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An antiquarian or antiquary is an aficionado or student of antiquities or things of the past. More specifically, the term is used for those who study history with particular attention to ancient artefacts, archaeological and historic sites, or historic archives and manuscripts. The essence of antiquarianism is a focus on the empirical evidence of the past, and is perhaps best encapsulated in the motto adopted by the 18th-century antiquary Sir Richard Colt Hoare, "We speak from facts, not theory."
Edward Foss was an English lawyer and biographer. He became a solicitor, and on his retirement from practice in 1840, devoted himself to the study of legal antiquities. His Judges of England was regarded as a standard work, characterized by accuracy and extensive research. Biographia Juridica, a Biographical Dictionary of English Judges, appeared shortly after his death.
Joseph Ames was an English bibliographer and antiquary. He purportedly wrote an account of printing in England from 1471 to 1600 entitled Typographical Antiquities (1749). It is uncertain whether he was by occupation a ship's chandler, a pattern-maker, a plane iron maker or an ironmonger. Though never educated beyond grammar school, he prospered in trade and amassed valuable collections of rare books and antiquities.
Richard Farmer FRS FSA (1735–1797) was a Shakespearean scholar and Master of Emmanuel College, Cambridge. He is known for his Essay on the Learning of Shakespeare (1767), in which he maintained that Shakespeare's knowledge of the classics was through translations, the errors of which he reproduced.
Francis Grose was an English antiquary, draughtsman, and lexicographer. He produced A Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue (1785) and A Provincial Glossary, with a Collection of Local Proverbs, and Popular Superstitions (1787).
William Cookworthy was an English Quaker minister, a successful pharmacist and an innovator in several fields of technology. He was the first person in Britain to discover how to make hard-paste porcelain, like that imported from China. He subsequently discovered china clay in Cornwall. In 1768 he founded a works at Plymouth for the production of Plymouth porcelain; in 1770 he moved the factory to Bristol, to become Bristol porcelain, before selling it to a partner in 1773.
John Fothergill FRS was an English physician, plant collector, philanthropist and Quaker. His medical writings were influential, and he built up a sizeable botanic garden in what is now West Ham Park in London.
Charles Roach Smith, FSA, was an English antiquarian and amateur archaeologist who was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London, and the London Numismatic Society. He was a founding member of the British Archaeological Association. Roach Smith pioneered the statistical study of Roman coin hoards.
Samuel Pegge "the Elder" was an English antiquary and clergyman.
Thomas Martin, known as "Honest Tom Martin of Palgrave", was an antiquarian and lawyer.
Andrew Coltée Ducarel was a French-English antiquary, librarian, and archivist. He was also a lawyer practising civil law, and a member of the College of Civilians.
Edward James Willson was an English architect, antiquary, architectural writer, and mayor of Lincoln in 1851–2.
Owen Salusbury Brereton,, born Owen Brereton, was an English antiquary.
Mark Noble (1754–1827) was an English clergyman, biographer and antiquary.
Thomas Blore (1754–1818) was an English topographer.
Richard Hillary (1703–1789) was an English merchant and ship-owner in Liverpool.
John Collinson was an English cleric, antiquarian]and historian. He is best known for his three-volume history of Somerset which he published at the age of 34, two years before his death, and which earned him the title of "the Somerset historian".
John Doubleday was a British craftsperson, restorer, and dealer in antiquities who was employed by the British Museum for the last 20 years of his life. He undertook several duties for the museum, not least as a witness in criminal trials, but was primarily their specialist restorer, perhaps the first person to hold the position. He is best known for his 1845 restoration of the severely damaged Roman Portland Vase, an accomplishment that places him at the forefront of his profession at the time.
Frederick George Hilton Price was an English banker, antiquarian, archaeologist and geologist. He accumulated a large and diverse collection of antiquities, and he was an active member of many learned societies.
George Paton was a Scottish bibliographer and antiquarian.
References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1885). "Bartlett, Benjamin". Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 3. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
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