Bertram Ashburnham, 4th Earl of Ashburnham | |
|---|---|
| Earl of Ashburnham | |
| Tenure | 1830–1878 |
| Predecessor | George Ashburnham, 3rd Earl of Ashburnham |
| Successor | Bertram Ashburnham, 5th Earl of Ashburnham |
| Other titles | Viscount St. Asaph Baron Ashburnham |
| Born | 23 November 1797 |
| Died | 22 June 1878 (aged 80) |
| Nationality | English |
| Residence | Ashburnham Place |
| Locality | Sussex |
| Spouse(s) | Katherine Charlotte Baillie |
| Issue | Bertram Ashburnham, 5th Earl of Ashburnham Thomas Ashburnham, 6th Earl of Ashburnham four other sons and three daughters |
Bertram Ashburnham, 4th Earl of Ashburnham (23 November 1797 – 22 June 1878) was a British peer. He was the fourth son of George Ashburnham, 3rd Earl of Ashburnham. As the eldest son still living when his father died in 1830, he succeeded as Earl of Ashburnham, Viscount St. Asaph and Baron of Ashburnham. [1]
He married Katherine Charlotte Baillie, daughter of George Baillie and Mary Pringle, on 8 January 1840 in Earlston, Berwick, Scotland. [2] They had four daughters and seven sons, including: [3]
The 4th Earl of Ashburnham was a bibliophile who amassed an important collection of printed books and manuscripts and was known as "one of the great collectors of the nineteenth century". [4] : 131 His incunabula included two copies of the Gutenberg Bible and approximately thirty volumes that had been printed by William Caxton. Ashburnham's heir, the 5th Earl, sold off the book collection in a series of auctions in 1897 and 1898, realising a total of £62,712 for the 4075 lots sold. [4] : 132
Most of Ashburnham's manuscripts were acquired through three large purchases in the 1840s. In 1847 he bought 1923 manuscripts from Count Guglielmo Libri. Libri was a collector and dealer who had stolen a large number of items from French public libraries while he was employed to create a union catalogue of manuscripts in the library collections. [5] In 1845 Libri offered to sell his collection of manuscripts to the British Museum. Frederic Madden, head of the Museum's manuscript department, recommended the purchase but the Treasury would not grant the necessary funds. Libri then offered the collection to Lord Ashburnham, who purchased it in March 1847 for £8,000. Notable among the manuscripts was a 7th-century illuminated manuscript of the Pentateuch which Libri had stolen from the library at Tours, where it was known as the Tours Pentateuch. Since its acquisition by Lord Ashburnham it has been called the Ashburnham Pentateuch. The collection also included manuscripts of Dante and Napoleon's correspondence . In 1850 Libri, who had fled to England, was convicted in absentia of theft by a French court. The French government asked Ashburnham to return the Libri manuscripts, offering to reimburse the amount he had paid, but he refused on the grounds that he believed Libri was innocent and had not received a fair trial. [5]
In May 1849 Ashburnham purchased a collection of 702 manuscripts from the French collector Joseph Barrois for £6000. A visit by Paul Meyer of the Bibliothèque nationale de France to the library at Ashburnham Place in 1865 led to the discovery that 64 of the Barrois manuscripts consisted of 33 items that had been stolen from the Bibliothèque nationale, divided and rebound. [6]
Ashburnham was not accused or suspected of knowingly purchasing stolen goods. [7] He eventually conceded, based on evidence put forward by Paul Meyer and Léopold Delisle of the Bibliothèque nationale, that some of the Libri and Barrois manuscripts had been stolen but he declined to return them to their rightful owners. [5]
In 1849 Ashburnham purchased a collection of 996 manuscripts from the library of Stowe House. He paid £8,000 for the collection, which had been catalogued in preparation for sale by public auction after the bankruptcy of the 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos. [4] The remaining manuscripts in Ashburnham's collection were acquired individually and were identified as the "Appendix" collection.
After the 4th Earl's death in 1878, the 5th Earl sold off the manuscript collections over the course of more than twenty years, ending in 1901 with the sale of the last of the Barrois collection. [8]
The Bibliothèque nationale de France is the national library of France, located in Paris on two main sites known respectively as Richelieu and François-Mitterrand. It is the national repository of all that is published in France. Some of its extensive collections, including books and manuscripts but also precious objects and artworks, are on display at the BnF Museum on the Richelieu site.
The Ashburnham Pentateuch is a late 6th- or early 7th-century Latin illuminated manuscript of the Pentateuch. Although it originally contained all five books of the Pentateuch, it is now missing the whole of Deuteronomy as well as sections of the other five books.
Earl of Ashburnham, of Ashburnham in the County of Sussex, was a title in the Peerage of Great Britain created in 1730 for John Ashburnham, 3rd Baron Ashburnham, who was also created Viscount St Asaph, in Wales.
Léopold Victor Delisle was a French bibliophile and historian.
George Ashburnham, 3rd Earl of Ashburnham, KG, GCH, FSA was a British peer.
Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja was an Italian count and mathematician, who became known for his love and subsequent theft of ancient and precious manuscripts. After being appointed the Inspector of Libraries in France, Libri began stealing the books he was responsible for. He fled to England when the theft was discovered, along with 30,000 books and manuscripts inside 18 trunks. In France, he was sentenced to 10 years in jail in absentia; some of the stolen works were returned when he died, but many remained missing.
Marc Antoine René de Voyer, Marquis de Paulmy and Marquis d'Argenson (1757), was a French ambassador to Switzerland, Poland, Venice and to the Holy See, and later became the Minister of War. He was also a noted bibliophile and collector of art.
Pierre Dupuy, otherwise known as Puteanus, was a French scholar, the son of the humanist and bibliophile Claude Dupuy.
The Stowe Psalter is a psalter from the "2nd or 3rd quarter of the 11th century", at the end of Anglo-Saxon art. The text includes the Gallican version of the Psalms, followed by the Canticles with an interlinear Old English gloss.
Ashburnham Place is an English country house, now used as a Christian conference and prayer centre, five miles west of Battle, East Sussex. It was one of the finest houses in the southeast of England in its heyday, but much of the structure was demolished in 1959, and only a drastically reduced part of the building now remains standing.
George Guy Greville, 4th Earl of Warwick, 4th Earl Brooke, styled Lord Brooke from 1818 to 1853, was an English Tory politician, bibliophile and collector.
Henri Auguste Omont was a French librarian, philologist, and historian.
The Stowe manuscripts are a collection of about two thousand Irish, Anglo-Saxon and later medieval manuscripts, nearly all now in the British Library. The manuscripts date from 1154 to the end of the 14th century.

The Bruges Garter Book is a 15th-century Anglo-Norman illuminated manuscript containing portraits of the founder knights of the Order of the Garter. It was created sometime between about 1430 to 1440, probably in London, to the order of William Bruges, Garter King of Arms, and constitutes the first armorial covering members of the Order. It has been held since 1883 by the British Library in London under catalogue reference Stowe MS 594, indicating its former existence within the Library of the Dukes of Buckingham at Stowe House.
Jean Hurault de Boistaillé (1517–1572) was a French nobleman and government official. In 1558 he was an emissary of the king Henry II, then ambassador of France in Constantinople and Venice (1562–1564). He played an important role in getting military support from the Ottoman Empire in the Italian War of 1551–1559. He was a bibliophile and collector of manuscripts and incunabula. He died in England in 1572 during his diplomatic mission.
Paul Raymond, born Paul-Raymond Lechien, was a French archivist and historian born on 8 September 1833 in Belleville (Seine) and died on 27 September 1878.
Thomas Ashburnham, 6th Earl of Ashburnham was a British Army officer and peer, the last Earl of Ashburnham.
Bertram Ashburnham, 5th Earl of Ashburnham was a British peer. He was the English agent for the Spanish Carlist cause, and a supporter of Irish Home Rule. He sold off the Ashburnham collection of manuscripts which the 4th Earl had collected.
Le Roman du Comte d'Artois is a Middle French chivalric romance, composed between 1453 and 1467.
Charlotte Ashburnham, Countess of Ashburnham, formerly Lady Charlotte Percy, was the second wife of George Ashburnham, 3rd Earl of Ashburnham, and the mother of the fourth earl.