Cermin Island

Last updated

Cermin Island
Native name:
Pulau Cermin
Chermin Island 01.jpg
Cermin Island in 2022
Brunei location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Cermin Island
Location in Brunei
Geography
Location Brunei Bay
Coordinates 4°55′47″N115°01′30″E / 4.9298333°N 115.0249126°E / 4.9298333; 115.0249126
Archipelago Malay Archipelago
Highest elevation110 ft (34 m)
Administration
Brunei
District Brunei-Muara
Mukim Kota Batu
Demographics
Population0

Cermin Island (Malay : Pulau Cermin) is an islet at the mouth of Brunei River in the Mukim Kota Batu, Brunei-Muara District, Brunei. [1] [2] During the Brunei Civil War, a battle unfolded on the island and it's sometimes referred to as the Peperangan Pulau Cermin (Chermin Island War). [3] A proposal for an 5 hectares (12 acres) protection status to be implemented on the island. [4] The island is home to sundry vegetation and swamp forests. [4]

Contents

Geography

The island sits at an estimated distance of 0.5 miles (0.80 km) south of Kaingaran Island and also 0.5 miles (0.80 km) north of Kampong Tanjong Kindana. [5] Moreover, it is filled with a dense woodland with the presence of snakes and crocodiles being recorded. [5] A noticeable rock known as Cermin Rock lies 183 metres (600 ft) north west of the island and due to its navigational hazardous position, a red and white painted beacon was placed to alert ships passing through the Pulau Cermin Channel. [6] [7]

It can be noted that due to the island's close proximity to the city of Brunei, Cermin was sometimes mistaken for it. [8]

History

During Sultan Hassan's reign from 1582 until 1598, he was the architect of the Pulau Cermin Fortress and the bridge linking from Tanjong Kindana or also known as Tanjong Chendana, to the island. [9] During the construction of the fortress, at least 40 boats were sunk while carrying stones across the Brunei River. [10] [11] A palace was defended by a fortress consisted of several cannons and connected with a long bridge.

A palace and several houses were proposed by the Pengiran Bendahara (First Minister) and later ordered by the Pehin Orang Kaya Digadong Seri Nara. [12] [13] Sultan Abdul Mubin then relocated the administrative capital from Kota Batu to the island during his reign from 1660 to 1673, [14] while the Pengiran Bendahara did not. [12] [15] It was intended for Abdul Mubin to wait out the crisis taking place prior to the Brunei Civil War, the relocation was under the guidance of the newly appointed Bendahara (Chief Minister) Muhyiddin. [15] After relocation to the island, Muhyiddin declared himself as the 14th Sultan of Brunei with his authority around Kampong Ayer thus sparking the only civil war in the country. [16] [14]

Abdul Mubin initially fled to Kinarut and stayed there for ten years until a battle was lost by the forces of Sultan Muhyiddin, this in turn caused the fight to move back into Brunei and Abdul Mubin to move back into Cermin Island. [17] [15] Muhyiddin then sought help from the Sultan of Sulu and requested additional forces from Sulu and negotiated that the land of eastern Sabah will be rewarded. [15] Once forces from Sulu arrived, preparations to attack the Cermin island immediately began. [18] [19] As the forces from Sultan Muhyiddin landed on the island, no fighting has taken place as most fortifications were destroyed by bombardment from Tanjong Kindana, [20] and Sultan Abdul Mubin has been executed, thus putting an end to the civil war. [19] Prior to his execution, he has sent most of the regalia into the Brunei Bay with cannons. [21] Abdul Mubin was buried at the Pulau Chermin Royal Cemetery on the island. [22]

Several stories place Sultan Muhammad Alam's death in or around 1824, which the following adjustments to Brunei's laws seem to confirm. Whatever the cause, he was despised and had a bad reputation. On Pulau Chermin, his sister Raja Nur Alam and those who supported her son's legal arguments strangled him to death. [23]

According to a 1970 journal by the Brunei Museum, potshards were collected from a small stretch beach on the island and later taken to the research headquarters in Kota Batu. [24] Several lamellibranchs were discovered on the island in 1976. [25]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bendahara</span> Head of the Malay nobility

Bendahara was an administrative position within classical Malay kingdoms comparable to a vizier before the intervention of European powers during the 19th century. A bendahara was appointed by a sultan and was a hereditary post. The bendahara and the sultan shared the same lineage.

Saiful Rijal was the sultan of Brunei from 1530 to 1581. He was succeeded by his eldest son Shah Brunei.

Sulaiman ibni Sharif Ali, also known as Senior King and Adipati Agung, was the fifth Sultan of Brunei, according to Silsilah Raja-Raja Berunai. He succeeded his father in 1432 and ruled until his abdication in 1485, to allow his son Bolkiah to become Sultan.

Muhyiddin ibni Abdul Jalilul Akbar was the 15th Sultan of Brunei and the fourth son of Sultan Abdul Jalilul Akbar. He took the throne after defeating his opponent, Sultan Abdul Hakkul Mubin during the Brunei Civil War. Notably, he also attempted to return the throne back to the origin bloodline via Sultan Muhammad Ali's family.

Muhammad Hasan ibni Saiful Rijal, posthumously known as Marhum di Tanjung, was the sultan of Brunei from 1582 to 1598. During him reign, the Bruneian Empire had full control of the island of Borneo and Northern Philippines, including Sulu.

Ahmad, also known as Pateh Berbai, was the third Sultan of Brunei from 1408 until 1425. He was the eldest son of Dewa Amas Kayangan and the brother of Awang Alak Betatar. It was under him that the kingdom adopted the name Brunei, this ascribed him as the founder of Brunei in the Syair Awang Semaun. Islamic education is thought to have begun in the country during the rule of his predecessor and continued under him.

Muhammad Ali ibni Muhammad Hasan, also known as Marhum Tumbang di Rumput, was the 13th Sultan of Brunei. His murder would later go on to spark the beginning of the Brunei Civil War between his killer and Sultan Muhyiddin, which a protracted civil war of succession that broke out and lasted for several years.

Abdul Hakkul Mubin ibni Muhammad Panjang, posthumously known as Al-Marhum di Pulau, was the Sultan of Brunei from 1661 to 1673. He was involved in the Brunei Civil War and ruled the sultanate from 1661 to 1673, after killing his uncle, Sultan Muhammad Ali.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ministry of Religious Affairs (Brunei)</span> Bruneian government ministry

The Ministry of Religious Affairs (MORA or MoRA; Malay: Kementerian Hal Ehwal Ugama, KHEU) is a cabinet-level ministry in the government of Brunei which is responsible for the propagation of Islam and its upholding as the state religion, as well as oversees the Islamic religious education in the country. It is currently led by a minister and a deputy minister, whereby the incumbents are Badaruddin Othman and Pengiran Mohammad Tashim respectively. The ministry is headquartered in Bandar Seri Begawan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien College</span> Public college in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei

The Sultan Omar 'Ali Saifuddien College (SOASC), natively known as Maktab Sultan Omar 'Ali Saifuddien (MSOAS), is a government boys' secondary school in Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei. It is the first English secondary school in the country. The school is also one of the only three boys' secondary schools nationwide, with the other two being Muda Hashim Secondary School and Ma'had Islam Brunei. The school provides five years of secondary education leading up to GCE 'O' Level and IGCSE qualification.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Petani</span> Village in Tutong, Brunei

Kampong Petani, also simply known as Petani, is a populated area in Tutong, the town of Tutong District, Brunei. It is officially a village-level subdivision under the mukim or subdistrict of Pekan Tutong, as well as a designated postcode area with the postcode TA1741. Parts of Petani area is also under the spatial jurisdiction of the municipality of Tutong. Petani is de facto the commercial area of the town.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Istana Darussalam</span> Palace in Brunei

The Istana Darussalam is the former residence of Omar Ali Saifuddien III and birthplace of Sultan of Brunei, Hassanal Bolkiah. The palace is located at Jalan Darussalam, Sumbiling Lama, Brunei-Muara District, Brunei. The building has become a tourist attraction and currently under the protection of the Antiquities and Treasure Trove Act of the Museums Department.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Berambang Island</span> Biggest island on the Brunei River

Berambang Island is an island at the southern bank of the Brunei River in the Mukim Kota Batu, Brunei-Muara District, Brunei. The island was formerly named Buang Tawer during The Brooke Era from 1841 until 1941. The mausoleum of the 9th Sultan of Brunei, Sultan Muhammad Hassan is located on the island, near Kampong Sungai Bunga.

Nasruddin ibni Besar Abdullah, sometimes spelled Nassaruddin and posthumously named Marhum di Kianggeh, was the self-proclaimed 16th Sultan of Brunei and the grandson of Sultan Abdul Jalilul Akbar. It was under his reign that the first gold coins or pitis were introduced, with the name Nasiruddin Malik al Zahir.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pengiran Abu Bakar</span> Bruneian legislative speaker (1906–1985)

Pengiran Abu Bakar bin Pengiran Umar was a Bruneian nobleman, civil servant, and politician who served as the fifth Speaker of the Legislative Council of Brunei. He held this position from 1 December 1974 until his retirement on 14 December 1981. Notably, he was the father-in-law of Princess Masna Bolkiah. His son, Pengiran Anak Abdul Aziz, became the prince consort of Princess Masna Bolkiah, who is the daughter of Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pengiran Mohammed Abdul Rahman Piut</span> Bruneian nobility (1906–1971)

Pengiran Haji Mohammad bin Pengiran Abdul Rahman Piut, commonly referred to by his title Pengiran Temenggong and nicknamed National Hero, was a Bruneian nobleman, teacher and politician who formerly held several high-ranking positions which included being a member of the State Council, Privy Council, and the Islamic Religious Council. Notably, he is one of the founding members of the Royal Brunei Yacht Club and the Chairman of the Brunei Boxing Association.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pengiran Muhammad Salleh</span> Bruneian nobility (1890–1969)

Pengiran Muhammad Salleh bin Pengiran Anak Haji Muhammad was a Bruneian nobleman, religious figure and politician who formerly held several high-ranking positions which included being a member of the State Council, Privy Council, Legislative Council, and the Chief Kadi. He spent practically his whole life fighting for the advancement of Islam and was well-known for being one of the nation's top religious activists.

Husin Kamaluddin ibnu Muhammad Ali or also known as Sultan Kamaluddin Malik Al Dzahir, was the 16th Sultan of Brunei. Following his death, he was posthumously given the title of Marhum Di Luba as he lives at Luba. He is descended from the 12th Sultan of Brunei, Sultan Muhammad Ali, as the second son. The nation flourished during his rule, food was easily obtained, and he also introduced Brunei pitis, the nation's first unit of money. Additionally, he is the only sultan to have held the throne twice.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military of the Bruneian Sultanate</span> Former army of the Bruneian Sultanate

The Military of the Bruneian Sultanate was the land force of the Bruneian Sultanate from 1368 to 1888.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pengiran Muda Abdul Kahar</span> Bruneian nobility (1922–1957)

Pengiran Muda Abdul Kahar was a nobleman and civil servant from Brunei who served as the chairman of the Tujuh Serangkai committee from 1953 to 1954, tasked with gathering the perspectives of Bruneian citizens, both rural and urban, on the proposed Constitution of Brunei, compiling a comprehensive report, and advising Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien III during its drafting. Additionally, he was the appointed head of the Cheteria from 1951 to 1957.

References

  1. ↑ Names, United States Board on Geographic (1952). Decision List - United States Board on Geographic Names. The Board. p. 20.
  2. ↑ "Brunei-River-Heritage-Trail_compressed" (PDF). bruneitourism.com. 2019.
  3. ↑ Zain, Shukri (1988). Sumbangsih Shukri Zain: kumpulan sebahagian dari ucapan, ceramah, drama televisyen, drama radio, drama tatu, sajak, lirik, dan langgam suara Pehin Orang Kaya Ratna Diraja Dato Seri Utama Dr. Md. Zain bin Haji Serudin (in Malay). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, Kementerian Kebudayaan Belia dan Sukan. p. 206.
  4. 1 2 Silvestre, Geronimo (1992). The Coastal Resources of Brunei Darussalam: Status, Utilization and Management. WorldFish. p. 151. ISBN   978-971-8709-11-5.
  5. 1 2 Office, United States Hydrographic (1949). Publication. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 360.
  6. ↑ Prostar Sailing Directions 2005 Borneo, Jawa, Sulawesi and Nusa Tenggara Enroute. ProStar Publications. 2005. p. 339. ISBN   978-1-57785-654-2.
  7. ↑ Office, United States Hydrographic (1955). Publications ... U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 262.
  8. ↑ Haji), Mohammad bin Pengiran Haji Abd Rahman (Pengiran (2007). Islam di Brunei Darussalam zaman British, 1774-1984 (in Malay). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, Kementerian Kebudayaan Belia dan Sukan. p. 97. ISBN   978-99917-0-557-6.
  9. ↑ Brunei (1977). Annual Report - State of Brunei. p. 494.
  10. ↑ Haji.), Awang Abdul Aziz bin Awang Juned (Pehin Tuan Imam Dato Paduka Seri Setia Ustaz (1992). Islam di Brunei: zaman pemerintahan Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu'izzuddin Waddaulah, Sultan dan Yang Di-Pertuan Negara Brunei Darussalam (in Malay). Jabatan Pusat Sejarah Brunei Darussalam. pp. XXXII.
  11. ↑ Awang.), Mohd Jamil Al-Sufri (Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji (2007). Brunei Darussalam: negara Melayu Islam Beraja (in Malay). Pusat Sejarah Brunei, Kementerian Kebudayaan Belia dan Sukan. p. 36. ISBN   978-99917-34-53-8.
  12. 1 2 Duraman (Haji), Sulaiman Haji (2009). Kenali negara kita (in Malay). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Brunei, Kementerian Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan. p. 18. ISBN   978-99917-0-638-2.
  13. ↑ Papers Relating to Brunei. Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 1998. p. 10. ISBN   978-967-9948-14-1.
  14. 1 2 Ooi, Keat Gin; King, Victor T. (29 July 2022). Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Brunei. Taylor & Francis. ISBN   978-1-000-56864-6.
  15. 1 2 3 4 "Civil war wrecks chaos in the country". The Brunei Times. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
  16. ↑ History for Brunei Darussalm. EPB Pan Pacific. 2008. p. 44. ISBN   978-99917-2-545-1.
  17. ↑ "Pulau Cermin - Brunei's Historic Island". Pulau Cermin - Brunei's Historic Island. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  18. ↑ Awang.), Mohd Jamil Al-Sufri (Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji (2005). Rampai sejarah: meniti sejarah silam (in Malay). Pusat Sejarah Brunei, Kementerian Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan. p. 146. ISBN   978-99917-34-44-6.
  19. 1 2 Awang.), Mohd Jamil Al-Sufri (Pehin Orang Kaya Amar Diraja Dato Seri Utama Haji (1997). Tarsilah Brunei: Zaman kegemilangan dan kemasyhuran (in Malay). Jabatan Pusat Sejarah, Kementerian Kebudayaan Belia dan Sukan. pp. 193–194.
  20. ↑ Rahman, Muhammad A. (1966). Rangkaian tawarikh negeri sabah (in Malay). Al-Ahmadiah Press. p. 55.
  21. ↑ Vienne, Marie-Sybille de (9 March 2015). Brunei: From the Age of Commerce to the 21st Century. NUS Press. p. 65. ISBN   978-9971-69-818-8.
  22. ↑ Singapore, Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland Malaysian Branch (1965). Journal of the Straits Branch. p. 28.
  23. ↑ Saunders, Graham E. (1994). A History of Brunei. Oxford University Press. p. 72. ISBN   978-967-65-3049-3.
  24. ↑ Brunei, Muzium (1970). Brunei Museum Journal. Brunei Museum. p. 203.
  25. ↑ Hallegraeff, Gustaaf M. (1 January 1989). Biology, Epidemiology, and Management of Pyrodinium Red Tides: Proceedings of the Management and Training Workshop, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam, 23-30 May 1989. WorldFish. p. 12. ISBN   978-971-10-2264-8.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.