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Banner | |
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Manchu: | ![]() Gūsa (romanized) |
Classical Mongolian: ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠱᠤᠬᠤ | qosiγu bošuγu hôxûû bôxig(romanized) |
Chinese: | 旗 (character) qí (Pinyin romanization) |
Cyrillic Mongolian: | Хошуу (cyrillized) khoshuu (romanized) |
Mongolian script: | ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤHôxûû or Hûxûû |
A banner (Chinese :旗; pinyin :qí, as "khoshun" in Mongolian) is an administrative division of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China, equivalent to a county-level administrative division.
Banners were first used during the Qing dynasty, which organized the Mongols into banners except those who belonged to the Eight Banners. Each banner had sums as nominal subdivisions. In Inner Mongolia, several banners made up a league. In the rest, including Outer Mongolia, northern Xinjiang and Qinghai, Aimag (Аймаг) was the largest administrative division. While it restricted the Mongols from crossing banner borders, the dynasty protected Mongolia from population pressure from China proper. After the Mongolian People's Revolution, the banners of Outer Mongolia were abolished in 1923. [1]
There were 49 banners and 24 tribes in Inner Mongolia during the Republic of China. [2]
Today, banners are a county-level division in the Chinese administrative hierarchy. There are 52 banners in total, include 3 autonomous banners. [3]
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Administrative divisions of China |
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History: before 1912, 1912–49, 1949–present Administrative division codes |
The following list of 49 individual Banners is sorted alphabetically according to the banner's specific title (i.e. ignoring adjectives such as New, Old, Left, Right, and so on).
An autonomous banner (Chinese :自治旗; pinyin :zìzhìqí) is a special type of banner set up by the People's Republic of China. There are 3 autonomous banners, all of which are found in northeastern Inner Mongolia, each with a designated ethnic majority other than Han or Mongol and which is a national ethnic minority:
Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. Its border includes most of the length of China's border with the country of Mongolia. Inner Mongolia also accounts for a small section of China's border with Russia. Its capital is Hohhot; other major cities include Baotou, Chifeng, Tongliao, and Ordos.
Demchugdongrub, also known as Prince De, courtesy name Xixian, was a Qing dynasty Mongol prince descended from the Borjigin imperial clan who lived during the 20th century and became the leader of an independence movement in Inner Mongolia. He was most notable for being the chairman of the pro-Japanese Mongol Military Government (1938–39) and later of the puppet state of Mengjiang (1939–45), during the Second Sino-Japanese War. In modern day, some see Demchugdongrub as a Mongol nationalist promoting Pan-Mongolism while others view him as a traitor and as the pawn of the Japanese during World War II.
A league is an administrative unit of the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in the People's Republic of China.
Hulunbuir or Hulun Buir is a region that is governed as a prefecture-level city in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Its administrative center is located at Hailar District, its largest urban area. Major scenic features are the high steppes of the Hulun Buir grasslands, the Hulun and Buir lakes, and the Khingan range. Hulun Buir borders Russia to the north and west, Mongolia to the south and west, Heilongjiang province to the east and Hinggan League to the direct south. Hulunbuir is a linguistically diverse area: next to Mandarin Chinese, Mongolian dialects such as Khorchin and Buryat, the Mongolic language Daur, and some Tungusic languages, including Oroqen and Solon, are spoken there.
The Hinggan League is a prefecture-level subdivision of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. It borders Hulun Buir to the north, the Republic of Mongolia and Xilingol League to the west, Tongliao to the south and the provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang to the east. The name is derived from the Greater Khingan mountain range that crosses the league from the Northwest to the Southeast.
Xilingol, Xilin Gol, Shiliin Gol or Xilinguole Aimag/League is one of 3 leagues of Inner Mongolia. The seat is Xilinhot, and the area is 202,580 km2 (78,220 sq mi). The league's economy is based on mining and agriculture.
The Qing dynasty of China ruled over the Mongolian Plateau, including Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia. Both regions, however, were separately administered within the empire.
Jalaid Banner, officially Jalaid Qi Zhalaite Banner, Hinggan League is a banner under the jurisdiction of Hinggan League in the northeast of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. Jalaid Mongols live here.
Harqin Zuoyi Mongol Autonomous County, commonly abbreviated as Kazuo County (喀左县), is a Mongolian autonomous county in the west of Liaoning province, China. It is under the administration of Chaoyang City, 77 km (48 mi) to the northeast, and has a population of 420,000 residing in an area of 2,240 km2 (860 sq mi). Formerly known as Harqin Left Banner.
Chahar Right Rear Banner is a banner of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Shangdu County to the northeast, Xinghe County to the southeast, Qahar Right Front Banner to the south, Zhuozi County to the southwest, Qahar Right Rear Banner to the west, Dorbod Banner to the northwest, and Xilingol League to the north. It is under the administration of Ulanqab City, which lies to the south along the G55 Erenhot–Guangzhou Expressway. The most important settlement in the banner is Baiyinchagan.
Horqin Right Front Banner is a banner in the east of Inner Mongolia, China, bordering Jilin province to the southeast. It is under the administration of Hinggan League. The local Mongolian dialect is Khorchin Mongolian.
Horqin Right Middle Banner is a banner in the east of Inner Mongolia, China, bordering Jilin province to the east. It is under the administration of Hinggan League. The local Mongolian dialect is Khorchin Mongolian. The banner spans an area of 15,613 square kilometers in area, and has a population of 207,380 as of 2020.
Alxa Left Banner is a banner in the southwest of Inner Mongolia, China. It borders the Republic of Mongolia's Ömnögovi Province to the north, the autonomous region of Ningxia to the southeast, and Gansu province to the southwest. The town of Bayanhot/Bayenhot (Tingyuanying), situated in the banner, is the seat of government of the greater Alxa League, of which Alxa Left Banner is a part.
Ejin or Ejina is a banner in the far west of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Alxa League and is the westernmost county-level division of Inner Mongolia, bordering Gansu province to the west and the Republic of Mongolia's Bayankhongor and Govi-Altai Provinces. Its seat is located at Dalaihob Town (达来呼布镇). To the west, it shares a border with Subei Mongol Autonomous County of Jiuquan, Gansu.
Wu Heling (1896–1980) was a politician in the Republic of China. He was born in Hortin Right Banner, Zhelimu League, Inner Mongolia. His Mongolian name was Ünenbayan. He was ethnic Mongol, and participated in the Mongolian Autonomous Movement. Heling became an important politician in the Mongolian United Autonomous Government and the Mongolian Autonomous Federation (蒙古自治邦).
The Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee (蒙古地方自治政務委員會), also referred to as the Pailingmiao Council or Peilingmiao Council, was a political body of ethnic Mongols in the Chinese Republic. The Nationalist government authorised its establishment in March 1934.
Altanochir (1882–1949) was an Inner Mongolian prince, politician, and general under the Republic of China and Mengjiang governments. He served as deputy head of Yeke-juu League. An ethnic Mongol, he was a native of Right-Wing Rear Banner, Ordos.
The Inner Mongolian People's Republic was a state in Inner Mongolia founded shortly after the Second World War. It existed from 9 September 1945 until 6 November 1945.
This article documents the situation of the COVID-19 pandemic in Inner Mongolia, the People's Republic of China.
The 52 banners in the IMAR are…