Berry, France

Berry
Berry
	Flag Coat of arms
Country	France
Seat	Bourges
Population (new estimate[ when? ])
• Total	1,235,666−3,445,644 population
Time zone	CET

Last updated August 16, 2021

Berry (French pronunciation: [beʁi] ( listen ); Occitan : Barric; Latin : Bituria) is a former province located in central France. It was a province of France until departments replaced the provinces on 4 March 1790, when Berry became divided between the départements of Cher (Upper Berry) and Indre (Lower Berry).

The Berry region now consists of the departments of Cher, Indre and parts of Creuse. The city of Bourges functioned as the capital of Berry. Berry is notable as the birthplace of several kings and other members of the French royal family, and was the birthplace of the knight Baldwin Chauderon, who fought in the First Crusade. In the Middle Ages, Berry became the center of the Duchy of Berry's holdings. It is also known for an illuminated manuscript produced in the 14th–15th century called Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry .

In later times, the writer George Sand spent much of her life at her Berry estate in Nohant, and Berry's landscape and specific culture figure in much of Sand's writings.

Etymology

The name of Berry, like that of its capital, Bourges, originated with the Gaulish tribe of the Bituriges,^[1] who settled in the area before the Roman armies of Julius Caesar conquered Gaul. The name of the tribe gave name to the region, often mentioned in Medieval Latin sources as: Bituria.

History

In 1778, Louis XVI convened the provincial assemblies of Berry, and considered expanding the assembly to other provinces, but abandoned this idea after experiencing the opposition of the privilege classes in Berry.^[2]

Brenne

La Brenne, located west of Châteauroux and east of Tournon-Saint-Martin in the Indre department, is a region which of old straddled on the former provinces of Berry and Touraine, and is now a protected natural area (Parc naturel régional de la Brenne) as well called Pays des mille étangs, because of its many ponds created since the 8th c. by the monks of the local abbeys for pisciculture.

Related Research Articles

Cher is a department in the administrative region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is named after the Cher River.

Bourges is a commune in central France on the river Yèvre. It is the capital of the department of Cher, and also was the capital city of the former province of Berry.

Guyenne or Guienne was an old French province which corresponded roughly to the Roman province of Aquitania Secunda and the archdiocese of Bordeaux.

Loir-et-Cher is a department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. Its name is originated from two rivers which cross it, the Loir in its northern part and the Cher in its southern part. Its prefecture is Blois. The INSEE and La Poste gave it the number 41.

Indre is a department in central France named after the river Indre. The inhabitants of the department are known as the Indriens and Indriennes. Indre is part of the current administrative region of Centre-Val de Loire and is surrounded by the departments of Indre-et-Loire, Loir-et-Cher, Cher, Creuse, Vienne, and Haute-Vienne. The préfecture (capital) is Châteauroux and there are three subpréfectures at Le Blanc, La Châtre and Issoudun.

The following is a list of the 287 communes of the Cher department of France.

The following is a list of the 241 communes of the Indre department of France.

Centre-Val de Loire or Centre Region, as it was known until 2015, is one of the eighteen administrative regions of France. It straddles the middle Loire Valley in the interior of the country, with a population of 2,572,853 as of 2018. Its prefecture is Orléans.

The Bituriges Cubi were a Gallic tribe dwelling in the later province of Berry during the Iron Age and the Roman period. They had a homonym tribe, the Bituriges Vivisci, in the Bordelais region, which could indicate a common origin, although there is no direct evidence of this.

Duke of Berry or Duchess of Berry was a title in the Peerage of France that was created several times for junior members of the French royal family. It was frequently granted to women, either members of the royal family or married into it. The last official holder was Charles Ferdinand of Artois, son of Charles X. It is currently held as a courtesy title by Prince Alphonse de Bourbon, son of the Legitimist Pretender to the French Throne Louis Alphonse de Bourbon. The Berry region is now the departments of Cher, Indre and Vienne.

The arrondissement of Tours is an arrondissement of France in the Indre-et-Loire department in the Centre-Val de Loire region. It has 54 communes. Its population is 384,117 (2016), and its area is 1,087.6 km² (419.9 sq mi).

Saint-Thibault-sur-Loire is a village of the Cher département, in central France. It is a former port on the Loire River in the former province of Berry. It is faubourg of the commune Saint-Satur.

Saint-Benoît-du-Sault Commune in Centre-Val de Loire, France

Saint-Benoît-du-Sault is a commune in the Indre department in central France.

The Parc natural régional de la Brenne is an 1,672 km² (646 sq mi) large Parc naturel régional located in the Indre département of France. It was founded December 22, 1982. Of old, La Brenne was a region in the old French provinces of Berry and Touraine, west of Châteauroux and east of Tournon-Saint-Martin. The park is cut in two by the Creuse River. Through the southern half flows the Anglin River. Historically, the southern part of the regional park is not really part of La Brenne. This part is called La petite Brenne. Historically, it was part of the Boischaut region.

The Canal de Berry is a disused canal in France which links the Canal latéral à la Loire at Marseilles-lès-Aubigny with the Cher at Noyers rejoining the Loire near Tours. With a branch from Montluçon it provided 261 kilometres (162 mi) of canal with locks 2.7 metres (8.9 ft) wide from 1840 until its closure in 1955. There is now a 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) operational segment with five locks between Selles-sur-Cher and Noyers-sur-Cher.

Concressault is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Grossouvre is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Marseilles-lès-Aubigny is a commune in the Cher department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France.

Eugène Corbin (1800–1874) was a French procureur général (prosecutor-general) and politician. During the French Second Republic (1848–1851) he helped suppress opposition to the government headed by Louis Napoleon. He was appointed Minister of Justice during the preparations for the coup of 2 December 1851, but did not accept the office and was replaced a few days later. He was first president of the Bourges court of appeal from 1852 until 1870.

References

↑ Compare: Miroglio, Abel; Miroglio, Yvonne-Delphée, eds. (1978). "Berrichons". L'Europe et ses Populations [Europe and its peoples] (in French). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff (published 2012). p. 157. ISBN 9789400997318 . Retrieved 31 December 2017. [...] en fait, Berry vient de Bituriges; ainsi se nommaient les ancêtres gaulois des Berrichons. Le premier nom de Bourges fut Bituricum.
↑ Peter Kropotkin (1909). "Chapter 5". The Great French Revolution, 1789-1793. Translated by N. F. Dryhurst. New York: Vanguard Printings. The weapon used by Louis XVI, in preference to all others was deceit. Only fear made him yield, and, using always the same weapons, deceit and hypocrisy, he resisted not only up to 1789, but even up to the last moment, to the very foot of tile scaffold. At any rate, in 1778, at a time when it was already evident to all minds of more or less perspicacity, as it was to Turgot and Necker, that the absolute power of the King had had its day, and that the hour had come for replacing it by some kind of national representation, Louis XVI could never be brought to make any but the feeblest concessions. He convened the provincial assemblies of the provinces of Berri and Haute-Guienne (1778 and 1779). But in face of the opposition shown by the privileged classes, the plan of extending these assemblies to the other provinces was abandoned, and Necker was dismissed in 1781.

Sources

Abbott, Paul D. (1981). Provinces, pays, and seigneuries of France. Myrtleford, Australia. ISBN 9780959377309.
Devailly, Guy (1973). Le Berry du Xe siècle au milieu du XIIIe: Étude politique, religieuse, sociale, et économique. Paris-La Haye: Mouton. ISBN 9783111631066.

External links

Media related to Berry (region) at Wikimedia Commons
Pictures
Accommodation
Flag of Berry (FOTW)
Columbia Encyclopedia article on Berry

Coordinates: 47°05′N2°23′E / 47.08°N 2.38°E / 47.08; 2.38

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[1] Compare: Miroglio, Abel; Miroglio, Yvonne-Delphée, eds. (1978). "Berrichons". L'Europe et ses Populations [Europe and its peoples] (in French). The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff (published 2012). p. 157. ISBN 9789400997318 . Retrieved 31 December 2017. [...] en fait, Berry vient de Bituriges; ainsi se nommaient les ancêtres gaulois des Berrichons. Le premier nom de Bourges fut Bituricum.

[2] Peter Kropotkin (1909). "Chapter 5". The Great French Revolution, 1789-1793. Translated by N. F. Dryhurst. New York: Vanguard Printings. The weapon used by Louis XVI, in preference to all others was deceit. Only fear made him yield, and, using always the same weapons, deceit and hypocrisy, he resisted not only up to 1789, but even up to the last moment, to the very foot of tile scaffold. At any rate, in 1778, at a time when it was already evident to all minds of more or less perspicacity, as it was to Turgot and Necker, that the absolute power of the King had had its day, and that the hour had come for replacing it by some kind of national representation, Louis XVI could never be brought to make any but the feeblest concessions. He convened the provincial assemblies of the provinces of Berri and Haute-Guienne (1778 and 1779). But in face of the opposition shown by the privileged classes, the plan of extending these assemblies to the other provinces was abandoned, and Necker was dismissed in 1781.

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