The United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit is a federal court located in Richmond,Virginia,with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts in the following districts:
Emilio Miller Garza is a former United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit and former United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas.
Edith Brown Clement is a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit,based in New Orleans,Louisiana.
Diane Schwerm Sykes is an American jurist and lawyer who serves as the chief judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. She served as a justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court from 1999 to 2004.
JoséAlberto Cabranes is an American lawyer who serves as a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and a former presiding judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review ("FISCR"). Formerly a practicing lawyer,government official,and law teacher,he was the first Puerto Rican appointed to a federal judgeship in the continental United States (1979).
Rapanos v. United States,547 U.S. 715 (2006),was a United States Supreme Court case challenging federal jurisdiction to regulate isolated wetlands under the Clean Water Act. It was the first major environmental case heard by the newly appointed Chief Justice,John Roberts,and Associate Justice Samuel Alito. The Supreme Court heard the case on February 21,2006,and issued a decision on June 19,2006.
Timothy Michael Tymkovich is an American lawyer who has served as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit since 2003;serving as chief judge from 2015 to 2022. In November 2023,he was designated by Chief Justice John Roberts to serve as a judge of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review.
Harris L Hartz is an American jurist and lawyer who serves as a federal judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit.
Stephen Roy Reinhardt was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit,with chambers in Los Angeles,California. He was the last federal appeals court judge in active service to have been appointed to his position by President Jimmy Carter.
Sandra Lea Lynch is an American lawyer who serves as a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. She is the first woman to serve on that court. Lynch served as chief judge of the First Circuit from 2008 to 2015.
Kermit Victor Lipez is an American lawyer who serves as a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.
Fortunato Pedro Benavides was an American judge. From 1994 until 2023,he served as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
David Brookman "Brooks" Smith is a senior judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. He was previously Chief Judge of both the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit and the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania,and is the only judge in the history of the Third Circuit to have served as both a chief district judge and chief of the Court of Appeals.
Thomas Lee Ambro is a Senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit.
Jerry Edwin Smith is an American attorney and jurist serving as a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
In United States federal courts,a circuit split,also known as a split of authority or split in authority,occurs when two or more different circuit courts of appeals provide conflicting rulings on the same legal issue. The existence of a circuit split is one of the factors that the Supreme Court of the United States considers when deciding whether to grant review of a case. Some scholars suggest that the Supreme Court is more likely to grant review of a case to resolve a circuit split than for any other reason.
William Edward Smith is a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island and a former federal judicial nominee to the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.
David Frank Hamilton is a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. He was previously a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana. On March 17,2009,he became President Barack Obama's first judicial nominee when he was named for a seat on the Seventh Circuit. He was confirmed by the Senate on November 19,2009,in a 59–39 vote.
Ojetta Rogeriee Thompson is an American lawyer who serves as a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. He was previously a Rhode Island Superior Court justice.
Stephanos Bibas is an American lawyer and jurist who serves as a U.S. circuit judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. Before his appointment to the bench,Bibas was a professor of law and criminology at the University of Pennsylvania Law School,where he also served as director of its Supreme Court clinic.
