Aufbau (German: [ˈaʊ̯fˌbaʊ̯] ) is a term which was used in publications from 1919 to 1947 in the German language. The term can be translated as "structure", "construction" or as "rebuilding", "reconstruction". [1] Peter Galison advocated its use as a "keyword", in the sense used by Raymond Williams in Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society . [2]
The term was hardly used before 1919, and the use declined after 1947. The first peak occurred between 1919 and 1927, and the term was used to announce the emergence of a new structure from the chaos and disorder arising from the First World War and the defeat of the German Empire. [2] The term was used to advocate a political, philosophical, and aesthetic world view. Peter Galison has described this use as a left technocratic period.
The second period is between 1934 and 1937 when the publications come from both right and left. For right, it concerned an organicist approach to developing and empowering the state. For the antifascist, the term was used for organising the opposition to destruction already wrought and that envisaged by the dictatorship. [2]
The third period is between 1945 and 1947. Here the term was used to promote liberal democracy to create a literature of cultural renovation following World War II, with a view to reintegrate Germany into the world community. [2]
Ernst Jünger was a German author, highly decorated soldier, philosopher, and entomologist who became publicly known for his World War I memoir Storm of Steel.
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Ernst Alfred Cassirer was a German philosopher. Trained within the Neo-Kantian Marburg School, he initially followed his mentor Hermann Cohen in attempting to supply an idealistic philosophy of science.
Wilhelm Dilthey was a German historian, psychologist, sociologist, and hermeneutic philosopher, who held Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's Chair in Philosophy at the University of Berlin. As a polymathic philosopher, working in a modern research university, Dilthey's research interests revolved around questions of scientific methodology, historical evidence and history's status as a science.
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Ernst Niekisch was a German writer and politician. Initially a member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and of the Alte Sozialdemokratische Partei (ASP), he later became a prominent exponent of the National revolutionary branch of the Conservative Revolution and National Bolshevism.
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