Al-Yunini

Last updated

Quṭb al-Dīn Abu ʾl-Fatḥ Mūsā ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Yūnīnī (1242–1326) was a Syrian historian and religious scholar of the Ḥanbalī school of jurisprudence. He wrote the Dhayl Mirʾāt al-zamān, a continuation of the Mirʾāt al-zamān of Sibṭ ibn al-Jawzī.

Contents

Life

Mūsā was born on 7 August 1242 in Damascus. [1] His family claimed descent from Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq and originally came from the village of Yūnīn, hence his nisba al-Yūnīnī. His father was Muḥammad Taqī al-Dīn Abū ʿAbd Allāh and his mother Zayn al-ʿArab bint Naṣr Allāh. His early studies took place in Baalbek and Damascus. In 1260, his father died and elder brother ʿAlī sent him to Egypt to continue his education. In 1275, he performed the Ḥajj to Mecca. He visited Egypt in 1276–1277. [2]

In 1281, al-Yūnīnī and a fellow scholar enlisted in the war against the Mongol invasion of Syria. [2] His friend died in the battle of Homs. [3] Passing through Tripoli in March 1289, al-Yūnīnī witnessed the siege and fall of the city. [3] Later that year, he visited Egypt a final time. [2] In his trips to Egypt he learned ḥadīth and acquired the ijāza (teaching licence) from prominent Shāfiʿī and Mālikī scholars, including al-Dimyāṭī and ʿIzz al-Dīn al-Sulamī. [2] [4]

In 1302, his elder brother was assassinated in his own library and al-Yūnīnī succeeded him as the shaykh of the Ḥanbalīs of Baalbek. He continued the family tradition of great respect towards the Ṣūfīs. He rarely left Baalbek in his later years. [2] He died there on 13 September 1326. [5] He was not famous in his own lifetime, but he is mentioned in several biographical dictionaries. [2] The most important of these is that of al-Dhahabī, who studied ḥadīth under him in Damascus and Baalbek. [6]

Al-Yūnīnī had a son, Muḥammad, who also became a Ḥanbalī ḥadīth scholar, but not as prominent as his ancestors. [7] He had a daughter who married a much older man, Aybak al-Iskandarī al-Ṣāliḥī, who was prominent in the Mamluks administration and died in 1276. [2]

Works

Al-Yūnīnī admired the Mirʾāt al-zamān of Sibṭ ibn al-Jawzī and created an abridgement in four volumes entitled Mukhtaṣar. Around 1281, he began work on a continuation designed to carry the history of Sibṭ ibn al-Jawzī from 1256 down to 1311. This became the Dhayl Mirʾāt al-zamān. [2] It is an original and independent source for the history of Syria during this period, when the area was ruled by Ayyubids, Crusaders and Mamluks. [8] Al-Yūnīnī relied heavily on his own testimony and also on official documents to which he had access because of his good relationship with the Mamluk rulers. Earlier historians he cites include Ibn Khallikān, Abū Shāma, Ibn Ḥammawayh, al-Juwaynī, Ibn Shaddād, Ibn ʿAbd al-Ẓāhir, Ibn Wāṣil, Ibn al-Mustawfī, Ibn al-Najjār and Ibn al-ʿAdīm. [2]

The Dhayl survives in 23 known manuscripts but in two different redactions, a long version and a short. [2] [9] There is no single modern edition of the Dhayl. The years 1256–1288 are covered in four volumes edited by Fritz Krenkow and Muḥammad Munīr al-Shādhilī and published as Dhail Mir'ātu'z-zamān at Hyderabad in 1954, 1955, 1960 and 1961. The years 1288–1291 are covered in Antranig Melkonian's unpublished doctoral thesis, Die Jahre 1287–1291 in der Chronik al-Yūnīnīs, completed in 1975 at the University of Freiburg. Li Guo's edition in two volumes covers 1297–1301. [2] [10]

Al-Yūnīnī is the claimed author of a history of Baghdad, Taʾrīkh Baghdād, but this text is lost. He may also have contributed to a pair of "apologetic biographies" of his father's father-in-law, ʿAbd Allāh al-Yūnīnī, and a more distant relative, ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī. Entitled Manāqib ʿAbd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī wa-ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿUthmān al-Yūnīnī, this work is also attributed to al-Yūnīnī's brother. Both may have had a hand in composing it in response to Sibṭ ibn al-Jawzī's meagre notice on al-Jīlānī. [2]

Notes

  1. ↑ Guo 1998, vol. 1, p. 7.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Sublet 2002.
  3. 1 2 Guo 1998, vol. 1, p. 12.
  4. ↑ Mahomedy 2016, p. 15.
  5. ↑ Guo 1998, vol. 1, p. 15.
  6. ↑ Guo 1998, vol. 1, p. 6.
  7. ↑ Guo 1998, vol. 1, pp. 15–16.
  8. ↑ Guo 1998, vol. 1, p. 1.
  9. ↑ Guo 1998, vol. 1, p. 36.
  10. ↑ Guo 1998, vol. 1, p. 5 n28.

Bibliography

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ibn Taymiyya</span> Islamic scholar and jurist (1263–1328)

Ibn Taymiyya was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, traditionist, ascetic, and proto-Salafi and iconoclastic theologian. He is known for his diplomatic involvement with the Ilkhanid ruler Ghazan Khan at the Battle of Marj al-Saffar, which ended the Mongol invasions of the Levant. A legal jurist of the Hanbali school, Ibn Taymiyya's condemnation of numerous folk practices associated with saint veneration and visitation of tombs made him a contentious figure with many rulers and scholars of the time, which caused him to be imprisoned several times as a result.

Ahmad ibn Hanbal was a Sunni Muslim scholar, jurist, theologian, traditionist, ascetic and eponym of the Hanbali school of Islamic jurisprudence—one of the four major orthodox legal schools of Sunni Islam. The most highly influential and active scholar during his lifetime, Ibn Hanbal went on to become "one of the most venerated" intellectual figures in Islamic history, who has had a "profound influence affecting almost every area" of the traditionalist perspective within Sunni Islam. One of the foremost classical proponents of relying on scriptural sources as the basis for Sunni Islamic law and way of life, Ibn Hanbal compiled one of the most significant Sunni hadith collections, al-Musnad, which has continued to exercise considerable influence on the field of hadith studies up to the present time.

Shams ad-Dīn adh-Dhahabī, also known as Shams ad-Dīn Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān ibn Qāymāẓ ibn ʿAbdillāh at-Turkumānī al-Fāriqī ad-Dimashqī was an Athari theologian, Islamic historian and Hadith scholar.

Al-Nasāʾī, full name Abū ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Aḥmad ibn Shuʿayb ibn ʿAlī ibn Sinān ibn Baḥr ibn Dīnar al-Khurasānī al-Nasāʾī, was a noted collector of hadith, from the city of Nasa, and the author of "As-Sunan", one of the six canonical hadith collections recognized by Sunni Muslims. From his "As-Sunan al-Kubra " he wrote an abridged version, "Al-Mujtaba" or Sunan al-Sughra. Of the fifteen books he is known to have written, six treat the science of hadīth.

Shams al-Din Abu al-Muzaffar Yusuf ibn Kizoghlu, popularly known as Sibṭ ibn al-Jawzī was a writer, preacher and historian.

Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Thābit ibn Aḥmad ibn Māhdī al-Shāfiʿī, commonly known as al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī or "the lecturer from Baghdad", was a Sunni Muslim scholar known for being one of the foremost leading hadith scholars and historians at his time. He is widely considered an important authority in hadith, fiqh and history.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abdul Qadir Gilani</span> Muslim preacher, mystic and theologian (1078–1166)

Abdul Qadir Gilani was a Hanbali scholar, preacher, and Sufi leader who was the eponym of the Qadiriyya, one of the oldest Sufi orders.

‘Abd al-Ghanī ibn ‘Abd al-Wāḥid al-Jammā’īlī al-Maqdisi was a classical Sunni Islamic scholar and a prominent Hadith master. His full name was Abu Muhammad Abdul-Ghani ibn Abdul-Wahid bin Alī bin Surūr Ibn Rāfi' bin Hussain bin Ja'far al-Maqdisi al-Jammāʻīlī al-Hanbali. He was born in 1146 CE in the village of Jummail in Palestine. He studied with scholars in Damascus; many of whom were from his own extended family. He studied with the Imam of Tasawwuf, Shaykh Abdul Qadir al-Jilani. He was the first person to establish a school on Mount Qasioun near Damascus. He died in 1203 CE.

Ḍiyā’ al-Dīn Abu ‘Abdallah Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahid al-Sa‘di al-Hanbali was a Hanbali Islamic scholar.

Ibn Asakir was a Syrian Sunni Islamic scholar, who was one of the most prominent and renowned experts on Hadith and Islamic history in the medieval era. and a disciple of the Sufi mystic Abu al-Najib Suhrawardi. Ibn Asakir was an accomplished jurist, hadith specialist and a prolific writer. He was the pre-eminent figure of the Asakir dynasty, whose family members occupied the most prominent positions as judges and scholars of the Shafi'i school of the Sunni law in Damascus for almost two centuries.

Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥajjāj Yūsuf ibn al-Zakī ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Yūsuf ibn ʻAbd al-Malik ibn Yūsuf al-Kalbī al-Quḍā’ī al-Mizzī,, also called Al-Ḥāfiẓ Abī al-Ḥajjāj, was a Syrian muhaddith and the foremost `Ilm al-rijāl Islamic scholar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ibn al-Jawzi</span> Muslim preacher and scholar (c. 1116–1201)

Abū al-Farash ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Jawzī, often referred to as Ibn al-Jawzī for short, was a Muslim jurisconsult, preacher, orator, heresiographer, traditionist, historian, judge, hagiographer, and philologist who played an instrumental role in propagating the Hanbali school of orthodox Sunni jurisprudence in his native Baghdad during the twelfth-century. During "a life of great intellectual, religious and political activity," Ibn al-Jawzi came to be widely admired by his fellow Hanbalis for the tireless role he played in ensuring that that particular school – historically, the smallest of the four principal Sunni schools of law – enjoy the same level of "prestige" often bestowed by rulers on the Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanafi rites.

Al-Sahib Shams ad-Din Muhammad ibn Uthman ibn Abi al-Raja' al-Tanukhi, better known as Ibn al-Sal'us, was an Arab merchant and the wazir of the Mamluk sultan, al-Ashraf Khalil. Ibn al-Sal'us began his career as a merchant based in Damascus, where he was eventually employed as a deputy muhtasib. He gained a good reputation for his efforts at ensuring accountability in Damascene commerce. He was later appointed chief muhtasib in Cairo by Sultan al-Mansur Qalawun in 1290, but was soon after exiled to the Hejaz. When al-Ashraf Khalil succeeded Qalawun in November 1290, he recalled Ibn al-Sal'us to Cairo and appointed him wazir. Ibn al-Sal'us restored the political influence of the office of wazir and accompanied al-Ashraf Khalil during military expeditions against the Crusaders and the Armenians. His arrogance toward senior Mamluk emirs drew their resentment. In the months following al-Ashraf Khalil's murder, Ibn al-Sal'us was arrested and tortured to death on the orders of his rival, Emir Sanjar al-Shuja‘i.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alam al-Din al-Hanafi</span> Egyptian mathematician (1178–1251)

Alam al-Din Ibn-Abidin al-Hanafi was an Egyptian mathematician, astronomer and engineer during the Ayyubid period.

Abū Shāma Shihāb al-Dīn al-Maḳdisī was an Arab historian.

Younine, also spelled Yunin, is a municipality in the Baalbek District of the Baalbek-Hermel Governorate in northeastern Lebanon. It is located approximately 103 kilometers (64 mi) east of the national capital Beirut, and 18 kilometers (11 mi) northeast of the governorate capital of Baalbek. Its average elevation is 1,215 meters (3,986 ft) above sea level and its jurisdiction covers 7,759 hectares. It had 6,557 registered voters in 2010. Its inhabitants are Shia Muslims.

Jamal al-Din Aqqush al-Afram al-Mansuri was a high-ranking Mamluk emir and defector, who served as the Mamluk na'ib (viceroy) of Damascus and later the Ilkhanid governor of Hamadan.

The siege of Damascus of 1229 was part of an Ayyubid succession war over Damascus that broke out following the death of al-Muʿaẓẓam I in 1227. The late ruler's son, al-Nāṣir Dāʾūd, took de facto control of the city in opposition to al-Kāmil, the Ayyubid sultan in Egypt. In the ensuing war, al-Nāṣir lost Damascus but preserved his autonomy, ruling from al-Karak.

al-Dimyāṭī, ʿAbd al-Muʾmin b. K̲h̲alaf S̲h̲araf al-Dīn al-Tūnī al-Dimyāṭī al-S̲h̲āfiʿī, commonly known as Al-Dimyāṭī was regarded as the leading traditionist in Egypt in the 13th century. Young man who explored throughout the Middle East in pursuit of prophetic traditions later settled in Cairo and began teaching at the most prestigious institutions.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.