Austrokritosauria

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Austrokritosaurs
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous,
~85–66  Ma
Hadrosaur museum.jpg
Skeletal mount of Huallasaurus , an austrokritosaur, at the Natural Sciences Museum
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Ornithischia
Clade: Ornithopoda
Family: Hadrosauridae
Subfamily: Saurolophinae
Clade: Austrokritosauria
Alarcón-Muñoz et al., 2023
Genera

Austrokritosauria is an extinct clade of saurolophine dinosaurs known from the Late Cretaceous of South America. The clade provides evidence of a faunal exchange from North America during the Cretaceous. [1]

Contents

Description

Austrokritosaurs were medium to large herbivorous "duck-billed" (hadrosaur) ornithopod dinosaurs. They ranged in size from the smaller (possibly immature) Secernosaurus , at 4–5 metres (13–16 ft), to the larger Kelumapusaura , at around 8–9 metres (26–30 ft). [2] [3]

Biogeography

Likely dispersal route of the Austrokritosauria from North America to South America (red arrow) South American duck-bill biogeography.jpg
Likely dispersal route of the Austrokritosauria from North America to South America (red arrow)

Alarcón-Muñoz et al. (2023) suggested that austrokritosaurs shared an ancestor with the North American kritosaurins in the Santonian, about 85 million years ago, before dispersing into South America. This likely occurred via island chains and rafting. The South American hadrosauroid Gonkoken appears to have diverged from North American hadrosauroids at an even earlier time, about 91 million years ago in the Turonian. [1] The Argentinian nodosaurid Patagopelta and North American titanosaur Alamosaurus likely experienced similar dispersal events from relatives in North and South America in the late Campanian–early Maastrichtian. [4] [5]

Classification

In the 2023 description of Gonkoken, Alarcón-Muñoz et al. erected Austrokritosauria as a new clade within the Saurolophinae, as a sister taxon to the Kritosaurini. Their phylogenetic matrix was modified from a 2022 study by Rozadilla et al. naming the hadrosaurs Huallasaurus and Kelumapusaura, which Alarcón-Muñoz et al. (2023) identified as austrokritosaurs. [3] Austrokritosauria is defined as "the most inclusive clade containing Huallasaurus but not Gryposaurus". The results of their phylogenetic analyses of Saurolophinae are displayed in the cladogram below: [1]

Saurolophinae

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>Kritosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Kritosaurus is an incompletely known genus of hadrosaurid (duck-billed) dinosaur. It lived about 74.5-66 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous of North America. The name means "separated lizard", but is often mistranslated as "noble lizard" in reference to the presumed "Roman nose".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nodosauridae</span> Extinct family of dinosaurs

Nodosauridae is a family of ankylosaurian dinosaurs, from the Late Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous period in what is now North America, South America, Europe, and Asia.

<i>Secernosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Secernosaurus is a genus of herbivorous dinosaur. Secernosaurus was a hadrosaur, a "duck-billed" dinosaur which lived during the Late Cretaceous.

The Huincul Formation is a geologic formation of Late Cretaceous age of the Neuquén Basin that outcrops in the Mendoza, Río Negro and Neuquén Provinces of northern Patagonia, Argentina. It is the second formation in the Río Limay Subgroup, the oldest subgroup within the Neuquén Group. Formerly that subgroup was treated as a formation, and the Huincul Formation was known as the Huincul Member.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Saurolophinae</span> Extinct subfamily of dinosaurs

Saurolophinae is a subfamily of hadrosaurid dinosaurs. It has since the mid-20th century generally been called the Hadrosaurinae, a group of largely non-crested hadrosaurs related to the crested sub-family Lambeosaurinae. However, the name Hadrosaurinae is based on the genus Hadrosaurus which was found in more recent studies to be more primitive than either lambeosaurines or other traditional "hadrosaurines", like Edmontosaurus and Saurolophus. As a result of this, the name Hadrosaurinae was dropped or restricted to Hadrosaurus alone, and the subfamily comprising the traditional "hadrosaurines" was renamed the Saurolophinae. Recent phylogenetic work by Hai Xing indicates that Hadrosaurus is placed within the monophyletic group containing all non-lambeosaurine hadrosaurids. Under this view, the traditional Hadrosaurinae is resurrected, with the Hadrosauridae being divided into two clades: Hadrosaurinae and Lambeosaurinae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aguja Formation</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Allen Formation</span> Geological formation in Argentina

The Allen Formation is a geological formation in Argentina whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous (middle Campanian to early Maastrichtian. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation. Indeterminate chelid remains and other vertebrates have also been discovered in this formation.

Willinakaqe is a dubious genus of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaur described based on fossils from the late Cretaceous of the Río Negro Province of southern Argentina.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kritosaurini</span> Extinct clade of dinosaurs

Kritosaurini is a tribe of saurolophine hadrosaurid dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous.

<i>Bonapartesaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

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<i>Niebla antiqua</i> Extinct species of dinosaur

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Panoplosaurini</span>

Panoplosaurini is a clade of nodosaurid ankylosaurs from the Cretaceous of North America and South America. The group is defined as the largest clade containing Panoplosaurus mirus, but not Nodosaurus textilis or Struthiosaurus austriacus, and was named in 2021 by Madzia and colleagues for the group found in many previous analyses, both morphological and phylogenetic. Panoplosaurini includes not only the Late Cretaceous Panoplosaurus, Denversaurus and Edmontonia, but also the mid Cretaceous Animantarx and Texasetes, as well as Patagopelta. However, in the study describing it, its authors only placed it as a nodosaurine outside Panoplosaurini. The approximately equivalent clade Panoplosaurinae, named in 1929 by Franz Nopcsa, but was not significantly used until Robert Bakker reused the name in 1988, alongside the new clades Edmontoniinae and Edmontoniidae, which were considered to unite Panoplosaurus, Denversaurus and Edmontonia to the exclusion of other ankylosaurs. As none of the clades were commonly used, or formally named following the PhyloCode, Madzia et al. named Panoplosaurini instead, as the group of taxa fell within the clade Nodosaurinae, and having the same -inae suffix on both parent and child taxon could be confusing in future. The 2018 phylogenetic analysis of Rivera-Sylva and colleagues was used as the primary reference for Panoplosaurini by Madzia et al., in addition to the supplemental analyses of Arbour et al. (2016), Brown et al. (2017), and Zheng et al. (2018).

<i>Huallasaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaur

Huallasaurus is an extinct genus of saurolophine hadrosaur from the Late Cretaceous Los Alamitos Formation of Patagonia in Argentina. The type and only species is H. australis. Originally named as a species of Kritosaurus in 1984, it was long considered a synonym of Secernosaurus before being recognized as its own distinct genus in a 2022 study, different from other members of Kritosaurini.

<i>Kelumapusaura</i> Extinct genus of dinosaur

Kelumapusaura is a genus of saurolophine hadrosaur from the Late Cretaceous Allen Formation in what is now Patagonia in Argentina. The type and only species is K. machi, known from a bonebed of various individuals.

Patagopelta is an extinct genus of nodosaurine dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Allen Formation of Argentina. The genus contains a single species, P. cristata, known from a partial skeleton. Patagopelta is a very small ankylosaur, comparable in size to the dwarf nodosaurid Struthiosaurus, about 2 m (6.6 ft) long.

<i>Gonkoken</i> Genus of hadrosauroid dinosaurs

Gonkoken is an extinct genus of hadrosauroid ornithopod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Dorotea Formation of Chilean Patagonia. The genus contains a single species, G. nanoi, known from disarticulated bones of multiple individuals.

References

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