Breathitt County, Kentucky

Last updated

Breathitt County, Kentucky
Breathitt County Kentucky Courthouse.jpg
Breathitt County Courthouse in Jackson
Map of Kentucky highlighting Breathitt County.svg
Location within the U.S. state of Kentucky
Coordinates: 37°31′N83°19′W / 37.52°N 83.32°W / 37.52; -83.32
CountryFlag of the United States.svg United States
StateFlag of Kentucky.svg Kentucky
Founded1839
Named after John Breathitt
Seat Jackson
Largest cityJackson
Area
  Total
495 sq mi (1,280 km2)
  Land492 sq mi (1,270 km2)
  Water2.9 sq mi (7.5 km2)  0.6%
Population
 (2020)
  Total
13,718
  Estimate 
(2024)
12,804 Decrease2.svg
  Density27.9/sq mi (10.8/km2)
Time zone UTC−5 (Eastern)
  Summer (DST) UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district 5th
Website breathittcounty.ky.gov

Breathitt County ( /ˈbrɛˌθɪt/ BREH-thit) is a county located in the eastern portion of the U.S. state of Kentucky. As of the 2020 census, the population was 13,718. [1] Its county seat is Jackson. [2] The county was formed in 1839 and was named for John Breathitt, who was Governor of Kentucky from 1832 to 1834. Breathitt County was formerly a dry county, until a public vote in July 2016 passed, allowing alcohol sales. [3]

Contents

History

The area now encompassed by Kentucky's Breathitt County was first bounded in 1772, when all of what is now the state of Kentucky was in the frontier county of Fincastle County, Virginia. Fincastle was divided in 1776, with the western portion named Kentucky County, Virginia. In 1780, Virginia set aside all land in Kentucky County for soldiers who had served in the Revolutionary War. In 1780, Kentucky County was divided into 3 counties, Jefferson, Fayette, and Lincoln. Lincoln County was divided in 1799, with part becoming Knox County. In 1807, the Legislature partitioned the upper part of Knox to create Clay County. On February 6, 1839, a portion of Clay (along with portions of Estill and Perry Counties) was partitioned off to create Breathitt County. It was named for Governor John Breathitt. [4] The first people to actually settle on the land that became Breathitt County were Joseph Back (1745–1819), his wife Elizabeth Hoffman-Maggard (1755–1826), and their four children: Joseph Back Jr. (1773–1802); John Back (1774–1854); Mary Back (1777–1807); and Henry Back (1785–1871). [5]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 495 square miles (1,280 km2), of which 492 square miles (1,270 km2) is land and 2.9 square miles (7.5 km2) (0.6%) is water. [6]

The North and Middle Forks of the Kentucky River pass through the county as the main water drainages.

Adjacent counties

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
1840 2,195
1850 3,78572.4%
1860 4,98031.6%
1870 5,67213.9%
1880 7,74236.5%
1890 8,70512.4%
1900 14,32264.5%
1910 17,54022.5%
1920 20,61417.5%
1930 21,1432.6%
1940 23,94613.3%
1950 19,964−16.6%
1960 15,490−22.4%
1970 14,221−8.2%
1980 17,00419.6%
1990 15,703−7.7%
2000 16,1002.5%
2010 13,878−13.8%
2020 13,718−1.2%
2024 (est.)12,804 [7] −6.7%
US Decennial Census [8]
1790–1960 [9] 1900–1990 [10]
1990–2000 [11] 2010–2020 [1]
Breathitt County, Kentucky – Racial composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race (NH = Non-Hispanic)% 2020 [12] % 2010 [13] % 2000 [14] Pop 2020Pop 2010Pop 2000
White alone (NH)95%97.8%98.1%13,03813,57515,797
Black alone (NH)0.4%0.3%0.4%574362
American Indian alone (NH)0.1%0.1%0.1%111214
Asian alone (NH)0.3%0.5%0.3%376747
Pacific Islander alone (NH)0.1%0.1%0%11124
Other race alone (NH)0%0.1%0%092
Multiracial (NH)3.4%0.5%0.4%4717168
Hispanic/Latino (any race)0.7%0.6%0.7%9389106

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 13,718. The median age was 42.7 years. 22.2% of residents were under the age of 18 and 18.3% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 99.0 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 94.7 males age 18 and over. [15] [16]

The most reported ancestries in 2020 were English (42.5%), Irish (5.1%), German (3.2%), and Scottish (1.4%). [17]

The racial makeup of the county was 95.4% White, 0.4% Black or African American, 0.1% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 0.1% from some other race, and 3.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 0.7% of the population. [16]

0.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 100.0% lived in rural areas. [18]

There were 5,716 households in the county, of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 30.9% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. [15]

There were 6,551 housing units, of which 12.7% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 74.8% were owner-occupied and 25.2% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.6% and the rental vacancy rate was 7.7%. [15]

2000 census

As of the census of 2000, there were 16,100 people, 6,170 households, and 4,541 families in the county. The population density was 32 per square mile (12/km2). There were 6,812 housing units at an average density of 14 per square mile (5.4/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 98.69% White, 0.39% Black or African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.08% from other races, and 0.43% from two or more races. 0.66% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 6,170 households, out of which 34.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.00% were married couples living together, 14.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.40% were non-families. 23.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.00.

The county population contained 25.50% under the age of 18, 10.00% from 18 to 24, 28.90% from 25 to 44, 24.00% from 45 to 64, and 11.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females there were 97.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $19,155, and the median income for a family was $23,721. Males had a median income of $26,208 versus $20,613 for females. The per capita income for the county was $11,044. About 28.10% of families and 33.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 42.90% of those under age 18 and 26.80% of those age 65 or over.

Politics

United States presidential election results for Breathitt County, Kentucky [19]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
%%%
1880 33029.10%79770.28%70.62%
1884 45934.08%87064.59%181.34%
1888 50543.61%63654.92%171.47%
1892 56636.42%97762.87%110.71%
1896 77638.92%1,20460.38%140.70%
1900 85034.92%1,57364.63%110.45%
1904 82934.66%1,53764.26%261.09%
1908 1,62050.33%1,56748.68%320.99%
1912 91030.34%1,68256.09%40713.57%
1916 1,58443.09%2,06756.23%250.68%
1920 2,46447.09%2,73752.31%310.59%
1924 1,70837.59%2,82662.19%100.22%
1928 2,30943.35%3,01756.65%00.00%
1932 1,37123.23%4,52476.65%70.12%
1936 1,79030.96%3,98068.85%110.19%
1940 1,60228.66%3,97771.14%110.20%
1944 1,23029.40%2,92269.85%310.74%
1948 95722.38%3,29577.06%240.56%
1952 1,38128.99%3,38371.01%00.00%
1956 2,42342.71%3,24657.22%40.07%
1960 1,99637.64%3,30762.36%00.00%
1964 66912.43%4,71487.57%00.00%
1968 1,36129.09%2,95463.15%3637.76%
1972 1,84640.65%2,67758.95%180.40%
1976 1,01422.16%3,54477.45%180.39%
1980 1,53227.69%3,91670.79%841.52%
1984 2,85545.25%3,43554.45%190.30%
1988 2,14938.51%3,38760.70%440.79%
1992 1,30324.42%3,49665.52%53710.06%
1996 1,05823.11%3,10667.85%4149.04%
2000 2,08441.08%2,90257.20%871.71%
2004 2,54242.77%3,32755.97%751.26%
2008 2,67153.10%2,20543.84%1543.06%
2012 3,31866.25%1,56231.19%1282.56%
2016 3,99169.55%1,53726.79%2103.66%
2020 4,26575.34%1,30122.98%951.68%
2024 4,03678.86%1,00219.58%801.56%

During the 20th century, Breathitt County was a Democratic stronghold typical of rural Appalachia, only voting Republican narrowly once. Starting in 1912, Breathitt County continuously voted for the Democratic presidential nominee, a streak that would last until the 2004 election. Since 2008, the county has voted for the Republican nominee each election by increasingly wide margins. Despite this, 79% of registered voters remain Democrats. [20]

In gubernatorial elections, Breathitt County has only voted for the Republican nominee on three occasions: 1907, 1919, and 2015.

Elected officials

Elected officials as of January 3, 2025 [21] [22]
U.S. House Hal Rogers (R) KY5
Ky. Senate Brandon Smith (R) 30
Ky. House Chris Fugate (R) 84

Economy

Coal companies

Education

K-12 education

There are two school districts in the county: Jackson Independent School District and Breathitt County School District. The former includes a portion of Jackson and some unincorporated areas, while the latter has the remainder of the city and county. [25] [26] The Jackson school district operates Jackson City School a single K-12 facility. The county school district operates several schools, including:

Private schools:

Higher education

Breathitt Area Technology Center

The Breathitt Area Technology Center serves both the Jackson Independent and the Breathitt County school districts. It is located on the campus of Breathitt County High School. The school is operated by the state of Kentucky. While most of the funding comes from the state, much of the equipment is purchased with federal Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act funds, which are aimed at advancing technical education.

The school is focused on technical education, offering these technical programs:

UK Robinson Station

The community of Quicksand is the location for the University of Kentucky Robinson Station. This agriculture research facility is a pivotal asset in Breathitt County, furthering the scientific studies in the areas of agriculture and forestry.

Health care

Breathitt County health care providers were featured in a November 23, 2013, article in The Washington Post : "In Rural Kentucky, Health-Care Takes Back Seat as the Long-Uninsured Line Up". [27] As of 2014 the county had the highest morbidity rate in the state of Kentucky.

Communities

City

Unincorporated communities

  • Altro
  • Bays
  • Caney
  • Canoe
  • Chenowee
  • Clayhole
  • Cockrell Fork (on line between Breathitt and Perry Counties)
  • Crockettsville
  • Elkatawa
  • Evanston
  • Fishtrap
  • Flintville
  • Frozen/Frozen Creek
  • Fugates Fork
  • Guage
  • Haddix
  • Hardshell Caney
  • Hayes Branch
  • Leatherwood
  • Lost Creek
  • Morris Fork
  • Ned
  • Nix Branch
  • Noble
  • Noctor
  • Oakdale
  • Portsmouth
  • Quicksand
  • River Caney
  • Riverside
  • Rose Branch
  • Rousseau
  • Rowdy
  • Saldee
  • Sebastians Branch
  • Shoulder Blade/Shoulderblade
  • Smith Branch
  • South Fork
  • Stevenson [28]
  • Troublesome Creek
  • Turners Creek
  • Vancleve
  • War Creek
  • Watts
  • Whick
  • Wilstacy
  • Wolf Coal

Nature viewing

Feral horses seen at Southfork Elkview in Breathitt County, Kentucky. Feralhorses.jpg
Feral horses seen at Southfork Elkview in Breathitt County, Kentucky.

In the community of Southfork, there is a local elk viewing area where elk and feral horses can be seen. [29] [30]

Notable people

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved February 26, 2023.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on June 15, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. "Breathitt County voters choose to allow alcohol sales". wymt.com. WYMT-TV. July 12, 2016. Retrieved July 14, 2016.
  4. The Register of the Kentucky State Historical Society, Vol. 1. Kentucky State Historical Society. 1903. p.  34.
  5. Simpson, Dr. Mary Back (2024). The Bach (Back) Family from Southeastern Kentucky. John Harris Publishing Co. p. 42. ISBN   978-0-9891687-8-6.
  6. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". US Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Archived from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  7. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2024". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 13, 2025.
  8. "US Decennial Census". US Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 26, 2015. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  9. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  10. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". US Census Bureau. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  11. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). US Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
  12. "HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE (2020)". data.census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau.
  13. "HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE (2010)". data.census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau.
  14. Kentucky: 2000 (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. pp. 74–75.
  15. 1 2 3 "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2025.
  16. 1 2 "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)". United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved December 22, 2025.
  17. "Detailed Races and Ethnicities in the United States and Puerto Rico: 2020 Census". census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau.
  18. "2020 Decennial Census Demographic and Housing Characteristics (DHC)". United States Census Bureau. 2023. Retrieved December 22, 2025.
  19. Leip, David. "Atlas of US Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved June 29, 2018.
  20. "Democrats are dwindling in Wyoming. A primary election law further reduces their influence". AP News. August 18, 2024. Retrieved August 18, 2024.
  21. "Senate Members - County". apps.legislature.ky.gov. Kentucky General Assembly . Retrieved January 3, 2025.
  22. "House Members - County". apps.legislature.ky.gov. Kentucky General Assembly . Retrieved January 3, 2025.
  23. Arch Coal – Hazard Complex Archived September 10, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  24. US Coal Corporation :: Operations Archived January 2, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
  25. "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Breathitt County, KY" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau . Retrieved July 18, 2024. - Text list
  26. "Appendix B: Maps Of Independent School Districts In Operation In FY 2014-FY 2015 Using 2005 Tax District Boundaries – Jackson ISD" (PDF). Research Report No. 415 – Kentucky's Independent School Districts: A Primer. Frankfort, KY: Office of Education Accountability, Legislative Research Commission. September 15, 2015. p. 115 (PDF p. 129/174). Archived (PDF) from the original on December 10, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2024.
  27. McCrummen, Stephanie (November 13, 2013). "In Rural Kentucky Health-Care Debate Takes Back Seat as the Long-Uninsured Line Up". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
  28. Stevenson, KY (Google Maps, accessed 26 June 2020)
  29. Guggenmos, Lean (November 11, 2020). "Red River Gorge Day Trip – Southfork Elk View". StayOver. Stay Over Management. Retrieved May 13, 2023.
  30. "South Fork Elkview". Explore Kentucky Wildlands.
  31. "Kentucky clerk who refused same-sex marriage licenses starts new appeal". Reuters . September 6, 2015. Retrieved May 8, 2016.

Further reading

37°31′N83°19′W / 37.52°N 83.32°W / 37.52; -83.32