Pope Alexander III (r. 1159-81) created 68 cardinals in fifteen consistories he held throughout his pontificate. This included the elevation of his two future successors Urban III and Clement III and he also elevated a cardinal whom he later named as a saint.
Pope Clement III, born PaulinoScolari, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 19 December 1187 to his death.
Pope Urban III, born Uberto Crivelli, reigned from 25 November 1185 to his death.
The Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina is a Roman Catholic suburbicarian diocese centered on the comune of Palestrina in Italy.
Pseudocardinals or Quasi-cardinals were the uncanonical Cardinals created by six of the Antipopes, in or rival to Rome, including two of Avignon Papacy and one of Pisa, as princes of their schismatic Catholic church.
The December 1187 papal election was convoked after the death of Pope Gregory VIII. It resulted in the election of Cardinal Paolo Scolari, who took the name of Clement III.
Pope Celestine II (1143–1144) created nine cardinals in one consistory:
Pope Clement IX created 12 cardinals in three consistories:
The 1191 papal election took place after the death of Pope Clement III. Pope Clement, according to differing and irreconcilable reports, died in March 1191, in the last third of the month, on the 20th, the 25th, the 26th, the 28th, or perhaps 2 April or 4 April, or 10 April. The election was conducted during the march of King Henry VI and his army toward Rome. The 85-year-old Cardinal Giacinto Bobone, a member of the Orsini family, was chosen after some extreme reluctance. He took the name Celestine III. Pressed by the Romans, however, he agreed to negotiate with King Henry about his coronation as emperor and about the possession of the city of Tusculum. Celestine postponed his own consecration in order to buy time to negotiate. He was finally crowned on Easter Sunday, 14 April 1191.
Pope Urban V (1362–1370) thirteen new cardinals in four consistories.
Pietro Diani was an Italian cardinal. The name "Diana" is incorrect; he signs himself Petrus Dianus.
Pope Celestine III created eleven cardinals in six consistories. The exact dates for some of these consistories are not known.
Pope Callixtus II created 35 cardinals in eight consistories held throughout his pontificate. This included one future successor and two future antipopes.
Pope Paschal II created 92 cardinals in fifteen consistories held throughout his pontificate. This included the future Antipope Anacletus II.
Pope Urban II created 71 cardinals in ten consistories that he held throughout his pontificate. He elevated his two successors Gelasius II and Innocent II as cardinals in 1088 and Honorius II in 1099.
Pope Honorius II created 27 cardinals in six consistories held throughout his pontificate. This included his successors Anastasius IV and Celestine II both in 1127.
Pope Innocent II created 76 cardinals in twelve consistories held throughout his pontificate. The pope created as cardinals his future successor Lucius III and the antipope Victor IV.
Pope Adrian IV created 23 cardinals in three consistories held during his pontificate. This included his future successor Pope Gregory VIII in 1155.
Pope Urban III created five cardinals in two consistories held during his pontificate.
Pope Clement III created 30 cardinals in three consistories held during his pontificate; this included the elevation of his future successor Pope Innocent III in 1190.
Pope Innocent III created 41 cardinals in ten consistories that he conducted throughout his pontificate. This included - in his first allocation in late 1198 - a future successor.
