The politics of Vietnam are defined by a single-party socialist republic framework, where the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam is the Party leader and head of the Politburo, holding the highest position in the one-party system. The President of Vietnam is the head of state, and the Prime Minister of Vietnam is the head of government in a one-party system led by the Communist Party of Vietnam. Executive power is exercised by the government and the President of Vietnam. Legislative power is vested in the National Assembly of Vietnam. The Judiciary is independent of the executive. The parliament adopted the current Constitution of Vietnam, its fifth, on 28 November 2013.
The Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) is the founding and ruling communist party of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Although nominally exists alongside the Vietnamese Fatherland Front, it maintains a unitary government and has centralised control over the state, military and media. The supremacy of the Communist Party is guaranteed by Article 4 of the national constitution. CPV was founded in 1930; since 1954, it has been the ruling party of North Vietnam and then the Socialist Republic after seizing power in South Vietnam in 1975. It controls the Vietnam People's Armed Forces.
The prime minister of Vietnam, officially styled Prime Minister of the Government of the Socialist Republic, is the head of government of Vietnam who presides over the meetings of the Central Government. The prime minister directs the work of government members, and may propose deputy prime ministers to the National Assembly.
The president of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the head of state of Vietnam, elected by the Vietnam National Assembly from delegates of the National Assembly. Since Vietnam is a single-party state, the president is generally considered to hold the second highest position in the political system, after the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam. In addition, the president appoints the head of government, the Prime Minister. As head of state, the President represents Vietnam both domestically and internationally, and maintains the regular and coordinated operation and stability of the national government and safeguards the independence and territorial integrity of the country.
Nguyễn Tấn Dũng is a Vietnamese politician who served as the Prime Minister of Vietnam from 2006 to 2016. He was confirmed by the National Assembly on 27 June 2006, having been nominated by his predecessor, Phan Văn Khải, who retired from office. At a party congress held in January 2011, Nguyễn Tấn Dũng was ranked 3rd in the hierarchy of the Communist Party of Vietnam, after State President Trương Tấn Sang. Following the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Nguyễn Tấn Dũng wasn't able to maintain his post in the party and stepped down from his position as Prime Minister on 7 April 2016.
Nguyễn Minh Triết is a Vietnamese politician who served as the sixth President of Vietnam from 2006 to 2011. He was elected by the National Assembly of Vietnam with 464 votes (94%) in June 2006.
Nguyễn Phú Trọng is a Vietnamese politician who is the current General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, de facto top leader of Vietnam, in office since January 19, 2011 and President of Vietnam, de jure head of state of Vietnam, in office since October 23, 2018. He was Chairman of the National Assembly from 2006 to 2011, representing Hanoi, was elected General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam at the party's 11th National Congress in 2011 and re-elected twice at the 12th National Congress in 2016 and the 13th National Congress in 2021.
The Chairperson of the National Assembly of Vietnam, formerly the Chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National Assembly of Vietnam from 1946 to 1981, is the legislative speaker of Vietnam, presiding over the National Assembly. The National Assembly is, in the words of the constitution, "the highest representative organ of the people; the highest organ of state power ..., the sole organ that has constitutional and legislative rights".
The Political Bureau (Politburo) of the Central Committee Communist Party of Vietnam, formerly the Standing Committee of the Central Committee from 1930 to 1951, is the highest body of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) between Central Committee meetings, which are held at least twice a year. According to Party rules, the Politburo directs the general orientation of the government and enacts policies which have been approved by either the National Party Congress or the Central Committee.
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam established 1930, is the highest authority within the Communist Party of Vietnam elected by the Party National Congresses. The current Central Committee has about 180 full members and 20 alternate members and elects the Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam.
The Central Military Commission (CMC), is the highest party organ in Vietnam on military policy. Its membership includes some members of the Politburo and military leaders. The CMC is headed by the current General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam, Nguyễn Phú Trọng.
The 11th Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam was elected by the 11th Central Committee on 19 January 2011 in the aftermath of the 11th National Congress. 14-members were elected, with Trương Tấn Sang, the President of Vietnam, becoming the highest-ranked member. Of the 14 members, five of them were new to the Politburo. Nguyễn Phú Trọng, ranked eighth, was elected General Secretary of the Central Committee – as General Secretary he presides over the work of the Central Committee, the Secretariat and the Politburo.
Nguyễn Xuân Phúc is a Vietnamese politician currently serving as the Prime Minister of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and is ranked 3rd in the country's 12th Politburo. Nguyễn Xuân Phúc is also a full member of the National Assembly, serving at its 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th terms. He was elected to the post by the National Assembly of Vietnam, nominated on 7 April 2016 by his predecessor, Nguyễn Tấn Dũng, who retired from office. Nguyễn Xuân Phúc became a member of the Communist Party of Vietnam on 12 November 1983.
Trần Đại Quang was a Vietnamese politician who was the eighth President of Vietnam, in office from 2 April 2016 until his death in 2018. Trần Đại Quang was elected to the post by the National Assembly of Vietnam, and nominated by his predecessor Trương Tấn Sang who retired from office. Trần Đại Quang was one of the country's top leaders, along with the Communist Party General Secretary Nguyễn Phú Trọng.
Đinh La Thăng was a former Minister of Transport, former Communist Party Secretary of Ho Chi Minh City, and former member of the Politburo. On 22 January 2018 he became the first top Party official in several decades to be tried and sentenced to prison for corruption.
The 9th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam was held in Ba Đình Hall, Hanoi from 19–22 April 2001. The congress occurs once every five years. A total of 1,168 delegates represented the party's 2,479,719 card-carrying members.
The Central Inspection Commission of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam was established in 1948 by a decision of the Central Committee, and is responsible for combating corruption, disciplining members and wrongdoing in general. It is the only organ within the party that can sentence or condemn party members. It is responsible to the Politburo and the Secretariat in between sessions of the Central Committee. The commission chairman is by right a member of the Politburo.
The 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam was the twelfth party congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam that was held at the My Dinh National Convention Centre, Hanoi. The party convened on January 18, 2016 and lasted until January 20. The Congress elected the 200-member Party Central Committee, composed of 180 official members and 20 alternate members.
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