Calçoene

Last updated

Calçoene
Municipality
Município de Calçoene
New asphalt Calcoene Amapa Brazil.jpg
The Governor inspects the new road in Calçoene
Bandeira de Calcoene AP.svg
Flag
Brasao Calcoene.jpg
Seal
Amapa MunicipCalcoene.jpg
Location of Calçoene in the State of Amapá
Brazil location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Calçoene
Coordinates: 02°29′52″N50°56′56″W / 2.49778°N 50.94889°W / 2.49778; -50.94889
Country Flag of Brazil.svg  Brazil
Region North
State Bandeira do Amapa.svg Amapá
Founded22 December 1945 [1]
Government
 •  Mayor Lindoval Santos do Rosario (PSC)
Area
 • Total14,269 km2 (5,509 sq mi)
Elevation
3 m (10 ft)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total11,306
 • Density0.79/km2 (2.1/sq mi)
Time zone UTC−3 (BRT)
HDI (2010)0.643 – medium
Website www.calcoene.ap.gov.br

Calçoene (Portuguese pronunciation: [kawsoˈẽni] ) is a municipality located in the east of the state of Amapá in Brazil. It is located on the Atlantic Ocean in the Amazon jungle basin near French Guiana. Calçoene covers 14,269 square kilometres (5,509 sq mi) and has a population is 11,306. [2] The name Calçoene is a corruption of "Calço N" (North Wedge, one of four mining zones defined by the Brazilian Government at the beginning of the 20th century). [3]

Contents

The city has the highest rainfall of any in Brazil, with an annual average of 4,165 millimetres (164.0 in). Calçoene is noted for its ancient megalithic observatory, often referred to as the "Amazon Stonehenge". [4]

History

The borders between French Guiana and Brazil were not clear, and in the 19th century, it was decided that the area between the Amazon and the Oyapock River was a neutral territory. Paul Quartier had a meeting with the village chiefs of Cunani and Carsewenne (nowadays: Calçoene) in 1885. [5] [6] In 1886, the Republic of Independent Guiana [6] was founded by a group of French adventurers and two village chiefs with Cunani as the capital. The unrecognised republic lasted until 1891. [7] In 1900, the territory was awarded to Brazil. [8] Calçoene became a municipality in 1956. [9]

Geography

Calçoene is bordered on the north and east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the municipalities of Amapá and Pracuúba, and to the west by the municipalities of Oiapoque and Serra do Navio. Calçoene is 272 kilometres (169 mi) from the state capital of Macapá. [1] The municipality contains 23.23% of the 2,369,400 hectares (5,855,000 acres) Amapá State Forest, a sustainable use conservation unit established in 2006. [10]

Tourism

One of the most popular tourist attraction is the Goiabal beach on the Atlantic Ocean, which is located 14 kilometers from the town of Calçoene. [9] The beach is 4 kilometres long and the water is dark due to the influence of the Amazon. [11]

Calçoene megalithic observatory

Calcoene, Stonehenge brasileira, Amapa.jpg

In May 2006, archeologists announced they had found a pre-colonial astronomical observatory, possibly 500 to 2,000 years old, near Calçoene. The age is based on pottery sherds on site that have been dated to 2,000 years old. The site is on a hill and has 127 large stones blocks of granite, each 3 metres (9.8 ft) high, and dug firmly into the ground. Archaeologist Mariana Petry Cabral of the Amapa Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (IEPA) said that the observatory has been designed to align with the winter solstice. Other agricultural societies also developed sophisticated ways to track important times in the solar calendar. At one time, researchers did not think any cultures in the Amazon Basin had developed such complexity as to build such a site. This has altered their thinking. [12]

Subdivisions

The municipality of Calçoene contains three districts: [13]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tumucumaque Mountains National Park</span> National park of Brazil

The Tumucumaque Mountains National Park is situated in the Amazon Rainforest in the Brazilian states of Amapá and Pará. It is bordered to the north by French Guiana and Suriname.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amapá</span> State of Brazil

Amapá ( ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It is in the North Region of Brazil. It is the second-least populous state and the eighteenth-largest state by area. Located in the far northern part of the country, Amapá is bordered clockwise by French Guiana to the north for 730 km, the Atlantic Ocean to the east for 578 km, Pará to the south and west, and Suriname to the northwest for 63 km. The capital and largest city is Macapá. The state has 0.4% of the Brazilian population and is responsible for only 0.22% of the Brazilian GDP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Macapá</span> Capital city of Amapá, Brazil

Macapá is a city in Brazil with a population of 512,902, and is the capital of Amapá state in the country's North Region, located on the northern channel of the Amazon Delta near its mouth on the Atlantic Ocean. The city is on a small plateau on the Amazon in the southeast of the state of Amapá. The only access by road from outside the province is from the overseas French department of French Guiana, although there are regular ferries to Belém, Brazil. Macapá is linked by road with some other cities in Amapá. The equator runs through the middle of the city, leading residents to refer to Macapá as "The capital of the middle of the world." It covers 6,407.12 square kilometres (2,473.80 sq mi) and is located northwest of the large inland island of Marajó and south of the border with French Guiana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Region, Brazil</span> Region of Brazil

The North Region of Brazil is the largest region of Brazil, accounting for 45.27% of the national territory. It has the second-lowest population of any region in the country, and accounts for a minor percentage of the national GDP. The region is slightly larger than India and slightly smaller than the whole European Union. It comprises the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, and Tocantins.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oiapoque</span> Municipality in Amapá, Brazil

Oiapoque is a municipality in the north of the state of Amapá, Brazil. Its population is 27,906 and its area is 22,625 square kilometres (8,736 sq mi). Oiapoque is also a major river in the same state, forming the international border with French Guiana. The Oyapock River Bridge, connecting the village with Saint-Georges in French Guiana, was completed in 2011 but not opened to pedestrian or vehicle traffic until 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cabo Orange National Park</span>

The Cabo Orange National Park is a National park located in Amapá state in the north of Brazil, near the border between Brazil and French Guiana.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parque Arqueológico do Solstício</span> Archaeological park in Brazil

The Parque Arqueológico do Solstício, referred to in academic sources as AP-CA-18, is an archaeological park located in Amapá state, Brazil, near the city of Calçoene. It contains a megalithic stone circle, colloquially known as the Amazon Stonehenge, consisting of 127 blocks of granite, each up to 4 meters tall, standing upright in a circle measuring over 30 meters in diameter at the bank of the Rego Grande river on a hilltop. Archaeologists believe that this site was built by indigenous peoples for astronomical, ceremonial, or burial purposes, and likely a combination. The function of this megalithic site is unknown, much like other sites such as Stonehenge, a much older site in Great Britain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amapá (municipality)</span> Municipality in North, Brazil

Amapá ( ) is a municipality located in the easternmost portion of the homonymous state of Amapá in Brazil. Its population is 9,187 and its area is 9,169 square kilometres (3,540 sq mi).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Itaubal</span> Place in North, Brazil

Itaubal is a municipality located in the southeast of the state of Amapá in Brazil. Its population is 5,617 and its area is 1,704 square kilometres (658 sq mi). Itaubal is located 112 kilometres (70 mi) from the state capitol of Macapá.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mazagão</span> Municipality in North, Brazil

Mazagão is a municipality located in the south of the state of Amapá in Brazil. Its population is 22,053 and its area is 13,131 square kilometres (5,070 sq mi). Mazagão Velho located in the municipality of Mazagão is known for the Festival of São Tiago which takes place between 16 and 28 July, and re-enacts the war between the Moors and Christians.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pedra Branca do Amapari</span> Municipality in North, Brazil

Pedra Branca do Amapari, also known simply as Amapari, is a municipality located in the midwest of the state of Amapá in Brazil. Its population is 17,067 and its area is 9,495 square kilometres (3,666 sq mi). The municipality has a population density of 1.13/km2, and the population remains even divided between rural and village areas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pracuúba</span> Place in North, Brazil

Pracuúba is a municipality located in the mideast of the state of Amapá in Brazil. It became an independent municipality in 1992. The town can be accessed from the BR-156 highway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Santana, Amapá</span> Municipality in North, Brazil

Santana is a municipality located in the southeast of the state of Amapá in Brazil. Its population is 123,096 and its area is 1,541 square kilometres, which makes it the smallest municipality of Amapá. Santana is a suburb of Macapá, the state capital, and the two cities make up the Metropolitan Area of Macapá. Its location is nearly on the equator. The planet's second longest river, the Amazon is to the south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tartarugalzinho</span> Place in North, Brazil

Tartarugalzinho is a municipality located in the east of the state of Amapá in Brazil. Its population is 17,769 and its area is 6,712 square kilometres (2,592 sq mi). Tartarugalzinho is located 230 kilometres (140 mi) from the state capitol of Macapá. It was established as a municipality on 17 December 1987.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lourenço</span> Place in North, Brazil

Lourenço is a town and district in the Brazilian municipality of Calçoene, in the interior of the state of Amapá. The main economic activities of the town is gold mining. It is one of the oldest mines in Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jari River</span> River in Pará, Brazil

The Jari River, or Jary River, is a northern tributary of the Amazon River on the border between the states of Pará and Amapá in northeastern Brazil. It is in the most downstream regions of the Amazon Basin and borders the Guiana Highlands and the Guianas to the northwest.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amapá National Forest</span>

The Amapá National Forest is a national forest in the state of Amapá, Brazil. It supports sustainable exploitation of the natural resources in an area of Amazon rainforest in the Guiana Shield.

The Fazendinha Environmental Protection Area is an environmental protection area in the state of Amapá, Brazil. There has been ongoing conflict between the residents and the state agency responsible for preserving the environment and developing the ecotourism potential.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bailique</span> Place in North, Brazil

Bailique is a district in the Brazilian municipality of Macapá, in the state of Amapá. Bailique is an archipelago of islands in the Amazon River. It consists of eight major islands. The district is limited to the north by the Araguari River, to the south by Canal do Norte, and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. In 1936, the islands became a district of the capital Macapá.

References

  1. 1 2 "Calçoene" (in Portuguese). Macapá: Governo do Estado do Amapá. 2011. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  2. ↑ IBGE 2020
  3. ↑ Amapá Digital: Calçoene
  4. ↑ "Embrapa identifica cidade mais chuvosa do Brasil" (in Portuguese). Notícias Terra. 5 December 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2009.
  5. ↑ Stéphane Granger (2011). "Le Contesté franco-brésilien : enjeux et conséquences d'un conflit oublié entre la France et le Brésil". Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire (in French): 162–163.
  6. 1 2 "La république de Counani: L'homme qui voulut être roi" . Une Saison en Guyane (in French). Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  7. ↑ "The Loneliness of the Guyanas". New York Times. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  8. ↑ "Timeline Brazil". Library of Congress. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  9. 1 2 "História". Municipality of Calçoene (in Portuguese). Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  10. ↑ FES do Amapá (in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental, retrieved 6 July 2016
  11. ↑ "Praia de Goiabal". Estados e Capitais Do Brasil (in Portuguese). Retrieved 31 March 2021.
  12. ↑ Wolford, Ben (2006). "Brazilian Stonehenge discovered". London: BBC. Retrieved 18 November 2014.
  13. ↑ "História". Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (in Portuguese). Retrieved 31 March 2021.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.