Philippe Pinel was a French physician, precursor of psychiatry and incidentally a zoologist. He was instrumental in the development of a more humane psychological approach to the custody and care of psychiatric patients, referred to today as moral therapy. He worked for the abolition of the shackling of mental patients by chains and, more generally, for the humanisation of their treatment. He also made notable contributions to the classification of mental disorders and has been described by some as "the father of modern psychiatry".
Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital is a Charitable hospital in the 13th arrondissement of Paris. It is part of the Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris and a teaching hospital of Sorbonne University.
Charenton was a lunatic asylum founded in 1645 by the Frères de la Charité in Charenton-Saint-Maurice, now Saint-Maurice, Val-de-Marne, France.
Villejuif is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located 7 km (4.3 mi) from the centre of Paris.
Le Kremlin-Bicêtre is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is 4.5 km (2.8 mi) from the center of Paris. It is one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe.
Moral treatment was an approach to mental disorder based on humane psychosocial care or moral discipline that emerged in the 18th century and came to the fore for much of the 19th century, deriving partly from psychiatry or psychology and partly from religious or moral concerns. The movement is particularly associated with reform and development of the asylum system in Western Europe at that time. It fell into decline as a distinct method by the 20th century, however, due to overcrowding and misuse of asylums and the predominance of biomedical methods. The movement is widely seen as influencing certain areas of psychiatric practice up to the present day. The approach has been praised for freeing sufferers from shackles and barbaric physical treatments, instead considering such things as emotions and social interactions, but has also been criticised for blaming or oppressing individuals according to the standards of a particular social class or religion.
Le Kremlin–Bicêtre is a station of the Paris Métro, serving the Villejuif branch of Line 7.
Jean-Étienne Dominique Esquirol was a French psychiatrist.
Jean-Pierre Falret was a French psychiatrist. He was born and died in Marcilhac-sur-Célé.
Jean-Baptiste Pussin (1746–1811) was a French hospital superintendent who, along with his wife and colleague Marguerite, established more humane treatment of patients with mental disorders in 19th-century France. They helped physician Philippe Pinel appreciate and implement their approach which, together with similar initiatives in other countries, became known as moral treatment.
Guillaume-Marie-André Ferrus was a French psychiatrist born in Château-Queyras, near Briançon, Hautes-Alpes.
The Necker–Enfants Malades Hospital is a French teaching hospital in the 15th arrondissement of Paris. It is a hospital of the Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris group and is affiliated to the Université Paris Cité. Necker–Enfants Malades Hospital was created in 1920 by the merger of Necker Hospital, which was founded in 1778 by Suzanne Necker, with the physically contiguous Sick Children's Hospital, the oldest children's hospital in the Western world, founded in 1801.
Stairway to Light is a 1945 American short drama film directed by Sammy Lee. It was one of John Nesbitt's Passing Parade series. Set in Paris during the French Revolution, it tells the story of Philippe Pinel and his efforts in pointing out that the mentally ill should not be treated as animals. In 1946, it won an Oscar for Best Short Subject (One-Reel) at the 18th Academy Awards.
The lunatic asylum or insane asylum was an early precursor of the modern psychiatric hospital.
Cour des miracles was a French term which referred to slum districts of Paris, France where the unemployed migrants from rural areas resided. They held "the usual refuge of all those wretches who came to conceal in this corner of Paris, somber, dirty, muddy, and tortuous, their pretended infirmities and their criminal pollution." The areas grew largely during the reign of Louis XIV (1643–1715) and in Paris were found around the Filles-Dieu convent, Temple Street (Paris), the Cour de la Jussienne ), Reuilly Street, Rue St. Jean and Tournelles Street, Échelle Street and between the Cairo Street and Réaumur Street. The latter served as inspiration for Victor Hugo's Les Misérables and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame.
The Fort de Bicêtre is a military structure built between 1841 and 1845 during the reign of Louis-Philippe during a time of tension between France and England, in the Paris suburb of Kremlin-Bicêtre. The fort is part of the Thiers Wall fortifications of Paris, built under a program of defensive works initiated by Adolphe Thiers. The fort served as a prison for those involved in the French coup of 1851.
The General Hospital of Paris was an Ancien Régime institution intended as a place of confinement of the poor. Formed by a royal edict during the reign of Louis XIV, it aimed to address the recurring problem of begging and the Cour des miracles, as well as to house invalids. The General Hospital's authority stretched beyond its premises to include all the poor in Paris.
The Sainte-Anne Hospital Center is a hospital located in the 14th arrondissement of Paris, specializing in psychiatry, neurology, neurosurgery, neuroimaging and addiction. With its creation dating to 1651, the organization remains, along with the Esquirol Hospital in Saint-Maurice, the symbol of psychiatric asylums in France.
Hôpital Bicêtre is a future station on line 14 of the Paris Métro. It is located in the commune of Kremlin-Bicêtre in the department of Val-de-Marne, near the commune of Gentilly. It is 800 metres away from Bicêtre Hospital. It is currently slated to open by summer 2024, in time for the Paris Olympics as part of the southern extension of line 14 from Maison Blanche to Aéroport d'Orly.
