Theodor Escherich was a German-Austrian pediatrician and a professor at universities in Graz and Vienna. He discovered and described the bacterium Escherichia coli.
Arvo Henrik Ylppö was a Finnish physician and professor of pediatrics who significantly decreased Finnish infant mortality during the 20th century. He is credited as the father of Finland's public maternity and child health clinic system established in 1922, which focuses on monitoring the health and development of newborn and pre-school children and their families, providing parents with childcare guidance and supporting child-parent interaction. For forty years, Ylppö held the title of archiater (arkkiatri), the highest honorary title awarded to a physician. Internationally, he was known for his research on premature infants.
Neonatology is a subspecialty of pediatrics that consists of the medical care of newborn infants, especially the ill or premature newborn. It is a hospital-based specialty and is usually practised in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The principal patients of neonatologists are newborn infants who are ill or require special medical care due to prematurity, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital malformations, sepsis, pulmonary hypoplasia, or birth asphyxia.
Béla Schick was a Hungarian-born American pediatrician. He is the founder of the Schick test. Bela Schick was born in Balatonboglár, Hungary, and brought up in Graz, Austria, where he attended medical school. In 1902, he joined the Medicine Faculty of the University of Vienna where he remained until 1923. Studying problems of immunity, he and Clemens von Pirquet first coined the term 'allergy' as a clinical entity. His discovery of a test for susceptibility to diphtheria made him world famous. From 1923 he directed the Pediatric Department of Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City. From 1936 he was also professor at Columbia University. From 1950 to 1962 Schick headed the Pediatric Department of Beth-El Hospital, Brooklyn, NY. His later interests included the nutrition of the newborn and feeding problems in children.
Alexander von Winiwarter was an Austrian-Belgian surgeon who was a native of Vienna. He was the brother of physician Felix von Winiwarter (1852-1931).
Hermann Edler von Zeissl was a Moravia-born Austrian Jewish dermatologist who was born in the village of Vierzighuben, near Zwittau, Moravia.
Joseph von Lindwurm, was a German physician and dermatologist born in Aschaffenburg.
Adalbert Czerny was an Austrian pediatrician. He is considered one of the founders of modern pediatrics and played a pivotal role in reducing child mortality. Several children's diseases were named after him.
Franz Breit was an Austrian obstetrician.
Ernst Anton Franz Finger was an Austrian dermatologist born in Prague. He was a leading authority regarding venereal disease.
Karl Ewald Hasse was a German physician and professor of special pathology, born in Dresden. He was the son of historian Friedrich Christian August Hasse (1773–1848).
Luther Emmett Holt was an American pediatrician and author, noted for writing The Care and Feeding of Children: A Catechism for the Use of Mothers and Children's Nurses in 1894.
Rudolf von Jaksch, also Rudolf Jaksch von Wartenhorst, was an Austrian-Czech internist. He was the son of physician Anton von Jaksch (1810–1887). In 1889 he described the disease anaemia leucaemica infantum, a chronic anemic disease that affects children under three years of age, which was named "Jaksch's anemia" for him.
Arthur Hawley Parmelee was an American physician and college football coach.
Meinhard von Pfaundler ; was an Austrian pediatrician born in Innsbruck. He was the son of Leopold Pfaundler.
Heinrich Finkelstein, was a German Jewish pediatrician and a pioneer in pediatric nutrition.
Christian P. Speer is a German pediatrician and Professor of Pediatrics specialized in neonatology at the Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg. Speer is known for his scientific and educational contributions in neonatal medicine.
Roland Boyd Scott was an American researcher, pediatrician and authority on sickle cell disease. Scott authored a key paper in 1948 describing the incidence of sickle cell in infants that eventually led to the establishment of routine screening for newborns. He established the Howard University Center for Sickle Cell Disease. He was chairman of the pediatrics department at Howard University. He lobbied Congress to pass the Sickle Cell Anemia Control Act of 1971. He authored over 250 academic publications on allergy, growth and development, and sickle cell disease.
Clifford Grosselle Grulee was an American pediatrician and a founding member of the American Academy of Pediatrics.
