| Birkeniiformes | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Reconstruction of the anaspid agnathan Pterygolepis nitida, of Late Silurian Europe | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | † Anaspida |
| Order: | † Birkeniiformes Berg, 1940 |
| Families | |
| Synonyms | |
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Birkeniiformes (Birkeniida or Birkeniids) is an extinct order of jawless fish belonging to the class Anaspida.
A newer taxonomy based on the work of Mikko's Phylogeny Archive, [1] Nelson, Grande and Wilson 2016 [2] and van der Laan 2018. [3] [4]
Acipenseriformes is an order of basal ray-finned fishes that includes the sturgeons and paddlefishes, as well as some extinct families.
The Amiiformes order of fish has only one extant species, the bowfin. These Amiiformes are found in the freshwater systems throughout North America and parts of southern Canada. They live in freshwater streams, rivers, and swamps. These bowfin fish are not on the endangered list. They have the ability to go to the surface to breathe if the water level is too low. The extinct species of the Amiiformes can be found fossilized in Asia and Europe, but the bowfin is the last living species in the order.
Semionotiformes is an order of primitive, ray-finned, primarily freshwater fish from the Triassic to the Cretaceous. The best-known genus is Semionotus of Europe and North America.
Arandaspida is a taxon of very early, jawless prehistoric fish which lived during the Ordovician period. Arandaspids represent the oldest known craniates, a proposed group of chordates that contain all chordates with a cartilage-derived skull, and hagfish. The group represents a subclass within the class Pteraspidomorphi, and contains only one order, the Arandaspidiformes. The oldest known genus of this group is Sacabambaspis found in South America.
Thelodonti is a class of extinct jawless fishes with distinctive scales instead of large plates of armor.
Anaspida is an extinct group of primitive jawless vertebrates that lived primarily during the Silurian period, and became extinct soon after the start of the Devonian. They were classically regarded as the ancestors of lampreys. Anaspids were small marine agnathans that lacked a heavy bony shield and paired fins, but have a striking highly hypocercal tail. They first appeared in the early Silurian, and flourished until the early Devonian, when they disappear from the fossil record.
Eriptychiida is an extinct marine taxon of vertebrate in the group Pteraspidomorphi.
Hyperoartia or Petromyzontida is a disputed group of vertebrates that includes the modern lampreys and their fossil relatives. Examples of hyperoartians from early in their fossil record are Endeiolepis and Euphanerops, fish-like animals with hypocercal tails that lived during the Late Devonian Period. Some paleontologists still place these forms among the "ostracoderms" of the class Anaspida, but this is increasingly considered an artificial arrangement based on ancestral traits.
The superorder Elopomorpha contains a variety of types of fishes that range from typical silvery-colored species, such as the tarpons and ladyfishes of the Elopiformes and the bonefishes of the Albuliformes, to the long and slender, smooth-bodied eels of the Anguilliformes. The one characteristic uniting this group of fishes is they all have leptocephalus larvae, which are unique to the Elopomorpha. No other fishes have this type of larvae.
Albulidae is a family of fish, commonly known as the bonefishes, that are popular as game fish in Florida, select locations in the South Pacific and the Bahamas and elsewhere. The family is small, with 11 species in 3 genera. Presently, the bonefishes are in their own order: Albuliformes. The families Halosauridae and Notacanthidae were previously classified in this order, but are now, according to FishBase, given their own order Notacanthiformes. The largest bonefish caught in the Western Hemisphere is a 16-pound, 3 ounce example caught off Islamorada, Florida, on March 19, 2007.
The Palaeonisciformes are an extinct order of early ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) which began in the Late Silurian and ended in the Late Cretaceous. The name of the order is derived from the Greek words paleo (ancient) and ὀνίσκος, probably pertaining to the organization of the fishes' scales, similar to the exoskeletal plating of woodlice.
Aspidorhynchiformes is an extinct order of prehistoric ray-finned fish that was described by Bleeker in 1859.
Pachycormiformes are an extinct order of marine ray-finned fish known from Mesozoic deposits from Eurasia, the Americas and Antarctica. They were characterized by having serrated pectoral fins, reduced pelvic fins and a bony rostrum. Their exact relations with other fish are unclear, but they are generally though to be more closely related to teleosts than to Amiiformes. Pachycormiformes are morphologically diverse, containing both tuna-like carnivorous and edentulous suspension-feeding forms, the latter including the largest ray finned fish known to have existed, Leedsichthys.
Ptycholepiformes were an order of extinct prehistoric ray-finned fish that existed during the Triassic period and the Early Jurassic epoch. The order includes the genera Acrorhabdus, Ardoreosomus, Boreosomus, Chungkingichthys, Ptycholepis, and Yuchoulepis. Although several families have been proposed, some studies place all these genera in the same family, Ptycholepididae.
Tarasiiformes is an extinct order of prehistoric ray-finned fish.
Peltopleuriformes were an extinct order of prehistoric bony fish.
Pattersonellidae is an extinct family of primitive ray-finned fish. It is tentatively classified under the suborder Argentinoidei of the order Argentiniformes.
Thoracopteridae is an extinct family of prehistoric bony fish; classified with the order Peltopleuriformes. This lineage of Triassic flying fish-like Perleidiformes converted their pectoral and pelvic fins into broad wings very similar to those of their modern counterparts.
The Otocephala is a clade of bony fishes within the Teleostei that evolved some 230 million years ago. It is named for the presence of a hearing (otophysic) link from the swimbladder to the inner ear. Other names proposed for the group include Ostarioclupeomorpha and Otomorpha.
Anaspidomorphi (anaspidomorphs) is an extinct superclass of jawless fish.
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