Benjamin Wynn Fortson Jr. | |
---|---|
21st Secretary of State of Georgia | |
In office 1946 –May 19, 1979 | |
Governor | Ellis Arnall Eugene Talmadge Melvin E. Thompson Herman Talmadge Marvin Griffin Ernest Vandiver Carl Sanders Lester Maddox Jimmy Carter George Busbee |
Preceded by | John Bryan Wilson |
Succeeded by | David Poythress |
Personal details | |
Born | Wilkes County,Georgia | December 19,1904
Died | May 19,1979 74) Atlanta,Georgia | (aged
Resting place | Resthaven Cemetery Washington,Georgia |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse | Mary Cade (d. 10/21/1966) |
Children | Ann McNeill Fortson Mandus (d. 06/21/2013) |
Alma mater | Emory University |
Benjamin Wynn Fortson Jr. (December 19,1904 –May 19,1979) was a Secretary of State of Georgia. After being selected by Ellis Arnall,the governor in 1946,Fortson kept his title as secretary until 1979,making him the longest-running secretary in Georgia history.
Benjamin Wynn Fortson Jr. was born in 1904 in Wilkes County,Georgia. [1] At 24,he was in a car accident that permanently paralyzed him from the waist down. Fortson served two terms in the Georgia House of Representatives. He was elected to the Georgia Senate in 1938 and served until he was appointed secretary of state by Governor Ellis Arnall in February 1946 to fill the unexpired term of John B. Wilson. Fortson was elected in the next election and every four years thereafter. [2]
He was serving his ninth term at the time of his death on May 19,1979,in Atlanta,Georgia. After funeral services in the rotunda of the state Capitol,he was buried in Wilkes County in Resthaven Cemetery. [2]
In 1946,Fortson was appointed secretary of state. While in office,he was assigned many different jobs that were not originally responsibilities of the office. Fortson was in charge of the preservation of the Capitol and looked after the Confederate cemeteries. [2] [3]
In 1965,Fortson had the Georgia Archives relocated to a building on Capitol Avenue because the archives were too big for its previous location. [2] "Fortson often said this was his proudest accomplishment". [2] The building was later renamed for him. Another accomplishment Fortson had while he was in office was the custom of giving information on Georgia history to teachers and allowing children to visit the Capitol. [2] At one point there was a report that he was going to move up in office until he said that "Secretary of state is a fascinating job,not like being governor," [2] revealing that he was running for another re-election. [2]
The three governors controversy took place from 1946 to 1947. Eugene Talmadge was elected to be the next governor of Georgia,but he fell ill and died before he was inaugurated. Because of this,the General Assembly decided to elect Herman Talmadge,the son of Eugene Talmadge,to be the new governor of Georgia. However,two other people claimed the position. Ellis Arnall,the governor who was about to leave office,decided to stay governor and refused to leave his office. The other man was Melvin Thompson,the just-elected lieutenant governor. [4] Fortson,who was secretary of state,was in charge of the state seal. Neither man could do official government actions without this seal,so Fortson hid the seal and refused to tell anyone where it was until the government issue was resolved. This caused the council to take action. [2] After the dispute ended,he revealed the location of the hidden seal. Fortson had put the seal under a cushion in his wheelchair and had been sitting on it during the dispute. Fortson later quoted that he was "sitting on it like a setting of duck eggs." [3] [5] The controversy ended with Melvin Thompson being declared the governor by the Georgia Supreme Court,which created a precedent in Georgia law.
The governor of Georgia is the head of government of Georgia and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces. The governor also has a duty to enforce state laws,the power to either veto or approve bills passed by the Georgia Legislature,and the power to convene the legislature. The current governor is Republican Brian Kemp,who assumed office on January 14,2019.
Herman Eugene Talmadge was an American politician who served as governor of Georgia in 1947 and from 1948 to 1955 and as a U.S. Senator from Georgia from 1957 to 1981. Talmadge,a Democrat,served during a time of political transition,both in Georgia and nationally. Talmadge began his career as a staunch segregationist and was known for his opposition to civil rights,ordering schools to be closed rather than desegregated. By the later stages of his career,however,Talmadge had modified his earlier views. His life eventually encapsulated the emergence of his native Georgia from entrenched white supremacy into a political culture where white voters regularly elect black Congressmen.
Eugene Talmadge was an attorney and American politician who served three terms as the 67th governor of Georgia,from 1933 to 1937,and then again from 1941 to 1943. Elected to a fourth term in November 1946,he died before his inauguration,scheduled for January 1947. Only Talmadge and Joe Brown,in the mid-19th century,have been elected four times as governor of Georgia.
Melvin Ernest Thompson was an American educator and politician from Millen in the U.S. state of Georgia. Generally known as M.E. Thompson during his political career,he served as the 70th Governor of Georgia from 1947 to 1948 and was elected as the first Lieutenant Governor of Georgia in 1946.
Ellis Gibbs Arnall was an American politician who served as the 69th Governor of Georgia from 1943 to 1947. A liberal Democrat,he helped lead efforts to abolish the poll tax and to reduce Georgia's voting age to 18. Following his departure from office,he became a highly successful attorney and businessman.
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The Georgia State Capitol is an architecturally and historically significant building in Atlanta,Georgia,United States. The building has been named a National Historic Landmark which is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. As the primary office building of Georgia's government,the capitol houses the offices of the governor,lieutenant governor,and secretary of state on the second floor,chambers in which the General Assembly,consisting of the Georgia State Senate and Georgia House of Representatives,meets annually from January to April. The fourth floor houses visitors' galleries overlooking the legislative chambers and a museum located near the rotunda in which a statue of Miss Freedom caps the dome.
The following table indicates the party of elected officials in the U.S. state of Georgia:
The 1966 Georgia gubernatorial election was held on November 8,1966. After an election that exposed divisions within the Georgia Democratic Party,segregationist Democrat Lester Maddox was elected Governor of Georgia. The voting also brought future President Jimmy Carter to statewide prominence for the first time. The election was very close;Republican candidate Bo Callaway won a plurality of the popular vote,but lost the contingent election in the Georgia General Assembly to Maddox.
The three governors controversy was a political crisis in the U.S. state of Georgia from 1946 to 1947. On December 21,1946,Eugene Talmadge,the governor-elect of Georgia,died before taking office. The state constitution did not specify who would assume the governorship in such a situation,so three men made claims to the governorship:Ellis Arnall,the outgoing governor;Melvin E. Thompson,the lieutenant governor-elect;and Herman Talmadge,Eugene Talmadge's son. Eventually a ruling by the Supreme Court of Georgia settled the matter in favor of Thompson. Georgia's Secretary of State Ben Fortson hid the state seal in his wheelchair so no official business could be conducted until the controversy was settled.
The 1948 Georgia gubernatorial special election took place on November 2,1948,in order to elect the Governor of Georgia.
James Harrison Gray Sr. was a Georgia politician and Democratic chairman. He was the founder of Gray Communications Systems,Inc.,the editor and publisher of The Albany Herald and the mayor of Albany,Georgia.
James Vinson Carmichael was member of the Georgia General Assembly,an attorney,business executive,and candidate for Governor of Georgia.
The 1946 Georgia gubernatorial election took place on November 5,1946,in order to elect the Governor of Georgia.
The 1942 Georgia gubernatorial election took place on November 3,1942,in order to elect the governor of Georgia. The governor was elected to a four-year term for the first time,instead of a two-year term.
The Eugene Talmadge statue is a public monument located on the grounds of the Georgia State Capitol in Atlanta,Georgia. Designed by Steffen Thomas,the statue was unveiled in 1949 and depicts Georgia Governor Eugene Talmadge. The statue has been the subject of recent controversy given Talmadge's white supremacist and racist views.
Roy Vincent Harris was an American politician and newspaper publisher in the U.S. state of Georgia during the mid-1900s. From the 1920s until the 1940s,Harris served several terms in both the Georgia House of Representatives and the Georgia State Senate,and he served as the speaker of the house from 1937 to 1940 and again from 1943 to 1946. Historian Harold Paulk Henderson has called Harris "one of Georgia's most capable behind-the-scenes politicians".