984. Gaibandha is the administrative headquarters and largest urban centre of this district.
The Satkhira District is a district in southwestern Bangladesh and is part of Khulna Division. It lies along the border with West Bengal, India. It is on the bank of the Arpangachhia River. The largest city and headquarter of this district is Satkhira.
North 24 Parganas (abv. 24 PGS (N)) or sometimes North Twenty Four Parganas is a district in southern West Bengal, of eastern India. North 24 Parganas extends in the tropical zone from latitude 22° 11′ 6″ north to 23° 15′ 2″ north and from longitude 88º20' east to 89º5' east. Barasat is the district headquarters of North 24 Parganas. North 24 Parganas is West Bengal's most populous district and also (since 2014) the most populated district in the whole of India. It is the tenth-largest district in the State by area.
South 24 Parganas (Pron: pɔrɡɔnɔs; abbr. 24 PGS (S)), or sometimes South Twenty Four Parganas and Dakshin 24 Parganas, is a district in the Indian state of West Bengal, headquartered in Alipore. It is the largest district of West Bengal by area and second largest by population. It is the sixth most populous district in India (out of 640). On one side of the district there is the urban fringe of Kolkata, and on the other the remote riverine villages in the Sundarbans.
The Geography of West Bengal, a state in eastern India, is primarily defined by plains and plateaus, with the high peaks of the Himalayas in the north and the Bay of Bengal to the south.
Birati is a locality in North Dumdum of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA).
Dhanyakuria is a census town in the Basirhat II CD block in the Basirhat subdivision in the North 24 Parganas district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Balagarh is a Community Development Block, located in Jirat, West Bengal, India, that forms an administrative division in Chinsurah Subdivision of Hooghly in the Indian state of West Bengal
Hasnabad is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Basirhat subdivision of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Canning is a town of the South 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is situated on the western banks of the Matla River. It is the headquarters of the Canning subdivision.
Idilpur Union is a union parishad of Gosairhat Upazila under Shariatpur District in the Dhaka Division, southern-central Bangladesh beside the Jayanti River. In the past Idilpur or Idalpur or Edilpur pargana was the largest zamindari of Faridpur District and before that it was one of the 5 important parganas of Bakarganj during the British Raj.
Backergunge, Backergunje, Bakarganj, or Bakerganj was a former district of British India. It was the southernmost district of the Dacca Division. The district was located in the swampy lowlands of the vast delta of the Ganges and the Brahmaputra rivers.
Hariabhanga River (also spelt Haribhanga) is a tidal estuarine river in and around the Sundarbans in North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal, bordering on Satkhira District of Bangladesh.
Hingalganj is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Basirhat subdivision of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Haroa is a community development block that forms an administrative division in Basirhat subdivision of North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Berachampa Deulia, or commonly known as Berachampa, is a census town in the Deganga CD block in the Barasat Sadar subdivision in the Deganga CD block of the North 24 Parganas district in the Indian state of West Bengal. The ancient archaeological site of Chandraketugarh, circa 300 BC, is located near Berachampa. Deulia and Deganga are located nearby. Berachampa is the business center of the area and the most important junction between Barasat and Basirhat. The area is administered by Berachampa Gram Panchayat no. II. The wider Berachampa circle consists of two gram panchayats namely Berachampa Gram Panchayat No. I and Berachampa Gram Panchayat No. II.
Sealdah railway division is one of the four railway divisions under the Eastern Railway zone of the Indian Railways. Its headquarters is located in Kaiser Street in Kolkata, West Bengal near the Sealdah railway station. Geographically the division covers the railway tracks and services in the areas between the Hooghly river on the west, Bangladesh on the north and east and the Sundarbans in the south.
Malancha is a village in the Minakhan CD block in the Basirhat subdivision of the North 24 Parganas district in the state of West Bengal, India.
The Sundarbans settlements refer to the areas of the Sundarbans that were cleared of forests for human habitation in the present North 24 Paganas and the South 24 Parganas districts in the Indian state of West Bengal.