Bavar 373

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Bavar 373
Bavar-373-TEL.jpg
Bavar-373 TEL
TypeMobile long range surface-to-air missile/anti-ballistic missile system
Place of origin Iran
Service history
In serviceAugust 2019 [1]
Production history
Designed2010–2019 [2] [ failed verification ]
Specifications
Operational
range
200 km (Sayyad-4 missile)

Bavar-373 (Persian : باور-۳۷۳‎, meaning 'Belief') is an Iranian long-range road-mobile surface-to-air missile system unveiled in August 2016. [3] Iran describes it as a competitor with the S-300 missile system. It is manufactured by the Iranian Defense Ministry in cooperation with unspecified local manufacturers and universities. [4]

Persian language Western Iranian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi, is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. It is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan in three mutually intelligible standard varieties, namely Iranian Persian, Dari Persian and Tajiki Persian. It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate history in the cultural sphere of Greater Iran. It is written officially within Iran and Afghanistan in the Persian alphabet, a derivation of the Arabic script, and within Tajikistan in the Tajik alphabet, a derivation of Cyrillic.

Iran Islamic Republic in Western Asia

Iran, also called Persia, and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, is a country in Western Asia. With 82 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th most populous country. Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran, and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area.

Surface-to-air missile Ground-launched missile designed to attack aerial targets

A surface-to-air missile (SAM), or ground-to-air missile, is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles. It is one type of antiaircraft system; in modern armed forces, missiles have replaced most other forms of dedicated antiaircraft weapons, with anti-aircraft guns pushed into specialized roles.

Contents

The system was formally unveiled during a ceremony attended by the Iranian President Hassan Rouhani on August 22nd, 2019, [5] [6] [7] [8] and was declared operational that same day. [9]

Hassan Rouhani 7th President of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Hassan Rouhani is an Iranian politician serving as the current and seventh President of Iran since 3 August 2013. He was also a lawyer, academic, former diplomat and Islamic cleric. He has been a member of Iran's Assembly of Experts since 1999, member of the Expediency Council since 1991, and a member of the Supreme National Security Council since 1989. Rouhani was deputy speaker of the fourth and fifth terms of the Parliament of Iran (Majlis) and Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council from 1989 to 2005. In the latter capacity, he was the country's top negotiator with the EU three, UK, France, and Germany, on nuclear technology in Iran, and has also served as a Shi'ite ijtihadi cleric, and economic trade negotiator. He has expressed official support for upholding the rights of ethnic and religious minorities. In 2013, he appointed former industries minister Eshaq Jahangiri as his first vice-president.

History

Sayyad-4 Surface-to-air missile during the unveiling ceremony on the National Defense Industry Day on August 22nd, 2019 Sayyad-4-Missile.jpg
Sayyad-4 Surface-to-air missile during the unveiling ceremony on the National Defense Industry Day on August 22nd, 2019
Left: Bavar-373's Command and control (C2) vehicle Right: Bavar-373's Engagement radar Bavar-373-Command.jpg
Left: Bavar-373's Command and control (C2) vehicle
Right: Bavar-373's Engagement radar

After the Russian ban on exporting S-300 to Iran (which was lifted in 2015), Iran decided to develop a similar system domestically: "We have planned to build a long-range air defense missile system similar to S-300. By God's grace and by the Iranian engineers' efforts, we will reach self-sufficiency in this regard." [10]

It was later revealed that the name of the system will be Bavar 373. Bavar meaning "believe" and 373 which is the Abjad number of prophet Muhammad's name. [11]

Abjad numerals numeral system

The Abjad numerals, also called Hisab al-Jummal, are a decimal alphabetic numeral system/alphanumeric code, in which the 28 letters of the Arabic alphabet are assigned numerical values. They have been used in the Arabic-speaking world since before the eighth century when positional Arabic numerals were adopted. In modern Arabic, the word ʾabjadīyah (أبجدية) means 'alphabet' in general.

Muhammad Founder of Islam

Muhammad was an Arab religious, social and political leader and the founder of Islam. According to Islamic doctrine, he was a prophet, sent to present and confirm the monotheistic teachings preached previously by Adam, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and other prophets. He is viewed as the final prophet of God in all the main branches of Islam, though some modern denominations diverge from this belief. Muhammad united Arabia into a single Muslim polity, with the Quran as well as his teachings and practices forming the basis of Islamic religious belief. He is referred to by many appellations, including Messenger of Allah, The Prophet Muhammad, Allah's Apostle, Last Prophet of Islam and others; there are also many variant spellings of Muhammad, such as Mohamet, Mahamad, Muhamad and many others.

Farzad Esmaieli, commander of Khatam-ol-Anbia Base told Iranian media that the development of this system started by the direct order of supreme leader Ayatollah Khamenei when the first information about cancellation of S-300 contract was revealed and Iranian personnel were still being trained in Russia on it. [12] He said the project was in the stage of prototype designing and that it was not going to suffer from the weak points of the S-300. He continued that in the area of detection and radars, a very good point was reached and defense ministry was working on two or three missiles each for a different range and altitude. He said that the design was complete, all the parts were going to be manufactured inside the country and it had a good ability to detect and intercept enemy aircraft. According to Iranian military sources, the system is much more capable than S-300P class. [13]

Ali Khamenei Iranian Shiite faqih, Marja and official independent islamic leader

Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei is a Twelver Shia Marja' and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989. He was previously President of Iran from 1981 to 1989. Khamenei is the second-longest serving head of state in the Middle East, as well as the second-longest serving Iranian leader of the last century, after Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi.

The first prototype was built on November 22, 2011. [14] Iran announced that the system was designed and built by defense ministry, domestic industries and some Iranian universities. Esmaieli said that Iran doesn't even think about S-300 anymore as Bavar-373 was much more capable. Iranian sources suggest that the Bavar 373 will be mobile, with four missiles loaded on each mobile truck launcher.

The Iranian defense ministry is due to equip the country's Armed Forces with a new long-range air-defense system by March 21, 2013, a senior Iranian military official announced on Saturday August 25, 2012. [15] On 3 September 2012, Farzad Esmaili said that the development of the system was now 30 percent complete. [16] On 1 January 2013, the same commander announced that the sub-systems of the homemade air-defense system are being tested in laboratory. [17]

Esmaili updated his estimate in February 2014 and said the system would be ready by the end of 2015. [18]

On August 21, 2016 Iran revealed components of Bavar-373. According to Janes international: "Bavar-373 displayed on 21 August is clearly a unique Iranian system that appears to reflect extensive investment in its ability to develop phased array radars". [19] The system shows vertical, rectangular launch canister with details suggesting a hot launch system (unlike cold launch used in system such as S-300).

On August 16, 2019, the Iranian MOD said the Bavar 373 was ready to be delivered to the Iranian armed forces. [20] On August 22, 2019, Iran unveiled the Bavar-373 during a ceremony in the presence of President Hassan Rouhani, Defense Minister Brigadier General Amir Hatami and other senior military officials. [21] Iranian state-run media stated that the "missile defense system 'much better' than US Patriot, S-300" [22] and that "the system is a competitor to Russia’s S-300 missile system". [23] According to the Iranian defense chief, the Bavar-373 "can detect targets or planes at more than 300 km, lock it at about 250 km, and destroy it at 200 km".

Design

In April 2015, Iran unveiled some of Bavar's subsystems, which include the Fakour commanding and smart control system which has the ability to collect information from all sources relevant to air defense, including passive and active military radars (such as the Mersad), signal surveillance, missile systems and commanding and control systems. [24]

The Rasoul advanced communications system is for encoding information, connecting the country’s infrastructure and transferring radar information from the battle scene to commanding centers. [24]

Bavar-373 will utilize Sayyad-4 missile, which are contained in two rectangular launch canisters. No formal information was given about this missile but it appears from news photos that Sayyad-4 is similar to Sayyad-3 in wings and control surfaces, however it varies lightly in frontal shape. [25]

The canisters containing the Sayyad-4 missiles are to be carried on the Zoljanah 10×10 truck. [26] [27]

Bavar-373 uses a phased array radar for tracking aerodynamic targets and ballistic missiles in medium to long ranges, mounted on the ZAFAR heavy truck. [28] One of the radars used in Bavar-373 is Meraj (Ascension), a phased array radar with range of 450 km which uses fuzzy logic techniques to spot targets. [29] Meraj can track up to 200 targets simultaneously. [30]

The long-range air defense system is capable of detecting up to 100 targets, tracking 60 of them, and engage with six concurrently. [31]

Operators

Flag of Iran.svg  Iran - Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force

See also

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References

  1. ↑ https://en.mehrnews.com/news/149156/VIDEO-Iran-unveils-Bavar-373-air-defense-system
  2. ↑ https://en.mehrnews.com/news/149156/VIDEO-Iran-unveils-Bavar-373-air-defense-system
  3. ↑ "Iran Unveils First Home-Made Turbojet Engine, Bavar 373 Air Defense System". Farsnews.com. 2016-08-21. Retrieved 2016-10-25.
  4. ↑ https://en.mehrnews.com/amp/141451/
  5. ↑ https://en.mehrnews.com/news/149156/VIDEO-Iran-unveils-Bavar-373-air-defense-system
  6. ↑ https://www.foxnews.com/world/iran-bavar-373-missile-system
  7. ↑ http://president.ir/en/110888
  8. ↑ https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2019/08/22/604153/Iran-missile-system-Bavar373-President-Rouhani-Defense-Minister-Hatami
  9. ↑ https://en.mehrnews.com/news/149156/VIDEO-Iran-unveils-Bavar-373-air-defense-system
  10. ↑ Cordesman, Anthony H. (23 January 2015). Iran's Rocket and Missile Forces and Strategic Options. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN   9781442240667 – via Google Books.
  11. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20111108094928/http://oneonline.ir/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2314&Itemid=35. Archived from the original on November 8, 2011. Retrieved January 2, 2012.Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. ↑ "اس 300 ايراني بانام باور373". Tebyan.net. 1390-06-30. Retrieved 2012-12-22.Check date values in: |date= (help)
  13. ↑ http://www.janes.com/article/42790/iran-reveals-its-bavar-373-sam
  14. ↑ "ساخت سامانه باور 373 توسط متخصصان ایرانی". Sarzaminkhabar.ir. 01 آذر 1390. Archived from the original on 2012-06-05. Retrieved 2012-12-22.Check date values in: |date= (help)
  15. ↑ "Iran to Boost Air-Defense Power with New Long-Range System Soon". Fars News Agency. 25 August 2012. Archived from the original on 29 August 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  16. ↑ "Iran completes 30 percent of missile defense system, says military official." Reuters, 3 September 2012.
  17. ↑ "Commander: Iran Testing Subsystems of Home-Made S-300 Air-Defense System". Farsnews. 2013-01-01. Archived from the original on 2013-01-04. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
  18. ↑ Aron Donzis (16 February 2014). "Iran says powerful air defense system to be ready in 2015". The Times of Israel . Retrieved 17 February 2014.
  19. ↑ "Iran unveils Bavar-373 long-range air-defence system". "Jane's 360". 24 August 2016. Archived from the original on 25 August 2016.
  20. ↑ "اس ۳۰۰ ایرانی آماده تحویل به نیروهای مسلح شد". Aug 2019.
  21. ↑ "Iran unveils new domestically-built missile system on Defense Industry Day". Presstv.com. 22 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  22. ↑ "Iran says its missile defense system 'much better' than US Patriot, S-300". Presstv.com. 23 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  23. ↑ "Iran unveils new domestically-built missile system on Defense Industry Day". Presstv.com. 22 August 2019. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  24. 1 2 "PressTV-Iran's version of S-300 system unveiled".
  25. ↑ http://www.mashreghnews.ir/fa/news/363390
  26. ↑ "Iran plans fielding Bavar 373 air & missile defense system this year - Defense Update". defense-update.com.
  27. ↑ Monitor Mideast (22 September 2012). "Iranian Army Introduces Zoljanah Heavy Duty Tactical 10x10 Truck" – via YouTube.
  28. ↑ "40 types of Iranian Radars". Mashregh News Agancy.[ permanent dead link ]
  29. ↑ "Iran shows off S300 lookalike, turbojet engine". 21 August 2016.
  30. ↑ "Iran unveils new home-made radars". 22 October 2016.
  31. ↑ https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2019/08/26/2083852/army-commander-lauds-iranian-air-defense-systems
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