Bolesław Januszowic

Last updated March 15, 2019

Bolesław Januszowic (Polish : Bolesław Januszowic; 1385/86 – ca. 4 May 1424^[1]), was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast.

Polish is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group. It is spoken primarily in Poland and serves as the native language of the Poles. In addition to being an official language of Poland, it is also used by Polish minorities in other countries. There are over 50 million Polish language speakers around the world and it is one of the official languages of the European Union.

Janusz I of Warsaw, also known as Janusz I the Old, was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast in the Masovian branch, from 1373/74 Duke of Warsaw and after the division of the paternal inheritance between him and his brother in 1381, ruler over Nur, Łomża, Liw, Ciechanów, Wyszogród and Zakroczym. In addition, he was a vassal of the Polish Kingdom since 1391 for the fief of Podlachia.

Danutė of Lithuania, was a Lithuanian princess of the Gediminid dynasty and by marriage Duchess of Warsaw.

Kęstutis was a ruler of medieval Lithuania. He was the Duke of Trakai and governed the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 1342–1382, together with his brother Algirdas, and with his nephew Jogaila. He ruled over the Lithuanians and Ruthenians.

Life

From an early age he was prepared to take over the government in Masovia, alongside his older brother Janusz the Younger. In 1409 he was sent by his father at the head of a retaliatory expedition against the Teutonic Order, culminating with the conquest and burning of Działdowo and 14 surrounding villages.^[1] Two years later (1411), as an envoy of the Dukes of Masovia he participated in the act of signing of the Peace of Thorn.

Janusz the Younger, was a Polish prince member of the House of Piast.

The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem, commonly the Teutonic Order, is a Catholic religious order founded as a military order c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem.

Działdowo Place in Warmian-Masurian, Poland

Działdowopronounced [d͡ʑau̯ˈdɔvɔ] is a town in north-central Poland with 24,830 inhabitants (2006), the capital of Działdowo County. Situated in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Działdowo belonged previously to Ciechanów Voivodeship (1975–1998). The town is a major railroad junction connecting the capital city of Warsaw with Gdańsk and Olsztyn to the north.

In 1412 Bolesław was in Kraków, at the court of King Władysław II Jagiełło, and he, among others princes, traveled with the King to the frontier city of Stará Ľubovňa to a meeting with the German King Sigismund of Luxembourg.

Jogaila, later Władysław II Jagiełło was the Grand Duke of Lithuania (1377–1434) and then the King of Poland (1386–1434), first alongside his wife Jadwiga until 1399, and then sole King of Poland. He ruled in Lithuania from 1377. Born a pagan, in 1386 he converted to Catholicism and was baptized as Władysław in Kraków, married the young Queen Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło. In 1387 he converted Lithuania to Christianity. His own reign in Poland started in 1399, upon the death of Queen Jadwiga, and lasted a further thirty-five years and laid the foundation for the centuries-long Polish–Lithuanian union. He was a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland that bears his name and was previously also known as the Gediminid dynasty in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The dynasty ruled both states until 1572, and became one of the most influential dynasties in late medieval and early modern Central and Eastern Europe. During his reign, the Polish-Lithuanian state was the largest state in the Christian world.

Stará Ľubovňa is a town with approximately 16,000 inhabitants in northeastern Slovakia. The town consists of the districts Podsadek and Stará Ľubovňa.

Sigismund of Luxembourg was Prince-elector of Brandenburg from 1378 until 1388 and from 1411 until 1415, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1387, King of Germany from 1411, King of Bohemia from 1419, King of Italy from 1431, and Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 until 1437, and the last male member of the House of Luxembourg. In 1396 he led the disastrous Crusade of Nicopolis, which attempted to liberate Bulgaria from Ottoman rule. Afterwards, he founded the Order of the Dragon to fight the Turks. He was regarded as highly educated, spoke several languages and was an outgoing person who also took pleasure in the tournament. Sigismund was one of the driving forces behind the Council of Constance that ended the Papal Schism, but which also led to the Hussite Wars that dominated the later period of Sigismund's life.

In 1414 he participated in another war with the Teutonic Knights, this time in person coordinating all the activities of the Masovian troops. After 1422, following the death of his older brother, Bolesław received the district of Czersk, where he exercised his own court and government.

Czersk is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Góra Kalwaria, within Piaseczno County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 2 kilometres (1 mi) south-east of Góra Kalwaria, 19 km (12 mi) south-east of Piaseczno, and 33 km (21 mi) south-east of Warsaw. The village also lies on the Czersk Lake, which is an oxbow lake of the Vistula.

Bolesław died unexpectedly after 1420 but certainly before 4 May 1424. He was buried next to his father at St. John's Archcathedral, Warsaw.

St. John's Archcathedral in Warsaw is a Roman Catholic church in Warsaw's Old Town. St. John's is one of three cathedrals in Warsaw, but the only one which is also an archcathedral. It is the mother church of the archdiocese of Warsaw. St. John's Archcathedral is one of Poland's national pantheons and stands immediately adjacent to Warsaw's Jesuit church. Along with the city, the church has been listed by UNESCO as of cultural significance.

Marriage and Issue

Around 1412,^[2] Bolesław married the Lithuanian princess Anna (d. 25 May 1458 in Czersk), a daughter of Feodor Olgerdovich,^[3] Prince of Rylsk, Ratnie and Bryansk, one of the eldest sons of Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and in consequence, a half-brother of King Władysław II Jagiełło (born from Algirdas' second marriage). They had three children:

Konrad (1413 - 21 July 1427).
Euphemia (bef. 1420 - bef. 3 March 1436), married before 7 February 1435 to Michael Žygimantaitis, a Lithuanian prince.
Bolesław IV (ca. 1421 - 10 September 1454), who succeeded his grandfather Janusz I in all his domains as his only surviving male descendant.

Notes

1 2 Janusz (Jan) I Starszy (Mazowiecki) in: poczet.com [retrieved 11 January 2015].
↑ K. Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów mazowieckich, Poznań – Wrocław 1998, pp. 102–103; J. Tęgowski: Anna i Barbara – księżne mazowieckie z XV wieku. Przyczynek do genealogii Piastów mazowieckich, [in:] J. Śliwiński (ed.), Społeczeństwo i polityka do XVII wieku, Olsztyn 1994, pp. 97–104, claimed that the marriage was concluded between 16 May 1412 and 19 July 1414. See K. Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów mazowieckich, Poznań – Wrocław 1998, p. 102.
↑ J. Tęgowski: Anna i Barbara – księżne mazowieckie z XV wieku. Przyczynek do genealogii Piastów mazowieckich, [in:] J. Śliwiński (ed.), Społeczeństwo i polityka do XVII wieku, Olsztyn 1994, pp. 97–104; K. Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów mazowieckich, Poznań – Wrocław 1998, p. 102.

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References

K. Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów mazowieckich, Poznań – Wrocław 1998, pp. 100–103.

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[poczet-1] 1 2 Janusz (Jan) I Starszy (Mazowiecki) in: poczet.com [retrieved 11 January 2015].

[2] K. Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów mazowieckich, Poznań – Wrocław 1998, pp. 102–103; J. Tęgowski: Anna i Barbara – księżne mazowieckie z XV wieku. Przyczynek do genealogii Piastów mazowieckich, [in:] J. Śliwiński (ed.), Społeczeństwo i polityka do XVII wieku, Olsztyn 1994, pp. 97–104, claimed that the marriage was concluded between 16 May 1412 and 19 July 1414. See K. Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów mazowieckich, Poznań – Wrocław 1998, p. 102.

[3] J. Tęgowski: Anna i Barbara – księżne mazowieckie z XV wieku. Przyczynek do genealogii Piastów mazowieckich, [in:] J. Śliwiński (ed.), Społeczeństwo i polityka do XVII wieku, Olsztyn 1994, pp. 97–104; K. Jasiński: Rodowód Piastów mazowieckich, Poznań – Wrocław 1998, p. 102.