BRP Ramon Alcaraz (FF-16)

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BRP RAMON ALCARAZ.jpg
BRP Ramon Alcaraz before the installation of the Mk. 38 Mod. 2 25 mm autocannons.
Flag of the Philippines.svg  Philippines
Name: BRP Ramon Alcaraz
Namesake: Commodore Ramon Alcaraz (1915–2009), former Philippine Navy fleet commander and World War II hero
Acquired: May 22, 2012
Commissioned: November 22, 2013
Maiden voyage: June 10, 2013
Identification:
Nickname(s): BRP Monching
Status: Active
General characteristics
Class and type: Gregorio del Pilar-class frigate
Displacement: 3,250 tons, probably less due to removal of several weapons & sensors system
Length: 378 ft (115 m)
Beam: 43 ft (13 m)
Draft: 8.75 ft (2.67 m)
Propulsion:
Speed: 29 knots (54 km/h)
Range: 14,000 nautical miles (25,900 km)
Endurance: 45 Days
Boats & landing
craft carried:		 2 × RHIB
Sensors and
processing systems:
Electronic warfare
& decoys:		 2 × Mk.36 Super Rapid Blooming Offboard Countermeasures (SRBOC) Chaff and Decoy Launching System
Armament:
Aircraft carried: 1 × AgustaWestland AW109 Power naval helicopter [4]
Aviation facilities: retractable hangar and flight deck

BRP Ramon Alcaraz (FF-16) is a frigate in the Philippine Navy and the second ship of the Gregorio del Pilarclass. From 1968 to 2012, she was known as USCGC Dallas and served the United States Coast Guard as a high endurance cutter. She was decommissioned on 30 March 2012 and acquired by the Philippines under the Excess Defense Articles and the Foreign Assistance Act. [5]

Frigate Type of warship

A frigate is a type of warship, having various sizes and roles over the last few centuries.

Philippine Navy naval warfare branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines

The Philippine Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. It has an estimated strength of 24,000 active service personnel, including the 7,500-strong Philippine Marine Corps. It shares the responsibility of patrolling the maritime borders with the Philippine Coast Guard, its former attached unit until the latter became a separate maritime law enforcement agency on 1998.

USCGC <i>Dallas</i> (WHEC-716)

USCGC Dallas (WHEC-716) was a United States Coast Guard high endurance cutter commissioned in 1967 at the Avondale Shipyard in New Orleans, Louisiana. She was the sixth ship or boat to bear the name of Alexander J. Dallas, the Secretary of the Treasury under President James Madison (1814–1816). She is one of twelve Hamilton-class cutters built for the Coast Guard.

Contents

Ramon Alcaraz is the second of several ex-US Coast Guard Hamilton-class cutters that will serve the Philippine Navy. [6] She is named after Commodore Ramon Alcaraz, a Filipino Naval officer and World War II hero best known for receiving a Silver Star for heroism and gallantry during World War II; [7] [8] for being one of the first officers of the Armed Forces of the Philippines to criticize the Marcos dictatorship; [7] [8] and for the concept proposal which would make him the "father" of the Philippine Marine Corps. [7]

<i>Hamilton</i>-class cutter

The Hamilton-class cutter was the largest class of vessel in the United States Coast Guard until replaced by the Legend-class cutter, aside from the Polar-class icebreakers. The hull classification symbol is prefixed WHEC. The cutters are called the Hamilton class after their lead ship, or "Secretary class" because most of the vessels in the class were named for former Secretaries of the Treasury.

High endurance cutter ship designation

The designation of High endurance cutter (WHEC) was created in 1965 when the United States Coast Guard adopted its own designation system. High endurance cutters encompass the largest cutters previously designated by the United States Navy as gunboats, destroyer escorts, and seaplane tenders. The term High Endurance Cutter may refer to any of five individual ship classes that have seen service in the Coast Guard.

Silver Star military decoration of the United States Armed Forces

The Silver Star Medal, unofficially the Silver Star, is the United States Armed Forces's third-highest personal decoration for valor in combat. The Silver Star Medal is awarded primarily to members of the United States Armed Forces for gallantry in action against an enemy of the United States.

She was originally designated as "PF-16" from 2012 to mid-2016 when the PN adapted a new code designation, which re-designated her to "FF-16".

Design

The ship was designed with a high level of habitability and provides fairly comfortable accommodations, including air conditioning. [9]

Propulsion

Ramon Alcaraz employs the shipboard application of aircraft gas turbine jet engines with the use of controllable pitch propellers. She is equipped with two 18,000 horsepower (13,000 kW) Pratt & Whitney [10] [10] gas turbines and can propel the ship at speeds up to 28 knots (52 km/h). Ramon Alcaraz also has two 3,500 horsepower (2,600 kW) Fairbanks-Morse [10] diesel engines, capable of driving the ship economically at 17 knots (31 km/h) for up to 14,400 nautical miles (26,700 km) without refueling. [10] A retractable/rotatable bow propulsion unit provides manoeuvrability in tight situations.

Pratt & Whitney aircraft engine manufacturer

Pratt & Whitney is an American aerospace manufacturer with global service operations. It is a subsidiary of United Technologies (UTC). Pratt & Whitney's aircraft engines are widely used in both civil aviation and military aviation. Its headquarters are in East Hartford, Connecticut. As one of the "big three" aero-engine manufacturers, it competes with General Electric and Rolls-Royce, although it has also formed joint ventures with both of these companies. In addition to aircraft engines, Pratt & Whitney manufactures gas turbines for industrial and power generation, and marine turbines. As of 2014, the company reported having 31,500 employees supporting more than 11,000 customers in 180 countries around the world. In 2013, Pratt & Whitney's revenue totaled $14.5 billion.

Gas turbine Type of internal combustion engine

A gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of continuous combustion, internal combustion engine. There are three main components:

  1. An upstream rotating gas compressor;
  2. A downstream turbine on the same shaft;
  3. A combustion chamber or area, called a combustor, in between 1. and 2. above.
Fairbanks-Morse company

Fairbanks Morse and Company was an American manufacturing company in the late 19th and early 20th century. Originally a weighing scale manufacturer, it later diversified into pumps, engines, windmills, coffee grinders, farm tractors, feed mills, locomotives and industrial supplies until it was merged in 1958. It used the trade name Fairbanks-Morse.

Armament

Prior to turn-over to the Philippine Navy, the ship was armed with a Mk.75 Oto Melara 76 mm Compact main gun, two Mk.38 25 mm Bushmaster chain guns at midships, and a Phalanx CIWS system aft. [11] The CIWS and chain guns were removed prior to its turn-over, with the Mk.75 gun remaining. [12]

M242 Bushmaster chain gun

The M242 Bushmaster is a 25 mm (25×137mm) chain-driven autocannon. It is used extensively by the U.S. military, as well as by NATO's and some other nations' forces in ground combat vehicles, such as the Bradley fighting vehicle and various watercraft. Originally the weapon was designed and manufactured by Hughes Ordnance in Culver City, California, which was acquired by McDonnell Douglas ; however it is now produced by Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems.

Phalanx CIWS Close-in weapon system

The Phalanx CIWS is a close-in weapon system for defense against anti-ship missiles, helicopters, etc. It was designed and manufactured by the General Dynamics Corporation, Pomona Division. Consisting of a radar-guided 20 mm Vulcan cannon mounted on a swiveling base, the Phalanx has been used by multiple navies around the world, notably the U.S. Navy on every class of surface combat ship with the exception of the San Antonio-class LPD, by the Canadian Royal Canadian Navy, the British Royal Navy, and by the U.S. Coast Guard aboard its Hamilton and Legend-class cutters. The Phalanx is used by 15 other allied nations.

The Philippine Navy then purchased two new Mk.38 Mod.2 25 mm Bushmaster Autocannons to replace the mounts removed by the US Coast Guard. [12] These were already installed as of January 25, 2015. [3]

Flight support

Ramon Alcaraz has a flight deck and hangar capable of handling helicopters.

A newly acquired naval helicopter (an AgustaWestland AW109 Power) made its shipboard deployment on May 21, 2014. [4]

Modernization

The Philippine Navy plans to modernize the entire ship of the class, with an initial program to upgrade the ship's sensors, and another program to improve its weapon systems.

Several systems were acquired through US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) and Foreign Military Financing (FMF), which includes the BAE Systems Mk. 38 Mod. 2 machine gun system (already installed), the SAAB AN/SPS-77 Sea Giraffe AMB 3D air/surface search radar, [13] and the FLIR Systems SeaFLIR 230 Electro-Optical/Infra-Red Camera. [14]

Meanwhile, the Philippine Navy will launch a program to acquire, install and integrate several other sensors into the ship, as part of the Horizon 2 phase of the Revised AFP Modernization Program. Among those to be acquired are new Combat Management System (CMS), Hull Mounted Sonar (HMS), and a Radar Electronic Support Measures (R-ESM). [14]

Future upgrades are planned to install defensive and offensive missile systems and torpedo launchers, although funding is still being secured and might only be included in the next phase of the Navy's moderization program.

History

The ship was first launched in 1968 and served for decades as the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Dallas (WHEC-716) before being given to the Philippines.

The ship was scheduled to be transferred to the Philippines as an excess defense article through the Foreign Assistance Act via a "hot transfer" on May 2012. [15] The Dallas was formally decommissioned on 30 March 2012, and the US Coast Guard removed the ship's guns and other equipment. [16]

On 6 May 2012 during the 70th commemoration of the Fall of Bataan, President Benigno Aquino III announced the naming of the ex-USCGC Dallas to BRP Ramon Alcaraz (PF-16) in honor of the World War II hero and officer of the Philippine Navy. Commodore Ramon "Monching" Alcaraz commanded one of the Philippine Offshore Patrol's Q-boat Q-112 Abra during World War II which shot down 3 Japanese aircraft. [17]

The ex-Dallas was formally transferred to the Philippine government on 22 May 2012 during a ceremony at the Federal Law Enforcement Training Center Pier Papa in North Charleston, South Carolina. The ship was turned over to its Filipino crew, with Capt. Ernesto Baldovino as its first commanding officer. [16] [18] [19] The ship's crew had been in the US for several weeks prior to the transfer for training aboard other Hamilton-class ships operated by the US Coast Guard. [20] Ramon Alcaraz was scheduled to be refitted at the expense of the Philippine Navy prior to sailing to the Philippines. The ship's transfer cost was pegged at Php 450 million (around US$10 million as of 2012), while operation costs will be similar to its sister ship, BRP Gregorio del Pilar. [21] An additional US$5 million was allocated for installation of additional equipment, different from her sister ship Gregorio del Pilar. [22] The ship will have better fire control and weapons systems than Gregorio del Pilar. [23]

The ship was originally expected to leave Charleston, South Carolina for the Philippines on January 2013 but it was delayed. [22] [23] [24] The ship finally departed Charleston harbor at 10:00 AM on 10 June 2013. She reached the Atlantic-side entrance of the Panama Canal and crossed its entire stretch on 17 June. Ramon Alcaraz continued her journey across the Pacific Ocean and was scheduled for port visits at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam in Hawaii, and at Guam. [25] before reaching Manila by 3 August 2013. [26]

On August 1, 2013, Ramon Alcaraz entered Philippine waters. [27] Her official arrival ceremony was held Subic Bay on August 6. [28] [29] On November 22, 2013, she was commissioned as BRP Ramon Alcaraz (PF-16) at Pier 15 in Manila's South Harbor. [30] [31]

After commissioning, she sailed to Tacloban City to transport about 200 tons of relief goods, water purification systems, and navy personnel who helped with relief efforts following Typhoon Haiyan. [30] [31]

Around mid-2016, the Philippine Navy started calling the ship in its new code designation FF-16, together with its sistership BRP Gregorio del Pilar which was re-designated as FF-15, and the upcoming BRP Andres Bonifacio designated as FF-17. [32]

On March 2017, The Philippine Navy sends the Ramon Alcaraz to patrol Benham Rise after a Chinese survey ship sighted in the region days ago.

Notable operational deployments

BRP Ramon Alcaraz (PF-16) with BRP Gregorio del Pilar and US Navy USS John S. McCain during CARAT Philippines 2014. Philippine frigates with USS John S. McCain (DDg-56) in June 2014.JPG
BRP Ramon Alcaraz (PF-16) with BRP Gregorio del Pilar and US Navy USS John S. McCain during CARAT Philippines 2014.

Exercises

Local Exercises

The ship, together with its sister ship BRP Gregorio del Pilar (FF-15) participated in joint naval maneuvers as part of CARAT 2014 Philippines from June 26 to July 1, 2014. It was scheduled to conduct exercises on gunnery, combined air, surface, anti-submarine operations at sea. [33]

During the first week of May 2018, the BRP Ramon Alcaraz participated in the Exercise Balikatan 34-2018 with US Forces together with the BRP Davao del Sur (LD-602). [34]

In the third week of May 2018, the BRP Ramon Alcaraz conducted joint training with HMAS Anzac (FFH 150) around the waters of Negros Island for Exercise Lumbas 2018, a joint Maritime Training Activity between the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) and the Philippine Navy. [35]

BRP Tarlac (LD-601) and BRP Ramon Alcaraz (FF-16) sail in formation during the at-sea portion of Maritime Training Activity (MTA) Sama Sama 2018. BRP Ramon Alcaraz and BRP Tarlac at MTA Sama-Sama 2018 002.jpg
BRP Tarlac (LD-601) and BRP Ramon Alcaraz (FF-16) sail in formation during the at-sea portion of Maritime Training Activity (MTA) Sama Sama 2018.

In the second week of July 2018, the BRP Ramon Alcaraz participated in the Maritime Training Activity (MTA) Sama Sama at Naval Station Ernesto Ogbinar in Pampanga with the US Navy (USN) along with the BRP Tarlac (LD-601) Landing Platform Dock. The USN sent the USNS Millinocket (T-EPF-3) Transport Ship, USNS Salvor (T-ARS 52) Salvage Ship and a P-8 Poseidon Aircraft for the exercise. [36]

During the third week of July 2018, the BRP Ramon Alcaraz participated in a Maritime Security Activity (MSA) with the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) in the waters around Palawan along with the BRP Simeon Castro (PC-374). The RAN sent the vessels HMAS Ararat and HMAS Wollongong for the activity which consists of Ship Training Activities, Maritime Patrols, Maritime Security Threat discussions, among others. [37]

Foreign Exercises

The ship, together with a naval AW109E helicopter (serial PNH-431), traveled to Northern Australia as a major participant in the KAKADU 2014 Multi-lateral Naval Exercises hosted by the Australian Defence Force from August 25 to September 12, 2014. [38] The ship's crew also participated in boarding training with the Australian Navy before the actual sea-phase of the exercises. [39]

From August to September 2018, the BRP Ramon Alcaraz participated again in KAKADU 2018 held in Darwin, Australia which is a biennial event and is the largest maritime exercise hosted by Australia. The 2018 version of the exercise included 3,000 personnel, 23 ships, 1 submarine and 21 aircraft from 28 nations. [40] The Alcaraz participated in various maritime activities there including firing its Oto Melara 76 mm caliber main gun in a live fire exercise. [41]

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 Saunders, Stephen: Jane's Fighting Ships 107th Edition 2004–2005. Jane's Information Group Ltd, 2004.
  2. 1 2 "Navy ship to get new weapons systems". philstar.com. 2012-10-29. Retrieved 2014-06-16.
  3. 1 2 "Finally, the Philippine Navy's BRP Ramon Alcaraz got its Mk.38 Mod.2 Guns". 2015-01-25. Retrieved 2015-01-26.
  4. 1 2 PNA with Camille Diola (June 25, 2014). "New Navy attack helicopters to join first naval maneuvers" . Retrieved June 25, 2014.
  5. ↑ "US government to hand over second ship to Philippines". Philstar.com. 2012-02-09. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
  6. ↑ "AFP eyeing 2 more second-hand US ships". ABS-CBN News. 2011-04-26. Retrieved 2011-05-15.
  7. 1 2 3 "Briefer on Ramon Alcaraz". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Archived from the original on 2018-05-26. Retrieved 2018-05-26.
  8. 1 2 Farolan, Ramon (2013-08-04). "Ramon Alcaraz and national defense". Philippine Daily Inquirer . Retrieved 2018-10-13.
  9. ↑ "History of USCGC Hamilton (WHEC-715)". USCGC Hamilton (WHEC-715) official web site. United States Coast Guard. 2008-06-20. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  10. 1 2 3 4 "WHEC 378' Hamilton class". GlobalSecurity.org. 2005-04-27. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
  11. ↑ "WHEC 378' Hamilton class". Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2011-12-15.
  12. 1 2 "BRP Ramon Alcaraz to get fitted with new guns". gmanetwork.com. 2014-01-06. Retrieved 2014-06-16.
  13. ↑ "U.S. Green Lights FMS of AN/SPS-77 Sea Giraffe Radar for Philippines Navy Hamilton-class Cutters". Navy Recognition. 2016-12-14. Retrieved 2016-12-16.
  14. 1 2 Montero, Max (2018-05-23). "MaxDefense Philippines 23 May 2018". MaxDefense Philippines. Retrieved 2018-10-12.
  15. ↑ "Navy Capability Upgrade Team Inspects New Ship". Philippine Navy – Naval Public Affairs Office. 2011-11-08. Retrieved 2011-11-10.[ permanent dead link ]
  16. 1 2 "2nd US warship sold to Philippines also stripped of guns". Inquirer.net. 2012-05-22. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
  17. ↑ "Philippines' second warship to be named Ramon Alcaraz, World War II hero". Interaksyon.com. 2012-05-06. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
  18. ↑ "Decommissioned Coast Guard Cutter Dallas being transfered[sic] to Philippine navy". The Digitel Charleston. 2012-05-18. Archived from the original on 2012-05-24. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
  19. ↑ "Cutter Dallas officially turned over to Philippines". ABC News 4 Charleston. 2012-05-23. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  20. ↑ "AFP CHIEF TO RECEIVE 2ND US PATROL SHIP". Balitang America – ABS-CBN International. 2012-05-18. Archived from the original on 2013-11-12. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
  21. ↑ "Gazmin assures Navy of brand-new gear, assets showcased on Navy Day". Interaksyon.com. 2012-05-22. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
  22. 1 2 "Phl spends $15M on 2nd US Hamilton-class cutter". Philstar.com. 2012-10-08. Retrieved 2012-10-16.
  23. 1 2 "Arrival of new PH navy ship pushed back". ABS-CBN News. 2012-12-03. Retrieved 24 January 2013.
  24. ↑ Romero, Alexis (2013-05-04). "Arrival of new Phl warship delayed". PhilStar.com. The Philippine Star. Retrieved 2013-05-26.
  25. ↑ "PHL Navy's new ship, the BRP Ramon Alcaraz, reaches San Diego | News | GMA News Online". Gmanetwork.com. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
  26. ↑ "BRP Alcaraz to arrive in PHL on Aug. 3 — DFA". GMA News. 2013-07-04. Retrieved 2013-07-04.
  27. ↑ Frances Mangosing (August 1, 2013). "BRP Ramon Alcaraz enters PH – Navy". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved September 24, 2014.
  28. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-11-12. Retrieved 2013-08-05.
  29. ↑ "PHL attempts to 'modernize' Navy with 46-year-old warship BRP Ramon Alcaraz | News | GMA News Online". Gmanetwork.com. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
  30. 1 2 "Maiden voyage of PH's most capable warship". 2013-11-22. Retrieved 2013-11-30.
  31. 1 2 "BRP Ramon Alcaraz conducts maiden relief mission for 'Yolanda' victims in Tacloban". Philippines Today. Retrieved 2016-09-30.
  32. ↑ USCG Boutwell to be formally transferred to PN, to be renamed BRP Andres Bonifacio [ permanent dead link ]
  33. ↑ Philippines and US to conduct CARAT 2014 near South China Sea
  34. ↑ "Balikatan Exercises Start Amid Worries on China’s Military Buildup in South China Sea"
  35. ↑ "LUMBAS 2018 | PN, RAN Conducts Combined Maritime Training"
  36. ↑ "US & Philippines Strengthen Alliance with Maritime Training Activity 2018"
  37. ↑ "PH, Aussie Navies to Hold Maritime Security Activity in Palawan"
  38. ↑ Philippine Navy Sends Alcaraz for Biggest Aussie War Games Archived 2016-08-26 at the Wayback Machine .
  39. ↑ Australian and Philippine Navies Conduct Boarding Training Together in Darwin
  40. ↑ “Navy Team Sails Back to PH after Joining Aussie Maritime Exercise”
  41. ↑ “LOOK: BRP Alcaraz Fires 15 Rounds of TP Ammunition”
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