Boris Johnson's tenure as Foreign Secretary

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Boris Johnson FCA.jpg
Boris Johnson in his 2016 official portrait
Foreign Secretary
13 July 2016 –9 July 2018
Prime Minister Boris Johnson Portrait (cropped).jpg
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a series about
Boris Johnson
Mayor of London
European Union referendum
Foreign Secretary
Party leadership campaigns
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
First ministry and term
Second ministry and term
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In popular culture

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After Theresa May had become Conservative Party leader and prime minister following David Cameron's resignation, she appointed Boris Johnson as Foreign Secretary in July 2016. [1] Analysts saw the appointment as a tactic to weaken Johnson politically: the new positions of "Brexit secretary" and international trade secretary left the foreign secretary as a figurehead with few powers. [1] [2] Johnson's appointment ensured he would often be out of the country and unable to organise and mobilise backbenchers against her, while forcing him to take responsibility for problems caused by withdrawing from the EU. [3] [4]

Some journalists and foreign politicians criticised Johnson's appointment because of his history of controversial statements about other countries. [5] [6] [7] His tenure in the role attracted criticism from diplomats and foreign policy experts. [8] [9] A number of diplomats, FCO staff and foreign ministers who worked with Johnson compared his leadership unfavourably to previous foreign secretaries for his perceived lack of conviction or substantive positions on British foreign policy issues. [8] [9] Former Swedish prime minister Carl Bildt said: "I wish it was a joke." [10] A senior official in Obama's government suggested Johnson's appointment would push the US further towards Germany at the expense of the Special Relationship with the UK. [11] On one occasion Egyptian president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi walked out of a meeting with Johnson after a meeting did not "get beyond the pleasantries". [8]

Tenure

Johnson's visit to Turkey from 25 to 27 September 2016 was somewhat tense because he had won Douglas Murray's offensive poetry competition about the President of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, four months earlier. [12] When questioned by a journalist whether he would apologise for the poem, Johnson dismissed the matter as "trivia". [13] Johnson pledged to help Turkey join the EU and expressed support for Erdogan's government. [14] Johnson supported the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen and refused to block UK arms sales to Saudi Arabia, [15] stating there was no clear evidence of breaches of international humanitarian law by Saudi Arabia in the war in Yemen. [16] In September 2016, human rights groups accused him of blocking the UN inquiry into Saudi war crimes in Yemen. [17] Given the UK-Saudi alliance, in December, he attracted attention for commenting the Saudis were akin to the Iranians in "puppeteering and playing proxy wars" throughout the Middle East. [18] [19] [20] May said his comments did not represent the government's view. [21]

Johnson with US President Donald Trump in 2017 UNGA President Donald J. Trump and the British Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Boris Johnson (37425398262).jpg
Johnson with US President Donald Trump in 2017 UNGA

In November 2017, Johnson told the Foreign Affairs Select Committee that Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe—a British-Iranian dual citizen serving a five-year prison sentence in Iran after being arrested for training citizen journalists and bloggers in a BBC World Service Trust project—had been "simply teaching people journalism". Zaghari-Ratcliffe had said that her visit had been made simply for her daughter to meet her grandparents. Facing criticism, Johnson stated he had been misquoted and that nothing he said had justified Zaghari-Ratcliffe's sentence. [22] [23] In May 2018, Johnson backed [24] [25] the Iran nuclear deal framework, despite Donald Trump's withdrawal. [26] Johnson said the deal brought economic benefits to the Iranian people. [27] Johnson described the Gülen movement as a "cult" and supported Turkey's post-coup purges. He said that Turkey's coup attempt "was deeply violent, deeply anti-democratic, deeply sinister and it was totally right that it was crushed". [28]

In April 2017, Johnson said that Gibraltar's sovereignty was "not going to change" after Brexit. [29] Johnson promised while in Northern Ireland that Brexit would leave the Irish border "absolutely unchanged". [30] In May 2017, during the 2017 United Kingdom general election, a woman criticised him for discussing ending tariffs on Indian whisky in a Sikh temple in Bristol (Sikhism prohibits alcohol use). He later expressed regret that the protester held differing views to his on alcohol. [31]

Johnson visited the islands of Anguilla, and Tortola (in the British Virgin Islands) on 13 September 2017 to confirm the United Kingdom's commitment to helping restore British territories devastated by Hurricane Irma. [32] [33] He said he was reminded of photos of Hiroshima after the atom bomb had landed on it. [34]

In September 2017, he was criticised for reciting lines from Rudyard Kipling's poem Mandalay while visiting a Myanmar temple; the British ambassador, who was with him, suggested it was "not appropriate". [35] [36] [37] In October 2017, he faced criticism for stating the Libyan city of Sirte could become an economic success like Dubai: "all they have to do is clear the dead bodies away". [38] [39] Johnson did not condemn the actions of the Spanish government and police during the outlawed Catalan independence referendum on 1 October 2017. [40]

Initially favouring a less hostile approach to Russia, [41] Johnson soon backed a more aggressive policy towards Russia. [42] [43] Following the March 2018 poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal in Salisbury, an act which the UK government blamed on Russia, [44] [45] Johnson compared Vladimir Putin's hosting of the World Cup in Russia to Adolf Hitler's hosting of the Olympic Games in Berlin in 1936. [46] Russia's Foreign Ministry denounced Johnson's "unacceptable and unworthy" parallel towards Russia, a "nation that lost millions of lives in fighting Nazism". [47] Johnson described the Nord Stream 2 gas pipeline from Russia to Germany as "divisive" and a "threat" that left Europe dependent on a "malign Russia" for its energy supplies. [48]

Johnson visited the British Virgin Islands after Hurricane Irma Boris Johnson in the British Virgin Islands after Irma.jpg
Johnson visited the British Virgin Islands after Hurricane Irma

Johnson condemned the persecution of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar, [49] comparing the situation with the displacement of Palestinians in 1948. [50] Johnson supported the Turkish invasion of northern Syria aimed at ousting the Syrian Kurds from the enclave of Afrin. [51]

In a September 2017 op-ed, Johnson reiterated the UK would regain control of £350m a week after Brexit, suggesting it go to the National Health Service (NHS). [52] Cabinet colleagues subsequently criticised him for reviving the assertion and accused of "clear misuse of official statistics" by the chair of the UK Statistics Authority, Sir David Norgrove. [53] [54] The authority rejected the suggestion that it was quibbling over newspaper headlines and not Johnson's actual words. [54] Following the 2017 general election, Johnson denied media reports he intended to challenge May's leadership. [55] In a February 2018 letter to May, Johnson suggested that Northern Ireland may have to accept border controls after Brexit and that it would not seriously affect trade, having initially said a hard border would be unthinkable. [56]

In March 2018, Johnson apologised for his "inadvertent sexism" after being criticised for calling Shadow Foreign Secretary Emily Thornberry as "Lady Nugee"; Thornberry was married to Christopher Nugee but did not use his surname. [57] In June, he was reported as having said "fuck business" when asked about corporate concerns regarding a 'hard' Brexit. [58] [59] [60] [61]

Johnson said that US recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital is a "moment of opportunity" for peace. [62] In June 2018, Johnson accused the UNHRC of focusing disproportionately on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories. [63]

Secret recordings obtained by BuzzFeed News in June 2018 revealed Johnson's dissatisfaction with Prime Minister Theresa May's negotiating style, accusing her of being too collaborative with the European Union in Brexit negotiations. Comparing May's approach to that of the US President Donald Trump – who at the time was engaged in a combative trade war with the EU because it raised tariffs on metal – Johnson said: "Imagine Trump doing Brexit. He'd go in bloody hard ... There'd be all sorts of breakdowns, all sorts of chaos. Everyone would think he'd gone mad. But actually you might get somewhere. It's a very, very good thought." He also called Philip Hammond and the Treasury "the heart of Remain" and accused individuals of scaremongering over a Brexit "meltdown", saying "No panic. Pro bono publico , no bloody panic. It's going to be all right in the end." [64]

During trips to the United States as foreign secretary, Johnson had repeated meetings with Trump adviser and speechwriter Stephen Miller, which were held off White House grounds and kept quiet from May. During the meetings, Miller and Johnson "swapped speech-writing ideas and tips". [65]

In July 2018, three days after the cabinet had its meeting at Chequers to agree on a Brexit strategy, [66] Johnson, along with Brexit Secretary David Davis, [67] resigned his post. [68]

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References

  1. 1 2 Hutton, Robert. "Boris Johnson Appointed U.K. Foreign Secretary in May Government". Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  2. ↑ Bush, Stephen (14 July 2016). "Sending Boris Johnson to the Foreign Office is bad for Britain, good for Theresa May". New Statesman. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  3. ↑ Hüetlin, Thomas (14 July 2016). "Boris Johnson als Außenminister: Der Prügelknabe" [Boris Johnson as Foreign Secretary: The whipping boy]. Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  4. ↑ Cassidy, John (13 July 2016). "The Huge Challenge Facing Theresa May". The New Yorker . Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  5. ↑ Wintour, Patrick (13 July 2016). "Boris Johnson and diplomacy are not synonymous". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  6. ↑ "Boris Johnson is foreign secretary: The world reacts". BBC News. 14 July 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  7. ↑ Malkin, Bonnie; Oltermann, Philip; Phillips, Tom (14 July 2016). "'Maybe the Brits are just having us on': the world reacts to Boris Johnson as foreign minister". The Guardian. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  8. 1 2 3 "Boris Johnson: What did he achieve as foreign secretary?". BBC News. 9 July 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  9. 1 2 Hopkins, Nick (18 July 2019). "What diplomats really think about Boris Johnson". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  10. ↑ Holton, Kate; Pitas, Costas (14 July 2016). "May builds new-look Brexit cabinet to steer EU divorce". Reuters . Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  11. ↑ Moore, Robert (14 July 2016). "Boris Johnson's appointment as Foreign Secretary has not gone down well in the United States". ITV News. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  12. ↑ Murray, Douglas (18 May 2016). "Boris Johnson wins The Spectator's President Erdogan Offensive Poetry competition". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 22 July 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  13. ↑ Steerpike (27 September 2016). "Boris Johnson refuses to apologise for his President Erdogan poem". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 9 December 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2022.
  14. ↑ "Boris Johnson: UK will help Turkey join the EU". Politico . 28 September 2016.
  15. ↑ "Boris Johnson urged to back probe into international law violations in Yemen". The Independent. 21 September 2016.
  16. ↑ "Boris Johnson defends UK arms sales to Saudi Arabia". The Guardian. 5 September 2016.
  17. ↑ "Boris Johnson criticised by human rights groups after blocking inquiry into war crimes in Yemen". The Independent. 27 September 2016.
  18. ↑ "Boris Johnson accuses Saudi Arabia of 'playing proxy wars'". BBC News. 8 December 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  19. ↑ Tovey, Alan (8 March 2015). "Charted: the world's biggest arms importers" . The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  20. ↑ Dominiczak, Peter (8 December 2016). "Row over Saudi Arabia comments blows open rift between Theresa May and Boris Johnson" . The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  21. ↑ "Boris Johnson's Saudi 'proxy wars' comment 'not UK's view'". BBC News. 8 December 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2017.
  22. ↑ "Fears for Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe after Boris Johnson remark". BBC News. 6 November 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  23. ↑ Rawlinson, Kevin (7 November 2017). "Boris Johnson to call Iran in wake of comments about jailed Briton". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  24. ↑ "Boris Johnson defends Iran nuclear deal after Israeli claims". 1 May 2018. Archived from the original on 10 June 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  25. ↑ Wintour, Patrick (9 May 2018). "UK will not follow Trump in ditching Iran deal, Boris Johnson vows". The Guardian.
  26. ↑ "Trump pulls US out of Iran deal: Here's what to know". PolitiFact.
  27. ↑ Burchard, Hans von der (21 May 2018). "Boris Johnson calls US plan for new Iran deal 'very difficult'". Politico. Retrieved 25 August 2019. The advantage of the JCPOA was that it had a very clear objective. It protected the world from an Iranian nuclear bomb, and in return it gave the Iranians some recognizable economic benefits. That was at the core of it. The Americans have walked away from that.
  28. ↑ "Boris Johnson says he will help Turkey hunt for Gulenists in the UK". Business Insider . 28 September 2016.
  29. ↑ "Brexit and Gibraltar: May laughs off Spain 'war' talk". BBC News. 3 April 2017.
  30. ↑ "How would Boris Johnson solve the Irish border problem?". New Statesman. 12 June 2019.
  31. ↑ "Boris Johnson criticised by Sikh woman over whisky comment in Gurdwara". BBC News. 17 May 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2019.
  32. ↑ "Boris Johnson visited Anguilla and the British Virgin Islands after Hurricane Irma to see the UK's huge relief effort at first hand". gov.uk (Press release). Archived from the original on 13 September 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  33. ↑ "French, British officials view Irma's damage, vow island aid". Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 13 September 2017.
  34. ↑ "Boris Johnson reminded of Hiroshima on visit to Irma-hit Tortola". Sky UK. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
  35. ↑ "Ambassador stops Boris Johnson 'reciting colonial poem' in Burmese temple". ITV. 30 September 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2017.
  36. ↑ Grafton-Green, Patrick (30 September 2017). "Boris Johnson 'caught on camera quoting Kipling poem in Burmese temple'". Evening Standard. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  37. ↑ Booth, Robert (30 September 2017). "Boris Johnson caught on camera reciting Kipling in Myanmar temple". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  38. ↑ "Boris Johnson Libya 'dead bodies' comment provokes anger". BBC News. 4 October 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  39. ↑ "Is Boris Johnson really unsackable?" . The Economist . 5 October 2017. Archived from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  40. ↑ "Boris Johnson refuses to condemn police violence in Catalonia". The Independent. 2 October 2017.
  41. ↑ Webber, Esther (14 February 2018). "I was a fool to think we could reset relations with Russia, says Johnson". The Times. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
  42. ↑ "The Kremlin conundrum facing Boris Johnson" . The Times. 23 July 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  43. ↑ "What has Boris Johnson said about other countries and their leaders?". BBC News. 24 July 2019.
  44. ↑ "PM under pressure over Russian spy case". BBC News. 12 March 2018. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  45. ↑ "Boris Johnson accused of making misleading Russia Novichok claim in DW interview". Deutsche Welle. 4 April 2018.
  46. ↑ Wintour, Patrick (21 March 2018). "Boris Johnson compares Russian World Cup to Hitler's 1936 Olympics". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 March 2018.
  47. ↑ Osborne, Samuel (21 March 2018). "Sergei Skripal: Chemical weapons inspectors arrive in Salisbury to investigate nerve agent attack". The Independent. Archived from the original on 19 June 2018.
  48. ↑ "Boris Johnson joins US in criticising Russia to Germany gas pipeline". The Guardian. 22 May 2018.
  49. ↑ "Direct Cargo Flights from Dhaka: UK to lift ban shortly". The Daily Star . 10 February 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  50. ↑ "Boris Johnson for quick repatriation of Rohingyas". Dhaka Tribune . 9 February 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  51. ↑ "UK: Turkey has legitimate interest in border security". Anadolu Agency. 22 January 2018.
  52. ↑ Johnson, Boris (15 September 2017). "My vision for a bold, thriving Britain enabled by Brexit" . The Daily Telegraph . ISSN   0307-1235. Archived from the original on 15 September 2017. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  53. ↑ Asthana, Anushka (17 September 2017). "Boris Johnson left isolated as row grows over £350m post-Brexit claim". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 18 September 2017.
  54. 1 2 "Brexit: Boris Johnson and stats chief in row over £350m figure". BBC News.
  55. ↑ "Boris Johnson denies plot to topple UK PM Theresa May". Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
  56. ↑ Maidment, Jack (28 February 2018). "Boris Johnson accuses Remainers of trying to use Irish border issue to stop the UK leaving the EU" . The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  57. ↑ "Speaker tells Johnson off for 'sexism'". BBC News. 27 March 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  58. ↑ Crisp, James; Foster, Peter; Rayner, Gordon (23 June 2018). "EU diplomats shocked by Boris's 'four-letter reply' to business concerns about Brexit" . The Daily Telegraph . Archived from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2021.
  59. ↑ "Enough already: in the national interest, we must stop a hard Brexit". The Guardian . 24 June 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  60. ↑ "EU diplomats reveal Boris Johnson said 'f**k business' over Brexit fears". The National. 23 June 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
  61. ↑ "Johnson challenged over 'Brexit expletive'". BBC News. 26 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  62. ↑ "Boris Johnson under fire after calling Trump's Jerusalem embassy move a 'moment of opportunity' for peace". The Independent. 23 January 2018.
  63. ↑ "Britain condemns 'anti-Israel bias' at UN Human Rights Council". The Times of Israel . 18 June 2018.
  64. ↑ Pitas, Costas (8 June 2018). "Brace for a possible 'Brexit meltdown' but don't panic, Johnson says -BuzzFeed". Reuters. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
  65. ↑ "Boris and Donald: A very special relationship". Politico . 13 December 2019.
  66. ↑ "At-a-glance: The new UK Brexit plan agreed at Chequers". BBC News. 7 July 2018.
  67. ↑ Stewart, Heather (9 July 2018). "Brexit secretary David Davis resigns plunging government into crisis". The Guardian. London.
  68. ↑ Stewart, Heather; Crerar, Pippa; Sabbagh, Dan (9 July 2018). "May's plan 'sticks in the throat', says Boris Johnson as he resigns over Brexit". The Guardian. London.
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