Baoding

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Baoding

保定市

Paoting
Prefecture-level city
Baoding 001.jpg
BaodingCathedral.jpg
Bai Shi Shan Chang Cheng .JPG
Channel letter near Xiong'an Citizen Service Center, Apr 2019.jpg
Baoding Ancient Lotus Pond bridge.jpg
Zhili G Office P.jpg
Clockwise from top: Skyline of Baoding, Great Wall on Mount Baishi, Lotus Pool, Zhili Governor's Office, Xiong'an New Area, St. Peter and St. Paul Cathedral
Nickname(s): 
Boot-Shaped City (靴城)
Baoding
Location of Baoding Prefecture within Hebei (China).png
Location of Baoding City jurisdiction in Hebei
China Hebei adm location map.svg
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Baoding
Location of the city centre in Hebei
China Northern Plain relief location map.png
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Baoding
Baoding (North China Plain)
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Baoding
Baoding (China)
Coordinates(Baoding municipal government): 38°52′26″N115°27′50″E / 38.874°N 115.464°E / 38.874; 115.464 Coordinates: 38°52′26″N115°27′50″E / 38.874°N 115.464°E / 38.874; 115.464
Country People's Republic of China
Province Hebei
County-level divisions5 districts
4 county-level cities
15 counties
Township-level divisions28 subdistricts
142 towns
170 townships
3 ethnic townships
Settled477
Established1925
Area
[1]
 •  Prefecture-level city 22,190 km2 (8,570 sq mi)
 • Urban
[2]
344.93 km2 (133.18 sq mi)
 •  Districts [2] 2,564.8 km2 (990.3 sq mi)
Elevation
25 m (83 ft)
Highest elevation
2,286 m (7,500 ft)
Lowest elevation
7 m (23 ft)
Population
[1]
 •  Prefecture-level city 10,425,379 [3]
 •  Urban
[2]
1,653,800
 • Urban density4,800/km2 (12,000/sq mi)
 • Districts [2]
3,068,000
Time zone UTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
071000
Area code(s) 0312
ISO 3166 code CN-HE-06
License plate prefixes 冀F
Website www.bd.gov.cn
Baoding
Chinese 保定
Literal meaning"protect (the capital) and stabilize (the territory)"

Baoding (Chinese :保定; pinyin :Bǎodìng), formerly known as Baozhou and Qingyuan, is a prefecture-level city in central Hebei province, approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) southwest of Beijing. At the 2010 census, Baoding City had 11,194,372 inhabitants out of which 2,176,857 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of 3 urban districts and Qingyuan and Mancheng counties largely being conurbated, on 1,840 km2 (710 sq mi). [1] Baoding is among 13 Chinese cities with a population of over 10 million, ranking seventh. [4]

Contents

History

Baoding is a city with a history dating back to the Western Han Dynasty. It was destroyed by the Mongols in the 13th century, but after the Mongols established the Yuan Dynasty, it was rebuilt. It acquired the name "Baoding" during the Yuan dynasty — the name is roughly interpreted as "protecting the capital", referring to the city's proximity to Beijing. Baoding served for many years as the capital of Zhili, and was a significant centre of culture in the Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. During the Boxer rebellion, Boxer rebels killed a Turk, two Swiss, and an Italian in Baoding.

On August 1, 1949, the people's Government of Hebei province was established, Baoding was the capital of the province, and the city of Baoding was a provincial municipality. On August 9, the administrative inspector's office of the Baoding district was established, and it was established as the administrative inspector's office of the county district.

In May 1958, the capital of Hebei was moved to Tianjin.

In January 1966, the provincial capital was moved from Tianjin to Baoding.

In February 1968, the provincial capital moved to Shijiazhuang.

In December 1994, the Baoding area merged with Baoding to become a provincial city.

In April 2017, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council announced the decision to transform Baoding's Xiong, Rongcheng, and Anxin counties into Xiong'an New Area, a new development area of national significance, with a focus on innovation, sustainability and quality of life, following the success of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and Shanghai's Pudong New Area.

Geography

Baoding is located in the west-central portion of Hebei province and lies on the North China Plain, with the Taihang Mountains to the west. Bordering prefecture-level cities in the province are Zhangjiakou to the north, Langfang and Cangzhou to the east, and Shijiazhuang and Hengshui to the south. Baoding also borders Beijing to the northeast and Shanxi to the west.

Elevations in Baoding's administrative area decrease from northwest to southeast. The western parts are dominated by mountains and hills that are generally more than 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) tall; this area includes parts of Laishui, Yi, Mancheng, Shunping, Tang and Fuping Counties as well as the entirety of Laiyuan County, occupying 30.6% of the prefecture's area. [1] The highest peak is Mount Waitou (歪头山), with an elevation of 2,286 metres (7,500 ft). [1] Moving southeast from this area, one encounters low-lying mountains and hills, taking up 18.9% of the prefecture's area. [1] Further to the east lies generally flat terrain of 30 to 100 metres (98 to 330 ft) elevation. Here the primary rivers are the Juma, Yishui (易水), Cao (漕河), Longquan (龙泉河), Tang (唐河), and Sha Rivers. Baiyangdian Lake, the largest natural lake in northern China, can be found nearby.

Climate

Baoding has a continental, monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa), [5] characterised by hot, humid summers due to the East Asian monsoon, and generally cold, windy, very dry winters that reflect the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone. Spring can bear witness to sandstorms blowing in from the Mongolian steppe, accompanied by rapidly warming, but generally dry, conditions. Autumn is similar to spring in temperature and lack of rainfall. The annual rainfall, about 60% of which falls in July and August alone, is highly variable and not reliable. In the city itself, this amount has averaged to a meagre 513 millimetres (20.2 in) per annum. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −3.2 °C (26.2 °F) in January to 26.8 °C (80.2 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 12.9 °C (55.2 °F). There are 2,500 to 2,900 hours of bright sunshine annually, and the frost-free period lasts 165−210 days.

Climate data for Baoding (1971−2000)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)14.9
(58.8)		23.1
(73.6)		26.7
(80.1)		33.8
(92.8)		37.8
(100.0)		41.6
(106.9)		41.6
(106.9)		37.7
(99.9)		34.3
(93.7)		31.0
(87.8)		23.5
(74.3)		17.1
(62.8)		41.6
(106.9)
Average high °C (°F)2.5
(36.5)		5.8
(42.4)		12.6
(54.7)		21.3
(70.3)		27.0
(80.6)		31.7
(89.1)		31.7
(89.1)		30.1
(86.2)		26.5
(79.7)		20.0
(68.0)		10.8
(51.4)		4.1
(39.4)		18.7
(65.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)−3.2
(26.2)		−0.1
(31.8)		6.6
(43.9)		14.9
(58.8)		20.6
(69.1)		25.4
(77.7)		26.8
(80.2)		25.3
(77.5)		20.6
(69.1)		13.6
(56.5)		5.1
(41.2)		−1.2
(29.8)		12.9
(55.2)
Average low °C (°F)−7.7
(18.1)		−4.7
(23.5)		1.3
(34.3)		8.8
(47.8)		14.5
(58.1)		19.6
(67.3)		22.6
(72.7)		21.4
(70.5)		15.7
(60.3)		8.7
(47.7)		0.8
(33.4)		−5.2
(22.6)		8.0
(46.4)
Record low °C (°F)−19.6
(−3.3)		−15.7
(3.7)		−14.8
(5.4)		−3.2
(26.2)		5.5
(41.9)		10.7
(51.3)		13.4
(56.1)		12.6
(54.7)		5.7
(42.3)		−2.3
(27.9)		−11.6
(11.1)		−17.9
(−0.2)		−19.6
(−3.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches)2.0
(0.08)		4.8
(0.19)		8.0
(0.31)		17.1
(0.67)		32.6
(1.28)		64.0
(2.52)		172.2
(6.78)		133.7
(5.26)		43.1
(1.70)		21.4
(0.84)		10.5
(0.41)		3.1
(0.12)		512.5
(20.16)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)1.62.03.14.25.77.711.711.36.94.93.31.664.0
Source: Weather China

Administrative divisions

Map including Baoding and surrounding region (NIMA, 1998) Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566 g-9b.jpg
Map including Baoding and surrounding region (NIMA, 1998)

Baoding prefecture-level city consists of 5 municipal districts, 4 county-level cities, 15 counties:

Map
Division code [6] English name Simp. Chinese Pinyin Area in km2 [7] SeatPostal codeDivisions [8]
Subdistricts Towns Townships Ethnic townships Residential communities (居委会)Villages (村委会)
130600Baoding保定市Bǎodìng Shì22185 Jingxiu District 0710002814217033896209
130602 Jingxiu District 竞秀区Jìngxiù Qū149 Xianfeng Subdistrict (先锋街道)071000568079
130603 Lianchi District 莲池区Liánchí Qū82 Wusi Road Subdistrict (五四路街道)07100010791121
130605 Mancheng District 满城区Mǎnchéng Qū658 Huiyang Subdistrict (惠阳街道)0721001576204
130606 Qingyuan District 清苑区Qīngyuán Qū856 Qingyuan (清苑镇)0711008106266
130607 Xushui District 徐水区Xúshuǐ Qū723 Ansu (安肃镇)0725007715304
130633 Yi County 易县Yì Xiàn2535 Yizhou (易州镇)07420091817469
130630 Laiyuan County 涞源县Láiyuán Xiàn2431 Laiyuan (涞源镇)0743007108285
130626 Dingxing County 定兴县Dìngxīng Xiàn714 Dingxing (定兴镇)0726005118274
130636 Shunping County 顺平县Shùnpíng Xiàn712 Puyang (蒲阳镇)072200554237
130627 Tang County 唐县Táng Xiàn1414 Renhou (仁厚镇)0723007138345
130631 Wangdu County 望都县Wàngdū Xiàn358 Wangdu (望都镇)072400267143
130623 Laishui County 涞水县Láishuǐ Xiàn1662 Laishui (涞水镇)0741007816284
130628 Gaoyang County 高阳县Gāoyáng Xiàn496 Gaoyang (高阳镇)0715004511170
130632 Anxin County 安新县Ānxīn Xiàn728 Anxin (安新镇)071600935207
130638 Xiong County 雄县Xióng Xiàn513 Xiongzhou (雄州镇)071800637223
130629 Rongcheng County 容城县Róngchéng Xiàn311 Rongcheng (容城镇)071700534127
130634 Quyang County 曲阳县Qūyáng Xiàn1076 Hengzhou (恒州镇)0731005136367
130624 Fuping County 阜平县Fùpíng Xiàn2494 Fuping (阜平镇)073200585209
130637 Boye County 博野县Bóyě Xiàn331 Boye (博野镇)071300344133
130635 Li County 蠡县Lǐ Xiàn653 Liwu (蠡吾镇)071400856232
130682 Dingzhou City 定州市Dìngzhōu Shì1284 Nanchengqu Subdistrict (南城区街道)0730003175131486
130681 Zhuozhou City 涿州市Zhuōzhōu Shì751 Shuangta Subdistrict (双塔街道)07270036539404
130683 Anguo City 安国市Ānguó Shì485 Qizhouyaoshi Subdistrict (祁州药市街道)0712001646198
130684 Gaobeidian City 高碑店市Gāobēidiàn Shì674 Xinghua Road Subdistrict (兴华路街道)07400056419442
  Xiong'an New Area 雄安新区Xióng'ān Xīnqū106.46 Rongcheng (容城镇)
Note: Baoding New High Technology Product Development Zone (保定高新技术产业开发区) includes Damafang Township (大马坊乡) of Jingxiu District and Jiantai Township (贤台乡) of Mancheng District; the Baigou New City (白沟新城) includes Baigou Town (白沟镇) of Gaobeidian City.

Demographics

Baoding City Demographics
Division name



Residence population [9] (November 2010) Hukou population [10]
(end of 2010)
TotalRatio (%)Population density (persons/km2)
Baoding City11,194,379100504.5511610199
Xinshi District482,7684.312540.88459038
Beishi District387,3393.465164.52322205
Nanshi District287,7842.572877.84279725
Mancheng County387,3073.46615.75411417
Qingyuan County631,6595.64728.56648645
Laishui County339,0633.03204.50352993
Fuping County205,2991.8382.28223846
Xushui County563,0305.03778.74586104
Dingxing County517,8734.63725.31585913
Tang County529,0664.73373.37590575
Gaoyang County345,1603.08695.89340163
Rongcheng County258,1792.31822.23265389
Laiyuan County260,6782.33106.49283537
Wangdu County250,0142.23781.29265525
Anxin County437,3783.91604.11440817
Yi County537,5644.80212.14570806
Quyang County588,5595.26542.95610065
Li County505,5744.52775.42532322
Shunping County295,7642.64417.75317484
Boye County245,5042.19741.70268941
Xiong County359,5063.21686.08375470
Zhuozhou City603,5355.39813.39645542
Dingzhou City1,165,18210.41914.591214852
Anguo City370,3143.31761.96409834
Gaobeidian City640,2805.72938.83608991
Note: The 58,709 people residing in Baoding High Technology Product Development Zone and the 124,274 in the Baigou New City are not listed separately.

According to the 2010 Census, the residence population stood at 11,194,379, an increase of 605,100 (5.71%) from 2000. The male-female ratio was 101.94:100. Children aged up to 14 numbered 1,915,800 (17.11% of the population), citizens 15 to 64 numbered 8,370,600 (74.78%), and 65+ numbered 908,000 (8.11%). The urban area of Baoding has a population of around 1,006,000 (2009). The overwhelming majority of the population is Han Chinese. The language of Baoding is Mandarin Chinese — specifically, the Baoding dialect of Ji-Lu Mandarin. Despite Baoding's proximity to Beijing, the Chinese spoken in Baoding is not particularly close to the Beijing dialect — rather, it is more closely related to Tianjin dialect.

Economy

Baoding is located in the centre of the Bohai Rim economic area which includes Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang. One of the largest employers in Baoding is China Lucky Film, the largest photosensitive materials and magnetic recording media manufacturer in China. [11] And, Yingli group, 2010 World Cup sponsor, has its headquarters in Baoding, who is the Global Top 10 solar panel manufacturer. More renowned companies include ZhongHang HuiTeng Windpower Equipment Co., Ltd (Wind Turbine), Baoding Tianwei Group Co., Ltd (Transformer) and Great Wall Motor.

In April 2017, an area in Baoding was designated as a Xiong'an New Area, a development zone of initially 100 km2 and up to 2000 km2, the site of what will eventually be a new city and the hub of the Beijing-Tinajin-Hebei development area.

Great Wall Motors Company Limited is a Chinese automobile manufacturer headquartered in Baoding, Hebei, China. The company is named after the Great Wall of China and was formed in 1984. It is China's largest sport utility vehicle (SUV) and pick-up truck producer. It sells passenger cars and trucks under the Great Wall brand and SUVs under the Haval and WEY brands.

In 2016, Great Wall Motors set a historical sales record of 1,074,471 cars worldwide, increased by 26% compared to 2015.

Renewable energy

Baoding city has one of China's biggest plants which manufacture blades used in wind turbine generators, catering mainly to the domestic market. Tianwei Wind Power Technology is one of the three main plants in Baoding that produces wind turbine generators. It wheeled out its first 20 turbines in 2008, and it will produce 150 units in 2009 and another 500 in 2010. Nevertheless, Baoding is currently listed as the most polluted city in China. [13]

Transport

Bus line 1 NG-0395 at Baoding Railway Station (20160310114142).jpg
Bus line 1

Baoding has good connections to other cities, being located on one of the main routes in and out of Beijing. The Jingshi Expressway connects the two cities, and Baoding is also the western terminus of the Baojin Expressway linking Baoding with Tianjin, which is one out of two nearest ports (Huanghua is the other one). The Jingguang Railway provides frequent services to Beijing West railway station. On 30 December 2012, a new Baoding station was opened, while the old train station was closed for passengers. [14] Baoding East railway station lies 9.5 km (5.9 mi)to the east on the Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway.

Military

Baoding is headquarters of the 38th Mechanized Group Army of the People's Liberation Army, one of the three group armies that comprise the Beijing Military Region responsible for defending the PRC capital.

Culture

Baoding balls Baoding Balls in Use.JPG
Baoding balls
A street of Baoding Baoding1.jpg
A street of Baoding

Perhaps the best-known item to supposedly originate in Baoding are Baoding Balls, which can be used to relax one's keyboard hand and strengthen one's wrist. The most famous local specialty food is the Donkey Burger (Chinese :驴肉火烧).

Anxin County is home to the Quantou Village Music Association (圈头村音乐会), a well known traditional music group performing on guan (oboes), sheng (mouth organs), and percussion. The village of Quantou is located on an island in Lake Baiyangdian.

The city's streets follow a rough grid pattern, although this is less obvious in the older part of the city. The traditional main street of old Baoding is Yuhua Road, running from the city's centre to its eastern edge — most of Baoding's historic buildings are located in this area, along with some of its larger shopping centres. Other major streets include Dongfeng Road and Chaoyang Avenue. There is a ring road around the city.

Baoding is home to Hebei University, North China Electric Power University with other 3 universities and 12 colleges.

Historic sites

A courtyard in the mansion of the governor of Zhili ZhiLiGovernorMansion.jpg
A courtyard in the mansion of the governor of Zhili

Baoding contains a number of notable historic sites. In the city proper, there can be found a historic provincial governor's mansion and an ancient lotus garden. In the hills to the northwest of the city, near the suburb of Mancheng, there are the Mancheng Han Tombs, where Prince Liu Sheng and his wife Dou Wan were buried.

The greater Baoding administrative area has 16 designated state-level cultural relics:

  1. Yan State Capital Relics (475BC-221BC, Yixian County)
  2. Great Wall at Zijinguan Pass (1368–1644, Yixian County and Laiyuan County)
  3. Stele of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching (618-907, Yixian County)
  4. Western Qing Tombs (1730–1915, Yixian County)
  5. Geyuan Temple (916-1125, Laiyuan County)
  6. Ciyun Pavilion (1306, Dingxing County)
  7. Yicihui Stone Pillar (550-577, Dingxing County)
  8. Kaiyuan Temple (960-1127, Dingzhou County)
  9. Kaishan Temple (618-907, Gaobeidian County)
  10. Dingzhou Porcelain Kiln Relic (960-1127, Quyang County)
  11. Beiyue Temple (386-543, Quyang County)
  12. Jin-cha-ji Border Region Headquarters Ruins (1938, Fuping County)
  13. Ranzhuang Underground Tunnel (1937–1945, Qingyuan County)
  14. Mancheng Han Tombs (154BC-113BC, Mancheng County)
  15. Zhili Provincial Governor Office (1730–1911, Baoding)
  16. Historical Site of the Baoding Military Academy (1902–1923)

Notable people

Sister city

See also

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Hebei District is a district of the municipality of Tianjin, People's Republic of China. Its name literally means "District north of the River", as the district is located on the northern shore of the Hai River, part of the Grand Canal. Tianjin's famous Zhongshan Park lies within the district. Tianjin's North Train Station and many other train structures are also located in Hebei District. The district administers ten streets in total.

Baoding railway station

Baoding railway station is a railway station located on Beijing–Guangzhou railway and Tianjin–Baoding intercity railway in Baoding, Hebei, China. The station is a Class 1 station administered and operated by China Railway Beijing Group. About 120 trains stop at this station every day.

Tianjin–Baoding intercity railway

Tianjin–Baoding intercity railway, also known as Tianjin-Baoding Passenger Line, is a high-speed railway line connecting Tianjin with Baoding in Hebei province. Starting from Tianjin West railway station and finally to Baoding railway station, the railway length is 158 km (98 mi) and with a maximum design speed of 250 km/h (160 mph). The project was jointly developed by the Ministry of Railways, Tianjin and Hebei Provincial Governments, supplying a total investment of 24 billion yuan. Construction began in March 2010 and the original plan was to be opened to traffic in 2013, however the progress of construction has experienced numerous work stoppages with completion delayed until December 28, 2015. Future high speed rail connections have been proposed such as a branch to the new Beijing Daxing International Airport currently under construction, allowing this airport to better serve the greater Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

Xiongan State-level new area in Hebei, Peoples Republic of China

Xiong'an New Area is a state-level new area in the Baoding area of Hebei, China. Established in April 2017, the area is located about 100 km southwest of Beijing and 50 km east of downtown Baoding. Its main function is to serve as a development hub for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jingjinji) economic triangle. Additionally, "non-core" functions of the Chinese capital are expected to migrate here, including offices of some state-owned enterprises, government agencies, and research and development facilities.

Xushui railway station

Xushui railway station is a station on Beijing–Guangzhou railway and Tianjin–Baoding intercity railway in Xushui District, Baoding, Hebei.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 概况 (in Chinese). Baoding People's Government. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, ed. (2019). China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017. Beijing: China Statistics Press. p. 46. Retrieved 11 January 2020.
  3. ↑ "China: Hébĕi (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de.
  4. ↑ 最新中国城市人口数量排名（根据2010年第六次人口普查）. www.elivecity.cn. 2012. Retrieved 2014-05-28.
  5. ↑ Peel, M. C. and Finlayson, B. L. and McMahon, T. A. (2007). "Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification". Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 11: 1633-1644. ISSN 1027-5606.
  6. ↑ "Archived copy" 国家统计局统计用区划代码 (in Chinese). National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China. 2011. Archived from the original on 2012-04-07. Retrieved 2013-01-01.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. ↑ 《保定经济统计年鉴2011》[ full citation needed ]
  8. ↑ 《中国民政统计年鉴2012》[ full citation needed ]
  9. ↑ 《保定市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报》[ full citation needed ]
  10. ↑ 《中华人民共和国全国分县市人口统计资料2010》[ full citation needed ]
  11. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-03-04. Retrieved 2008-12-14.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  12. ↑ "欢迎进入保定国家高新技术产业开发区！". May 1, 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-05-01.
  13. ↑ "China names 10 most polluted cities" . Retrieved 2016-10-08.
  14. ↑ "Baoding new railway station" . Retrieved 2013-01-03.
  15. ↑ "Wei Jianjun". Forbes. Retrieved 3 January 2015.
  16. ↑ "Interactive City Directory". Sister Cities International . Archived from the original on 9 December 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2014.

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