Buddleja fallowiana var. alba

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Buddleja fallowiana var. alba
Buddleja fallowiana var alba panicle.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Genus: Buddleja
Species:
B. fallowiana
Variety:
B. f. var. alba
Trinomial name
Buddleja fallowiana var. alba
Synonyms

Buddleja fallowianavar.albaSabourin is a white-flowered variety of B. fallowiana endemic to Yunnan in western China, where it grows in open woodland, along forest edges and watercourses. The shrub was considered superior to the lavender-blue flowered B. fallowiana by Bean, who thought it one of the most attractive of all Buddlejas. [1]

In botanical nomenclature, variety is a taxonomic rank below that of species and subspecies, but above that of form. As such, it gets a three-part infraspecific name. It is sometimes recommended that the subspecies rank should be used to recognize geographic distinctiveness, whereas the variety rank is appropriate if the taxon is seen throughout the geographic range of the species.

<i>Buddleja fallowiana</i> species of plant

Buddleja fallowiana is a species of flowering plant endemic to the Yunnan province of western China, where it grows in open woodland, along forest edges and watercourses. The plant was collected in China by Forrest in 1906, and named in 1917 by Balfour & Smith for George Fallow, a gardener at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh who had died in Egypt in 1915 from wounds sustained fighting in the Gallipoli Campaign.

Yunnan Province

Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China. Located in Southwest China, the province spans approximately 394,000 square kilometres (152,000 sq mi) and has a population of 45.7 million. The capital of the province is Kunming, formerly also known as Yunnan. The province borders the Chinese provinces Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, and the Tibet Autonomous Region, as well as the countries Vietnam, Laos, and Myanmar.

Contents

Introduced to cultivation as seed sent to England in 1925 by Forrest, [2] the variety was named by Sabourin. [3] [4] However its status was challenged by Leeuwenberg, who considered its different flower colour and smaller size insufficient to justify its distinction as a variety, and sank it as simply B. fallowiana. [5] [6]

George Forrest (botanist) Scottish botanist

George Forrest was a Scottish botanist, who became one of the first western explorers of China's then remote southwestern province of Yunnan, generally regarded as the most biodiverse province in the country.

Lucien Sabourin French botanist

Lucien Sabourin (1904–1987) was a French botanist best known for his work with the City of Paris parks department. An autodidact, Sabourin initially worked as a gardener with Vilmorin-Andrieux, rising to the rank of Head of Cultures.

Anthonius Josephus Maria "Toon" Leeuwenberg was a Dutch botanist and taxonomist best known for his research into the genus Buddleja at the Laboratory of Plant Taxonomy and Plant Geography, Wageningen. He was responsible for sinking many Asiatic species as varieties, notably within Buddleja crispa. In 1962, he worked with Jan de Wilde on the flora of the Ivory Coast.

Accorded the Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit (record 686) in 1993 (reaffirmed 2010); [7] [8] the shrub also came second (after 'Sungold') in the public poll of 57 Buddleja species and cultivars conducted by the University of Georgia in 1997.

Royal Horticultural Society registered charity in the UK which promotes gardening and horticulture

The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), founded in 1804 as the Horticultural Society of London, is the UK's leading gardening charity.

Award of Garden Merit mark of quality awarded to garden plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society

The Award of Garden Merit (AGM) is a long-established annual award for plants by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). It is based on assessment of the plants' performance under UK growing conditions.

<i>Buddleja</i> × <i>weyeriana</i> Sungold

Buddleja × weyeriana 'Sungold' is a cultivar which arose as a sport of 'Golden Glow' at the nursery of P. G. Zwijnenburg in the Netherlands during the 1960s. 'Sungold' was accorded the Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit in 1993, reaffirmed in 2010. A particularly floriferous specimen of 'Sungold' was introduced to the United States from Scotland by Mike Dirr in 1995, and propagated there as 'Honeycomb'; it later came top in the public poll of 57 Buddleja species and cultivars conducted by the University of Georgia in 1997.

Description

Buddleja fallowiana var. alba flowers.jpg

Buddleja fallowiana var. alba is a deciduous, comparatively slow-growing shrub of loose habit, typically growing to a height and width of < 1.7 × 2 m. The young shoots are clothed with a dense white felt. The leaves are lanceolate, tapering to a fine point, with shallowly toothed margins. The size of the leaves varies considerably according to the vigour of the shoot, and can reach 25 cm long by 8 cm wide, the upper surfaces glabrescent and dark-green, the lower surfaces densely tomentose. The inflorescences are lax narrow panicles < 25 cm long by 2.5 – 3 cm wide, and comprise vanilla-scented white flowers with yellow eyes, the corollas 10 mm long. The flowers bloom in late summer and autumn. [1] [3] Ploidy: 2n = 76 (tetraploid).

Panicle type of inflorescence

A panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike, by requiring that the flowers be pedicellate. The branches of a panicle are often racemes. A panicle may have determinate or indeterminate growth.

Vanilla A flavoring extracted from orchids of the genus Vanilla

Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids of the genus Vanilla, primarily from the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla (V. planifolia). The word vanilla, derived from vainilla, the diminutive of the Spanish word vaina, is translated simply as "little pod". Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican people cultivated the vine of the vanilla orchid, called tlīlxochitl by the Aztecs. Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés is credited with introducing both vanilla and chocolate to Europe in the 1520s.

Ploidy number of sets of chromosomes in a cell

Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.

Cultivation

Somewhat tender, var. alba is better grown against a wall. However, if cut to the ground by frost, it will grow again from the base. Growth is significantly slower than that of B. davidii, Bean considering the species more closely allied to B. nivea. [1] Hardiness: RHS H5, USDA zones 8–9. [4]

<i>Buddleja davidii</i> species of plant

Buddleja davidii, also called summer lilac, butterfly-bush, or orange eye, is a species of flowering plant in the family Scrophulariaceae, native to Sichuan and Hubei provinces in central China, and also Japan. It is widely used as an ornamental plant, and many named varieties are in cultivation. B. davidii is named after the French missionary and explorer in China, Father Armand David, who was the first European to report the shrub. It was found near Ichang by Dr Augustine Henry about 1887 and sent to St Petersburg. Another botanist-missionary in China, Jean-André Soulié, sent seed to the French nursery Vilmorin, and B. davidii entered commerce in the 1890s.

<i>Buddleja nivea</i> species of plant

Buddleja nivea is a vigorous shrub endemic to western China, evergreen in the wild, but deciduous in cultivation in the UK. The plant was discovered by Wilson in the Yangtze basin at altitudes of 700 – 3,600 m. Introduced to cultivation in 1901, it was named by Duthie in 1905. Several plants similar to the species but originally treated as species and varieties in their own right have now been sunk as B. nivea.

Hardiness zone Geographical regions defined by climatic conditions for horticultural purposes

A hardiness zone is a geographic area defined to encompass a certain range of climatic conditions relevant to plant growth and survival.

Related Research Articles

<i>Buddleja crispa</i> species of plant

Buddleja crispa, sometimes called the Himalayan butterfly bush, is native to Afghanistan, Bhutan, North India, Nepal, Pakistan and China, where it grows on dry river beds, slopes with boulders, exposed cliffs, and in thickets, at elevations of 1400–4300 m. Named by Bentham in 1835, B. crispa was introduced to cultivation in 1850, and came to be considered one of the more attractive species within the genus; it ranked 8th out of 57 species and cultivars in a public poll organized by the Center for Applied Nursery Research (CANR) at the University of Georgia, USA.. In the UK, B. crispa was accorded the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Merit in 1961. However, the species is not entirely cold-hardy, and thus its popularity is not as ubiquitous as it might otherwise be.

<i>Buddleja colvilei</i> species of plant

Buddleja colvilei is endemic to the eastern Himalaya; discovered by Hooker in 1849, he declared it 'the handsomest of all Himalayan shrubs.' In 1896 the species was awarded the RHS First Class Certificate (FCC), given to plants 'of outstanding excellence for exhibition'.

<i>Buddleja alternifolia</i> species of plant

Buddleja alternifolia, known as alternate-leaved butterfly-bush, is a species of flowering plant endemic to Kansu, China, where it grows along river banks in thickets at elevations of 1,500 – 4,000 m. A substantial deciduous shrub growing to 4 metres (13 ft) tall and wide, it bears grey-green leaves and graceful pendent racemes of scented lilac flowers in summer.

<i>Buddleja officinalis</i> species of plant

Buddleja officinalis is a deciduous early-spring flowering shrub native to west Hubei, Sichuan, and Yunnan provinces in China. Discovered in 1875 by Pavel Piasetski, a surgeon in the Russian army, B. officinalis was named and described by Maximowicz in 1880. Introduced to western cultivation in 1908, B. officinalis was accorded the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Merit three years later, and the Award of Garden Merit in 2002.

<i>Buddleja forrestii</i> species of plant

Buddleja forrestii is a deciduous shrub or small tree widely distributed from India to western China. First described by Diels in 1912, he named the species for plant hunter George Forrest, who discovered the plant in Yunnan in 1904 and introduced it to Western cultivation.

<i>Buddleja japonica</i> species of plant

Buddleja japonica is a deciduous shrub native to Honshu and Shikoku, Japan, where it grows on mountain slopes amid scrub. The shrub was named and described by Hemsley in 1889, and introduced to Western cultivation in 1896.

<i>Buddleja madagascariensis</i> species of plant

Buddleja madagascariensis, also known as smokebush, is an evergreen shrub endemic to Madagascar, where it grows amongst scrub on mountain slopes to elevations of 600–2,000 metres (2,000–6,600 ft). The species was first named and described by Lamarck in 1792, and introduced to cultivation in 1827. It was listed by Masters in his Hortus duroverni Canterbury nursery catalogue of 1831. Popular around the world as an ornamental, B. madagascariensis has widely naturalized and is now classified as an invasive species in Hawaii; it can also be found growing wild in southern China, and along the Mediterranean coast of France.

<i>Buddleja</i> Lochinch

Buddleja 'Lochinch' is an old hybrid cultivar raised from a chance seedling found in the garden of the Earl of Stair at Lochinch Castle, in the mild west coast of Scotland, c. 1940; the shrub's parents are believed to be Buddleja davidii and Buddleja fallowiana. One of the most popular buddlejas of all time, 'Lochinch' was accorded the Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit in 1993, reaffirmed in 2010.

<i>Buddleja</i> Pink Delight

Buddleja 'Pink Delight' is a hybrid cultivar raised by the Horticultural Research Institute in Boskoop, Netherlands, in 1986 from the crossing B. davidii 'Fascination' × B. davidii var. nanhoensis 'Alba' × B. 'West Hill'. Accorded the Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit in 1993, 'Pink Delight' has become one of the most successful buddleja cultivars ever released and is still regarded as among the best pink-flowered varieties.

<i>Buddleja</i> West Hill

Buddleja 'West Hill' is an old hybrid cultivar, a full sister of 'Lochinch' and 'Mayford Purple' raised from a chance seedling found in the garden of the Earl of Stair at Lochinch Castle, Scotland, circa 1940, the shrub's parents believed to be Buddleja davidii and Buddleja fallowiana. 'West Hill' was introduced to commerce by the Sunningdale Nursery in 1959, and accorded the Royal Horticultural Society Award of Garden Merit in 2012, following the RHS Buddleja Euro-trials held at Wisley from 2008 to 2010.

Buddleja 'Mayford Purple' is an old hybrid cultivar, a full sister of 'Lochinch' and 'West Hill' raised at Lochinch Castle, Scotland, circa 1940, the shrub's parents believed to be Buddleja davidii and Buddleja fallowiana. 'Mayford Purple' was probably introduced to commerce by the Sunningdale Nursery in Surrey, England, which introduced its sibling 'West Hill', naming it for the nearby village of Mayford.

Buddleja davidiivar.alba is endemic to central and western China. The plant has also been treated as a form, and a cultivar ('Alba'). However, Anthonius Leeuwenberg sank var. alba and the other five varieties of davidii as synonyms, considering them to be within the natural variation of a species, a treatment also adopted in the Flora of China published in 1996.

Buddleja davidiivar.nanhoensis is endemic to Kansu, China, and introduced by Farrer in 1914. The taxonomy of the plant and the other five davidii varieties has been challenged in recent years. Leeuwenberg sank them all as synonyms, considering them to be within the natural variation of a species, a treatment adopted in the Flora of China published in 1996.

Buddleja davidiivar.magnifica is endemic to much of the same area as the type; it was named by Rehder & E. H. Wilson in 1909.

Buddleja davidiivar.veitchiana was collected in Hupeh and introduced to cultivation by E. H. Wilson; it was named for the British nurseryman and horticulturist James Veitch by Rehder. The taxonomy of the plant and the other five davidii varieties has been challenged in recent years. Leeuwenberg sank them all as synonyms, considering them to be within the natural variation of a species, a treatment adopted in the Flora of China published in 1996.

Buddleja davidiivar.wilsonii is endemic to western Hubei, China, at elevations of between 1600 and 2000 m; it was named for the English plant collector Ernest Wilson by Alfred Rehder. The taxonomy of the plant and the other five davidii varieties has been challenged in recent years. Leeuwenberg sank them all as synonyms, considering them to be within the natural variation of a species, a treatment adopted in the Flora of China published in 1996.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Bean, W. J. (1917). Trees and shrubs hardy in Great Britain, 7th edition. Murray, London.
  2. ↑ Hatch, L. (2007). Cultivars of Woody Plants. Vol. 1 (A-G), 2007 Edition. TCR Press Horticultural PDF. books.
  3. 1 2 Sabourin, L. (1929). Le Buddleia fallowiana et sa variété alba. Revue Hort. (Paris): 101: 418. 1929.
  4. 1 2 Stuart, D. (2006). Buddlejas. Plant Collector Guide. Timber Press, Oregon, USA. ISBN   978-0-88192-688-0
  5. ↑ Leeuwenberg, A. J. M. (1979) The Loganiaceae of Africa XVIII Buddleja L. II, Revision of the African & Asiatic species. H. Veenman & Zonen, Wageningen, Nederland.
  6. ↑ Li, P. T. & Leeuwenberg, A. J. M. (1996). Loganiaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 15. Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. ISBN   978-0915279371 online at www.efloras.org
  7. ↑ "RHS Plantfinder - Buddleja fallowiana var. alba". Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 21 January 2018.
  8. ↑ Royal Horticultural Society. (2010). Trials Report 2008-2010 Buddleja davidii and its close hybrids Trials Office, Royal Horticultural Society, Wisley, UK.
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