Aerial view from west.Grochów toll-house. Two almost identical buildings stood on what became the Artur Zawisza Sq. until World War II
Artur Zawisza Square (Polish: plac Artura Zawiszy, commonly abbreviated as "plac Zawiszy") is a public square in Warsaw's borough of Ochota. It is named after Artur Zawisza, a 19th-century Polish revolutionary who was executed on the spot by Russians in 1833.
Currently a major roundabout at the intersection of Jerusalem Avenue, Raszyńska, Grójecka and Towarowa Streets, for centuries its spot was occupied by the so-called Jerusalem Toll-house or Jerusalem Gate (Polish: Rogatki Jerozolimskie). The Jerusalem Toll-house was created in 1770, as a toll-house on the road leading from down-town Warsaw towards the jurydyka of Nowa Jerozolima ("New Jerusalem") and the Kraków Road (modern Grójecka Street). The spot was chosen for a gate in the newly erected Lubomirski's Ramparts. Between 1816 and 1818 two Classicist buildings of the toll-house were built by Jakub Kubicki. In 1823 a square was created surrounding the new toll-houses. The area, in the 19th century still far-removed from the city centre, was a spot of particularly heavy fighting during the battle of Warsaw of 1831.
When the fortifications surrounding Warsaw were dismantled, in the 1870s the area started to be built-up and settled, initially with wooden suburban houses around the square, but even before World War I the area was being encroached upon by the dense city infrastructure. In 1909 a tramway line was connected to the square.
During World War II, in 1942 the 19th century toll-houses were dismantled by the Germans, while the buildings surrounding the square were demolished in the aftermath of the Warsaw Uprising. They were not rebuilt after the war, and the square was surrounded by new office buildings and shopping malls only recently.
The Warsaw Uprising began with simultaneous coordinated attacks at 17:00 hours on August 1, 1944 (W-hour). The uprising was intended to last a few days until Soviet forces arrived; however, this never happened, and the Polish forces had to fight almost without any outside assistance. Initially the battle raged throughout most of Warsaw, but after a short time it became confined to districts in the West of the town. The key factor in the battle was the massive imbalance of weapons between the two sides. The German side was extremely well equipped whilst the Polish side had, initially, barely enough ammunition for a few days. The policy of one bullet, one German allowed the Polish fighters to sustain the uprising for many weeks at the cost of their own lives. Some areas fought for a full 63 days before an agreed capitulation took place. The losses on the Polish side amounted to 18,000 soldiers killed, 25,000 wounded and over 250,000 civilians killed; those on the German side amounted to over 17,000 soldiers killed and 9,000 wounded.
Warsaw Old Town is the oldest part of Warsaw, the capital city of Poland. It is bounded by the Wybrzeże Gdańskie, along with the bank of the Vistula river, Grodzka, Mostowa and Podwale Streets. It is one of the most prominent tourist attractions in Warsaw. The heart of the area is the Old Town Market Place, rich in restaurants, cafés and shops. Surrounding streets feature medieval architecture such as the city walls, St. John's Cathedral and the Barbican which links the Old Town with Warsaw New Town.
The Krasiński Palace, also known as the Palace of the Commonwealth, is a reconstructed Baroque palace in Warsaw, Poland, on Krasiński Square. Initially erected between 1677 and 1683 for the powerful Krasiński family, it was heavily damaged during World War II and rebuilt in the mid-20th century.
The Saxon Axis is a feature of the historical city centre of Warsaw. It is a line running from the Vistula through the Presidential Palace, the Krakowskie Przedmieście, Saxon Square, Saxon Palace, Saxon Garden, Lubomirski Palace to Plac Żelaznej Bramy.
Iron-Gate Square is a large open space in the city center of Warsaw. The square took its name from a large iron gate that once secured the western boundary of the Saxon Garden.
Mirów is one of the central neighbourhoods in the Wola district of Warsaw, the capital of Poland.
The Warsaw Barbican is a barbican in Warsaw, Poland, and one of few remaining relics of the complex network of historic fortifications that once encircled Warsaw. Located between the Old and New Towns, it is a major tourist attraction.
Plac Bankowy is one of Warsaw's principal squares. Located in the downtown district, adjacent to the Saxon Garden and Warsaw Arsenal, it is also a principal public-transport hub, with bus and streetcar stops and a Warsaw Metro station.
Three Crosses Square is an important square in the central district of Warsaw, Poland. It lies on that city's Royal Route and links Nowy Świat Street, to the north, with Ujazdów Avenue to the south.
Czyste is one of the neighborhoods of the Wola district of Warsaw, Poland. It is limited by Wolska and Towarowa streets from the north and east and by railway lines from the west and south.
Plac Zbawiciela or Saviour Square, is a circular city square and roundabout in central Warsaw, Poland.
Parade Square is a square in downtown Warsaw. Located between ulica Świętokrzyska in the north, Aleje Jerozolimskie in the south, ulica Marszałkowska in the east and the monumental Palace of Culture and Science to the west, it is one of Warsaw's central squares. It's one of the largest city squares in the world, and the second largest in the European Union, after the Alexanderplatz in Berlin, Germany.
The Ochota Massacre was a wave of German-orchestrated mass murder, looting, arson, torture and rape, which swept through the Warsaw district of Ochota from 4–25 August 1944, during the Warsaw Uprising. The principal perpetrators of these war crimes were the Nazi collaborationist S.S. Sturmbrigade R.O.N.A., the so-called "Russian National Liberation Army", commanded by Bronislav Kaminski.
A tollhouse or toll house is a building with accommodation for a toll collector, beside a tollgate on a toll road, canal, or toll bridge.
Theatre Square is a major square in the Śródmieście district of Warsaw, Poland. It spans from the Great Theatre building to the Senatorska Street.
Krasiński Square is a square in the central district of Warsaw, Poland. The square itself is adjacent to Warsaw Old Town and features buildings of great historical and national significance.
The Church of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary is a church in Grójecka Street in the Ochota district of Warsaw, the capital city of Poland.
Plac Narutowicza is a city square located in the Ochota district in Warsaw, Poland.
Kolonia Lubeckiego is a historical housing estate in the Ochota district of Warsaw, Poland, bordered by the streets Fitrowa, Krzywickiego, Wawelska, Grójecka and Plac Narutowicza. The area is characterized by houses built during the interwar period, with many trees and green spaces.
Grzybowski Square is a triangular square in the Śródmieście (downtown) district of Warsaw, Poland, between Twarda, Bagno, Grzybowska and Królewska streets.
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