There have been several studies concerning women in Ethiopia. Historically,elite women in Ethiopia have been visible as administrators and warriors. This never translated into any benefit to improve the rights of women,but it had meant that women could inherit and own property and act as advisors on important communal matters. As late as the first part of the 20th century,Queen Menen,consort of Emperor Iyasu IV,had a decisive role in running the Ethiopian Empire. Workit and Mestayit regents to their minor sons have been held responsible for their provinces. They owed their rights to landed property because of a special type of land tenure that expected tenants to serve as militia to overlords,irrespective of gender. In 1896,Empress Tayetu Betul,wife of Emperor Menelik II,actively advised the government and participated in defending the country from Italian invasion. Prominent and other landowning women fought against the second invasion in 1935–41. With the assistance of European advisors,women in the ensuing period were kept out of the army and politics,even as advisors. Instead,they were restricted to family and household work of raising children and cooking. With a steady increase in female representation in education,they have started to undertake nursing,teaching,and other similarly supportive roles. Over the 2018–2019 period,their gradual participation in state politics has been increasing at a steady pace.
The Ministry of Defense is a cabinet-level office in charge of defense-related matters of Ethiopia. It oversees the Ethiopian National Defense Force and Ethiopian Defense Industry. The current minister is Abraham Belay.
The Cabinet of Sudan usually refers to the chief executive body of the Republic of the Sudan. The Cabinet was dissolved following the 11 April 2019 Sudanese coup d'état. Chapter 5 of the August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration defines the procedures which led to the nomination of Abdalla Hamdok as Prime Minister,and up to 20 Ministers in the Cabinet,during late August 2019,for the 39-month democratic transition. The Sudanese Women's Union protested against this. Under Article 19 of the Draft Constitutional Declaration,the ministers of the Transitional Cabinet are ineligible to run in the election scheduled to follow the transition period.
Sahle-Work Zewde is an Ethiopian politician and diplomat who is the president of Ethiopia since 2018,being the first woman to hold the office. She was elected as president unanimously by members of the Federal Parliamentary Assembly on 25 October 2018.
Amina Jane Mohammed is a British Nigerian diplomat and politician who is serving as the fifth Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations. Previously,she was Nigerian Minister of Environment from 2015 to 2016 and was a player in the Post-2015 Development Agenda process. She is also Chair of United Nations Sustainable Development Group.
The Council of Ministers is the cabinet of the Government of Ethiopia. Under the Constitution of Ethiopia,the Council of Ministers is the country's executive body.
Meaza Ashenafi is an Ethiopian lawyer. In November 2018,she was appointed by the Federal Parliamentary Assembly as President of the Federal Supreme Court of Ethiopia until her resignation on 17 January 2023.
Abiy Ahmed Ali is an Ethiopian politician serving as the third Prime Minister of Ethiopia since 2018,and as a leader of the Prosperity Party since 2019. He was awarded the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize "for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation,and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea". Abiy served as the third chairman of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) that governed Ethiopia for 28 years and the first person of Oromo descent to hold that position. Abiy is a member of the Ethiopian parliament,and was a member of the Oromo Democratic Party (ODP),one of the then four coalition parties of the EPRDF,until its rule ceased in 2019 and he formed his own party,the Prosperity Party.
The Chief of General Staff is the professional head of the Ethiopian National Defense Force. The chief is responsible for the administration and the operational control of the Ethiopian military. The current Chief of General Staff is Field marshal general Birhanu Jula who was appointed by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed on 4 November 2020 succeeding General Adem Mohammed.
Billene Seyoum Woldeyes is an Ethiopian politician,poet,author and feminist who is serving as the Foreign Press Secretary for the Office of Prime Minister of Ethiopia since 5 November 2018. Billene speaks as the prime minister's foreign spokesperson in English.
Mmamoloko Tryphosa Kubayi is a South African politician who is the Minister of Human Settlements and a Member of the National Assembly for the African National Congress (ANC). She is also the current head of the African National Congress's economic transformation subcommittee in the national executive committee (NEC). She was the Minister of Energy in 2017,the Minister of Communications from 2017 to 2018,the Minister of Science and Technology from 2018 to 2019,and the Minister of Tourism from 2019 to 2021.
Kenea Yadeta is an Ethiopian politician and former minister of the Ministry of Defense.
The Council of Ministers of Abiy Ahmed is the cabinet of the government of Ethiopia during the premiership of Abiy Ahmed since early 2018.
Fetlework Gebregziabher,is an Ethiopian politician from the Tigray Region and senior member of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). Fetlework was the Ethiopian Minister of Trade and Industry from October 2018 to January 2020.
Filsan Abdullahi Ahmed,also called Filsan Abdi,is an Ethiopian activist and politician from the Somali Region. She is a founder of the Nabad project,a satellite television station for promoting communication and peace in Somali Region and between the Somali and Oromo communities.
Demitu Hambisa Bonsa, in Amharic:ደሚቱሃምቢሳ is an Ethiopian politician,who has held several ministerial posts under Prime Ministers Hailemariam Desalegn and Abiy Ahmed,including the Minister for Gender,Minister for Cabinet Affairs and Minister for Science and Research.
Abiy Ahmed's tenure as prime minister of Ethiopia began on 2 April 2018 with his swearing-in at the Ethiopian parliament,succeeding Hailemariam Desalegn. Abiy is the first person of Oromo descent to hold the office,and became chair of the ruling Prosperity Party after the dissolution of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) in November 2019.
The 1995 Ethiopian Federal Constitution formalizes an ethnic federalism law aimed at undermining long-standing ethnic imperial rule,reducing ethnic tensions,promoting regional autonomy,and upholding unqualified rights to self-determination and secession in a state with more than 80 different ethnic groups. But the constitution is divisive,both among Ethiopian nationalists who believe it undermines centralized authority and fuels interethnic conflict,and among ethnic federalists who fear that the development of its vague components could lead to authoritarian centralization or even the maintenance of minority ethnic hegemony. Parliamentary elections since 1995 have taken place every five years since enactment. All but one of these have resulted in government by members of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) political coalition,under three prime ministers. The EPRDF was under the effective control of the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF),which represents a small ethnic minority. In 2019 the EPRDF,under Abiy,was dissolved and he inaugurated the pan-ethnic Prosperity Party which won the 2021 Ethiopian Election,returning him as prime minister. But both political entities were different kinds of responses to the ongoing tension between constitutional ethnic federalism and the Ethiopian state's authority. Over the same period,and all administrations,a range of major conflicts with ethnic roots have occurred or continued,and the press and availability of information have been controlled. There has also been dramatic economic growth and liberalization,which has itself been attributed to,and used to justify,authoritarian state policy.
Nassise Chali is an Ethiopian politician,diplomat and lecturer who is currently serving as the Minister of Tourism since 6 October 2021. She was Ambassador of Ethiopia to Canada from 2018.
