Calais is a city in Washington County, Maine, United States. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 3,123, making Calais the third least-populous city in Maine. The city has three Canada–US border crossings over the St. Croix River connecting to St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada.
St. Stephen is a Canadian town in Charlotte County, New Brunswick, situated on the east bank of the St. Croix River around the intersection of New Brunswick Route 170 and the southern terminus of New Brunswick Route 3. The St. Croix River marks a section of the Canada–United States border, forming a natural border between Calais, Maine and St. Stephen. U.S. Route 1 parallels the St. Croix river for a few miles, and is accessed from St. Stephen by three cross-border bridges.
Route 1 is a highway in the southern part of the Canadian province of New Brunswick. It begins in the west from the Canada–United States border at St. Stephen, and runs east for 239.11 kilometres (148.58 mi) to Route 2 at River Glade.
The St. Croix River is a river in northeastern North America, 71 miles (114 km) in length, that forms part of the Canada–United States border between Maine (U.S.) and New Brunswick (Canada). The river rises in the Chiputneticook Lakes and flows south and southeast, between Calais and St. Stephen. It discharges into Passamaquoddy Bay, in the Bay of Fundy.
The Three Nations Crossing is a border crossing on the Canada–US border, connecting the city of Cornwall, Ontario in Canada to Rooseveltown, New York, a neighborhood within the Town of Massena, in the United States. The crossing is associated with the Seaway International Bridge, which crosses the two channels on each side of Cornwall Island, which is located on the St. Lawrence River. The bridge is 4.7 km (2.9 mi) in length.
The New Brunswick Southern Railway Company Limited is a 131.7 mi (212.0 km) Canadian short line railway owned by the New Brunswick Railway Company Limited, a holding company that is part of "Irving Transportation Services", a division within the industrial conglomerate J.D. Irving Limited.
U.S. Route 1 in the U.S. state of Maine is a major north–south state highway serving the eastern part of the state. It parallels the Atlantic Ocean from New Hampshire north through Portland, Brunswick, and Belfast to Calais, and then the St. Croix River and the rest of the Canada–US border via Houlton to Fort Kent. The portion along the ocean, known as the Coastal Route, provides a scenic alternate to Interstate 95 (I-95).
The Ferry Point International Bridge is an international bridge, which connects St. Stephen, New Brunswick in Canada and Calais, Maine in the United States, across the St. Croix River.
The Milltown International Bridge is an international bridge and the main link of the Calais–Milltown Border Crossing, which connects St. Stephen, New Brunswick, in Canada and Calais, Maine, in the United States, across the St. Croix River.
The Calais Branch is a mothballed railroad line in Maine that was operated by the Maine Central Railroad Company (MEC).
The Milltown Dam is a hydroelectric dam built on the St. Croix River between St. Stephen, New Brunswick, Canada and Calais, Maine, USA, and operated by NB Power. Its power house has a capacity of 4 megawatts with its 7 turbines. Built in 1881 and modernised in the early-1900s, it is the oldest hydroelectric dam in Canada, as well as the first hydroelectric facility built by NB Power. Electricity generated by the Milltown Dam is also exported to the United States, connected to a 69,000 volt transmission circuit owned by the Eastern Maine Electric Cooperative, an electric utility serving Calais.
The International Avenue Bridge is an international bridge across the St. Croix River, connecting the town of St. Stephen, New Brunswick in Canada with the town of Calais, Maine in the United States.
Woodland Rail, LLC is a non-carrier railroad company that owns an 11.83 mi (19.04 km) rail line located in the state of Maine and province of New Brunswick. It was formed in 2012 as a subsidiary company of Woodland Pulp, LLC, which owns and operates a pulp mill in the Woodland neighborhood of the town of Baileyville, Maine.
The East Richford–Glen Sutton Border Crossing connects the towns of Sutton, Quebec and Richford, Vermont on the Canada–US border. During the early 20th century, this scenic road was a major east-west thoroughfare. In 1936, the United States built a large border station which is still in use today, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. By coincidence, the actual border crossing is on the Missisquoi River Bridge, built in 1929 and also listed on the US National Register. The original bridge, built in 1926, was destroyed only a year later in the Great Vermont Flood of 1927. The US station is open 24 hours; the Canadian station is open daily from 8:00am to 4:00pm.
The Beecher Falls-East Hereford Border Crossing connects the towns of East Hereford, Quebec and the village of Beecher Falls, Vermont on the Canada–United States border. It is reached by Vermont Route 253 on the American side and by Quebec Route 253 on the Canadian side. Both the Canadian and the U.S. stations are open 24 hours a day. Whilst the Canadian station is open for commercial traffic, this is only on a more limited basis. The U.S. station facilities, built in the 1930s, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.
The Orient – Fosterville Border Crossing is an international border crossing between the towns of Orient, Maine, United States and Fosterville, New Brunswick, Canada on the Canada–US border. At this crossing, the United States is still operating the original border station built in 1936, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014. Canada built its current border station in 1986. This part of the border is at the St. Croix River, which is little more than a stream here. The original bridge connecting Orient with Fosterville was said to be the shortest international bridge between the US and Canada.
The International Avenue Border Crossing connects the towns of Calais, Maine and St. Stephen, New Brunswick via the International Avenue Bridge on the Canada–US border. The crossing opened on November 16, 2009, and was the first new border crossing to open on the Canada–US border in 42 years. The opening of the crossing marked the first time since 1961 that there have been three bridges connecting Calais with St. Stephen. Currently, all commercial vehicles crossing between these towns must use this crossing.
The Ferry Point Bridge Crossing connects the towns of Calais, Maine and St. Stephen, New Brunswick on the Canada–US border. This crossing is located at the Ferry Point International Bridge. Various bridges have existed at this location since 1826. In 1847, a more substantial covered toll bridge was completed. It was replaced by a steel bridge in 1895 that featured a streetcar line, and it no longer required payment of a toll. This bridge was for many years the principal crossing point between the two communities. In 2009, after the completion of the International Avenue Border Crossing, commercial trucks were prohibited from crossing the border at this location, significantly reducing the through truck traffic passing through the nearby downtown areas.
The Boundary-Waneta Border Crossing connects the town of Northport, Washington with Trail, British Columbia on the Canada–US border. It can be reached from Waneta Road on the American side and British Columbia Highway 22A on the Canadian side. Canada has had a customs office at or near this crossing since 1865, initially to inspect vessels arriving via the Columbia River, then to inspect trains with the completion of the Nelson and Fort Sheppard Railway in 1893.
