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Bishnupur The City of Temples | |
---|---|
City | |
Bishnupur montage | |
Coordinates: 23°04′30″N87°19′01″E / 23.075°N 87.317°E | |
Government | |
• Type | Municipality |
• Body | Bishnupur Municipality |
Area | |
• Total | 22 km2 (8 sq mi) |
Elevation | 59 m (194 ft) |
Population (2011) [1] | |
• Total | 75,000 |
• Density | 3,400/km2 (8,800/sq mi) |
Languages | |
• Official | Bengali, English |
Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
PIN | 722122 |
ISO 3166 code | IN-WB |
Vehicle registration | WB-88 |
Lok Sabha constituency | Bishnupur |
Vidhan Sabha constituency | Bishnupur |
Website | bankura.org/bishnupur |
Bishnupur is a city and a municipality and now it is District in the state of West Bengal, India. It is known for its terracotta temples built by the Malla rulers, historic Radha Krishna temples built during 1600–1800 CE and the Baluchari sarees.
Bishnupur was ruled under the Gupta period by local Hindu kings who paid tribute to Samudra Gupta. [2] [3] Following a long period of obscurity, where the land oscillated between being a minor independent principality and a vassal state. The land is also called Mallabhum after the Malla rulers of this place. The Malla rulers were Vaishnavites and built the famous terracotta temples during the 17th and 18th centuries at this place. The legends of Bipodtarini Devi are associated with the Malla Kings of Bishnupur. [4]
For almost a thousand years it was the capital of the Malla kings of Mallabhum, of which Bankura was a part, till their power waned during the times when the Mughal Empire weakened under the last monarchs of the dynasty.
The patronage of Malla king Veer Hambir and his successors Raja Raghunath Singha Dev and Bir Singha Dev made Bishnupur one of the principal centres of culture in Bengal. Most of the terracotta temples, for which the town is known, were built during this period.
Mrinmoyee temple of kings is treated as a valuable historic place.
Royal patronage also gave rise to Bishnupur Gharana (school) of Hindustani classical music in late 18th-century [5] and the Bishnupur school of painting.
Since 1997, the temples of Bishnupur is on the UNESCO World Heritage Site's Tentative list.[ citation needed ]
Bishnupur is located at 23°05′N87°19′E / 23.08°N 87.32°E . [6] It has an average elevation of 59 metres (194 feet).
This area has fertile, low -lying alluvial plains. [7] It is a predominantly rural area with 90.06% of the population living in rural areas and only 8.94% living in the urban areas. [8] It was a part of the core area of Mallabhum. [9]
As of 2001 [update] India census, [10] Bishnupur had a population of 61,943. Males constitute 50% of the population and females 50%. Bishnupur has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 77% and female literacy of 61%. 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.[ citation needed ]
The headquarters of Bishnupur CD block are located at Bishnupur. [11]
Bishnupur police station has jurisdiction over Bishnupur municipality and Bishnupur CD Block. The area covered is 365.73 km2 with a population of 138,786. [12] [13]
Bishnupur is a region where Bengali has gained importance. Bengali is the primary dialect and main language of this region. More than 90% of the people of Bishnupur are Bengali.[ citation needed ]
There are a number of well-known schools and colleges in Bishnupur. For higher education, there is a college named Ramananda College under Bankura University. There is also a music college named Ramsharan College of Music.[ citation needed ] The names of the schools are:
K.G. Engineering Institute(KGEI) is a government polytechnic college; there are also Mallabhum Institute of Technology(MIT) is a private b.tech college affiliated to MAKAUT University and two private polytechnic colleges named Mallabhum Institute of Polytechnic (MIP).[ citation needed ]
Bishnupur has a 250-bedded District hospital and One Superspeciality Hospital with ICU Dep. at Rasikganja . [14]
Bishnupur is reasonably well connected via roads. Due to its importance as a tourism destination, it is connected to almost all major places of Bengal. Long-distance buses connect Bishnupur to places like Tarakeswar, Durgapur, Asansol, Kolkata, Medinipur etc. There are regular and frequent bus services available between Bishnupur and Kolkata, Tarakeswar, Bardhaman, Khatra, and Medinipur. The Kolkata-bound buses usually leave Kolkata from the Esplanade bus stand. The journey takes about 4 hours and 45 minutes.[ citation needed ]
Bishnupur is well-connected by rail to the rest of the country via Kharagpur and Adra. Express and mail trains ply between Kolkata and Bishnupur on a regular basis. The Rupashi Bangla Express, Aranyak Express and the Purulia Express are the most convenient trains to reach Bishnupur from Kolkata; these trains come via Kharagpur (Midnapur) and take approx 3:30 to 4:15 hours to reach Bishnupur from Kolkata.[ citation needed ]
Within the city of Bishnupur, private auto-rickshaws and cycle rickshaws are the most convenient modes of communication. Recently CNG autos have been introduced plying through various parts of the town. These vehicles are environment-friendly, non-polluting, convenient, less time-consuming, and cheap modes of travel.[ citation needed ]
Nearest International Airport is at Dumdum, Kolkata (Netaji Subhash International Airport) which is 140 km away; a smaller private airstrip at Panagarh belonging to the Indian Air Force is rarely used. A new airport in Andal (Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport), has come up (90 km from Bishnupur).[ citation needed ] Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport is situated at a distance of 15km from the city center of Durgapur.
Bishnupur is now a junction, it connects Tarakeswar (E.Railway) via Arambag.[ citation needed ]
This section needs additional citations for verification .(August 2020) |
The Bishnupur Mela is held every year around the last week of December, in Raj Darbar. Later on Bishnupur High School Ground and from Now it is held at Nandalal Temple Premises.[ citation needed ]
In 2018, the test of the Bishnupur Mela is totally changed. A big thanks to the administration for such an innovative idea to keep Bishnupur Terracotta Temples at the backdrop of the main stage. The Bishnupur Mela was inaugurated with the Gharana Music sung by some renowned persons from Bishnupur Gharana. In this year 2018, a fashion show with Baluchari Saree is introduced to promote Baluchari Saree at an international platform. Besides artisans got a huge income by selling crafts from the stalls of Mela. A recent addition is Bishnupur Utsab, held after the Mela. It is a classical music and dance festival in recognition of the 'Bishnupur Gharana' in music. [15] It was stopped after 2012 but It started again on and from 2/2/2018 at Rashmancha.[ citation needed ]
There are many such temples that stand testimony to the exquisite craftsmanship of the artisans of the region. The temples were crafted from the local laterite and brick. The temples are covered with terracotta tiles depicting scenes from the epic Mahabharata. The temples are located in Bishnupur and across many other small villages in the Bankura district.
A school of music, called the Bishnupur Gharana, was established here in 1370 A.D and flourished under the patronage of the Malla kings. The school hit its peak in the 16th and 17th centuries. This style of music is rooted in the Dhrupad style and is still being kept alive in local academies of music. Pakhwaj, Sitar, Esraj comprise the main instruments. Bengali Ragpradhan is one of the Classical items of this gharana.
Terracotta is characteristic of Bishnupur. Apart from the temples, terracotta pottery, artefacts and even jewelry made in this very traditional material are famous. The most famous of the terracotta products are the handmade jars, and disks and the more famous of them are the terracotta horses, elephants, Ganesha, and Nataraj. But nowadays skilled artists and potters are not present and also they make different products like faces, men, wall hangings and also the mini-sized Dal Madal Kaman (cannon). The potters here derive their inspiration from the glorious history of kings, soldiers, and wars.'Dokra', one kind of metalcraft is also famous. Bishnupur is also famous for Baluchari Sari [17] and Mallabhum Sari made of Tassar silk and was for almost a thousand years the capital of the Malla kings of Mallabhum. [18] [19] Woven on Jacquard punch-card looms, these sarees have episodes from the Mahabharata woven into the border and pallu. Bellmetalware, conch shell and terracotta jewelry are also available here. The "Dashavatar Taas", kind of playing cards depicting ten avatars of the Hindu god Vishnu, is drawn by hand. It is a rare art piece not to be found anywhere else in India.
Bankura horses are terracotta horses that were once used for religious purposes [2] but are used as decorative item. This art originated in the Bankura district. [20] These horses are known for their symmetrical shape and rounded curves. The Bankura or Panchmura horse gained popularity among art lovers since it was depicted in paintings by M. F. Hussein. [21]
There is a snake festival in August, Ultorath and the Bishnupur fair in December. Also, durga puja and kali puja or diwali is celebrated with pomp here. The Rajbari Durga Puja (also popular as Mrinmoyee Maa er pujo) was started on 994 AD, which makes it the oldest Durga Puja in the entire Bengal region including today's Bangladesh, Odisha and Tripura. [3]
During the period 1990–2010, the 175-year-old Bishnupur Municipality [22] was controlled by INC. From 2010 it is controlled by TMC. Present Municipality chairman is the longest serving chairman of Bishnupur Municipality.
Bankura district is an administrative unit in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is part of Medinipur division—one of the five administrative divisions of West Bengal. Bankura district is surrounded by Purba Bardhaman district and Paschim Bardhaman district in the north, Purulia district in the west, Jhargram district and Paschim Medinipur district in the south, and some part of Hooghly district in the east. Damodar River flows in the northern part of Bankura district and separates it with the major part of Burdwan district. The district head quarter is located in Bankura town.
Bankura is a city and a municipality in the state of West Bengal, India. It is the headquarters of the Bankura district.Bankura was described as Suhmobhumi. The word larh or rarh was introduced after 6th century A.D. It comes from the old Austric word ráŕhá or ráŕho which means “land of red soil”. 2-n ancient times "China called Ráŕh by the name of 'Láti'". 3-n Santali, lar means thread, rarh means tune and larh means snake. 4-.Perhaps the Jain and Greek scholars used this original Austric word larh to indicate this dry forest region which was very difficult. The popularity of Manasa Puja, the worship of Snake-Goddess Manasa, shows this opinion might have some relevance. According to Nilkantha, a commentator of the Mahabharata, the words suhmo [bhumi] and Rarh are synonymous.
Sonamukhi is a town and a municipality in the Bishnupur subdivision of the Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is famous for its Silk Saari and also Kali and Karthik puja.
Tarakeswar is a famous sacred city and a municipality in Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Tarakeswar is called "Baba Dham" or "The city of Shiva". It is one of the major tourist and holy place of West Bengal as well as India. Tarakeswar is a place of pilgrimage of Lord Shiva sect in West Bengal 58 kilometres (36 mi) away from State Capital Kolkata and about 1,520 kilometres away from National Capital New Delhi. Tarakeswar can be reached conveniently by train and bus from various places of West Bengal. Tarakeswar Station is well connected by Howrah Station. This city is also famous for agriculture, Tarakeswar's potato is also famous in all over India.
The Bishnupur gharana is a form of singing that follows the dhrupad tradition of Hindustani music, one of the two forms of Indian classical music.
History of Bankura district refers to the history of the present Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Mallabhum was the kingdom ruled by the Malla kings of Bishnupur, primarily in the present Bankura district in Indian state of West Bengal.
Culture of Bankura district refers to the culture of Bankura district in the Indian state of West Bengal.
Hambir Malla Dev was the forty-ninth king of Mallabhum. He ruled from 1565 to 1620 AD.
Indas is a village, with a police station, in the Indas CD block in the Bishnupur subdivision of the Bankura district in the state of West Bengal, India.
The Rasmancha is a historical temple located at Bishnupur, Bankura district, West Bengal, India. It was commissioned by Mallabhum king Hambir Malla Dev in 1600 CE. Length and breadth of this temple is 24.5 meter and the height is 12.5 meter. The base of the temple is made of laterite stone and upper part is made with bricks.
Baluchari Sari is a type of sari, a garment worn by women in the Indian states of West Bengal, Tripura and Assam and the country of Bangladesh. This particular type of sari originated in West Bengal and is known for depictions of mythological scenes on the anchal of the sari. It used to be produced in Murshidabad but presently Bishnupur and its surrounding areas of West Bengal are the only place where authentic Baluchari saris are produced. It takes approximately one week to produce one such sari. In 2011, the Baluchari Sari was granted the status of Geographical Indication for West Bengal in India.
Raghunath Malla Dev, also known as Raghunath Singha Dev, was the fifty-first king of the Mallabhum. He ruled from 1626 to 1656 CE.
Patrasayer is a village in the Patrasayer CD block in the Bishnupur subdivision of the Bankura district in the state of West Bengal, India.
The Indian state, West Bengal has a rich cultural heritage. Due to the reign of many different rulers in the past, arts and crafts in West Bengal underwent many changes giving an artistic diversity today in the forms of traditional handicrafts, terracotta, painting and carving, dances and music.
Gokulnagar is a village in the Joypur CD block in the Bishnupur subdivision of the Bankura district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Hadal Narayanpur are two adjacent villages considered as one in the Patrasayer CD block in the Bishnupur subdivision of the Bankura district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Laugram is a village and a gram panchayat in the Kotulpur CD block in the Bishnupur subdivision of the Bankura district in the state of West Bengal, India.
Maynapur is a village and a gram panchayat in the Joypur CD block in the Bishnupur subdivision of the Bankura district in the state of West Bengal, India.