In mathematics, especially homological algebra and other applications of abelian category theory, the five lemma is an important and widely used lemma about commutative diagrams. The five lemma is not only valid for abelian categories but also works in the category of groups, for example.
Brucepattersonius is a genus of rodents within the tribe Akodontini from southeastern South America. Also known as brucies, the genus is named after Bruce Patterson, MacArthur Curator at the Department of Zoology (Mammals), at the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.
Geoffroy's cat is a small wild cat native to the southern and central regions of South America. It is about the size of a domestic cat. It is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List because it is widespread and abundant over most of its range.
The rodent subfamily Sigmodontinae includes New World rats and mice, with at least 376 species. Many authorities include the Neotominae and Tylomyinae as part of a larger definition of Sigmodontinae. When those genera are included, the species count numbers at least 508. Their distribution includes much of the New World, but the genera are predominantly South American, such as brucies. They invaded South America from Central America as part of the Great American Interchange near the end of the Miocene, about 5 million years ago. Sigmodontines proceeded to diversify explosively in the formerly isolated continent. They inhabit many of the same ecological niches that the Murinae occupy in the Old World.
Akodontini is the second most speciose rodent tribe of the subfamily Sigmodontinae. It includes at least 106 living species in 19 genera and is distributed mainly in the southern half of South America, with only two genera extending into Guyana (Podoxymys) and Venezuela (Necromys). It also includes genera previously placed in tribe Scapteromyini. The following genera are now generally recognized:
Oxymycterus is a genus of rat-like rodents commonly known as hocicudos. They are endemic to South America. As of April 2019, the genus contains the following 16 species:
Pisanosaurus is an extinct genus of early dinosauriform, likely an ornithischian or silesaurid, from the Late Triassic of Argentina. It was a small, lightly built, ground-dwelling herbivore, that could grow up to an estimated 1 m (3.3 ft) long. Only one species, the type, Pisanosaurus mertii, is known, based on a single partial skeleton discovered in the Ischigualasto Formation of the Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin in northwestern Argentina. This part of the formation has been dated to the late Carnian, approximately 229 million years ago.
The Amazonian hocicudo is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae from South America. It is found in the Amazon basin in Brazil where it lives in moist lowland forest. It is a common species with a large range and is rated by the IUCN as being of "least concern".
The Pampas cat is a small wild cat native to South America. It is listed as Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List as habitat conversion and destruction may cause the population to decline in the future.
Akodon spegazzinii, also known as Spegazzini's akodont or Spegazzini's grass mouse, is a rodent in the genus Akodon found in northwestern Argentina. It occurs in grassland and forest at 400 to 3,500 m above sea level. After the species was first named in 1897, several other names were given to various populations now included in A. spegazzinii. They are now all recognized as part of a single, widespread and variable species. Akodon spegazzinii is related to Akodon boliviensis and other members of the A. boliviensis species group. It reproduces year-round. Because it is widely distributed and common, Akodon spegazzinii is listed as "least concern" on the IUCN Red List.
The shining thicket rat is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.
The spy hocicudo is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in Paraguay.
Oxymycterus hucucha, also known as the Quechuan hocicudo, is a species of rodent in the genus Oxymycterus of family Cricetidae from South America. It is found only in a small region of the Andes in central Bolivia, where it lives in cloud forest at altitudes from 2600 to 3000 m.
The Incan hocicudo is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Bolivia and Peru.
The Paramo hocicudo is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru. The Argentine hocicudo is sometimes considered conspecific.
The Atlantic Forest hocicudo is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in southeastern Brazil, where it lives in the Atlantic Forest and associated wetlands at altitudes from sea level to 800 m (2,600 ft).
Cook's hocicudo is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found only in southern Uruguay, where it lives in wetlands, moist grasslands and scrub. The specifies is named after American zoologist Joseph "José" A. Cook.
The quaestor hocicudo is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae. It is found in southeastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina, where it lives in forest and moist and dry scrub.
Albicetus is a genus of stem-sperm whales that lived during the Miocene Epoch, around 15 million years ago, and was discovered in Santa Barbara, California in 1909. It was categorized for decades as belonging to a group of extinct walruses erroneously thought to be sperm whales. It was named Albicetus, meaning "white whale", is a reference to the leviathan in Herman Melville's classic 1851 novel Moby-Dick.
The ravine hocicudo is a rodent species from South America. It is found in Argentina.
